ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Chapter 6
Fire your Customer
WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?

They make _________

_________ ___________= better managers

The amount of information people must understand to
make _________ , solve problems, and find
opportunities is growing exponentially
2
PROGRAMMED VERSUS NONPROGRAMMED
DECISIONS

_________ decisions
Decisions made using a rule, procedure, or quantitative method
 Easy to computerize using traditional information systems


_________ _________ decisions
Decision that deals with unusual or exceptional situations
 Not easily quantifiable

3
TYPES OF DECISIONS
• _________
• What are the benefits of
merging with XYZ
– How will consumer react if
we lower the price by 10%
– What are the benefits of
MacDonald's opening up
Hotels
4
• How many workers to staff
line A
– What is the EOQ for raw
material Z
– How many turbines to power
Lethbridge?
• _________
LEVELS OF THE ORGANIZATION
6-5
WHO, WHAT, WHY: ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
6-6
WHO, WHAT, WHY: MANAGERIAL LEVEL
6-7
WHO, WHAT, WHY: EXECUTIVE LEVEL
6-8
BASIC SYSTEMS MODEL
6-9
SYSTEM TYPE: TRANSACTION PROCESSING
SYSTEMS
6-10
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: TRANSACTION
PROCESSING SYSTEMS
TPSs are designed to process business events and transactions
Architecture Components
• _________ Documents
• Data Entry Methods
• Manual –
• _________ –(e.g. a barcode scanner)
• Fully Automated – (e.g. automatic orders from inventory
systems)
• Processing
• _________
• Batch –
6-11
Global logistics
SYSTEM EXAMPLE: PAYROLL SYSTEM (TPS)
6-12
SYSTEM TYPE: MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
6-13
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
MISs are used by _________ employees to support recurring
decision making in managing a function or the entire business
Supported Activities
• Scheduled Reporting - produced automatically based on a
predetermined schedule. Some include:
• _________– e.g. Monthly Sales Report
• Exception – e.g. Monthly Late Shipments
• _________– printed only if needed
• Ad Hoc Reporting – _________ reports (e.g. sales data by
person report to identify issues)
6-14
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION SYSTEM
6-15
SYSTEM TYPE: EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM (EIS)
6-16
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: EXECUTIVE INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
EISs, also called Executive Support Systems (ESS),
information systems to support _________ decision-making
System Details
use graphical user interfaces to display consolidated
information :
• _________ Data • _________–
Supported Activities
• Executive _________ Making
• Long-range Strategic Planning
• _________ of Internal and External Events
• Crisis Management
• _________ and Labour Relations
6-17
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Digital dashboard
6-18
SYSTEMS THAT SPAN ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARIES
6-19
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Decision Support Systems
systems designed to support _________ level employees in
organizational decision making
System Details
use computational software to construct models for analysis
(_________ _________ )to solve semi-structured problems (e.g.
sales or resource forecasts)
Supported Activities:
“_________ ” analysis – changing one or more variables in the
model to observe the effect (e.g. What is the payment if the
interest rate increases by 1% ?)
6-20
COMMON DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
6-21
EXPERT SYSTEMS
Expert Systems
used by _________ level employees to make decisions usually
made by more experienced employees or an expert in the field
System Details
use _________ engines that match facts and rules, sequence
questions for the user, draw a conclusion, and present a
recommendation to the user
Supported Activities:
These systems support many activities, including:
• _________ Diagnosis
• Machine Configuration
• _________ Planning
• Software Application Assistance (help wizards)
6-22
SYSTEM EXAMPLE –
WEB-BASED EXPERT SYSTEMS EXSYS
6-23
OFFICE _________ SYSTEMS
Office _________ Systems
increase productivity within the office setting
Supported Activities
• Scheduling Resources
Examples: electronic calendars
• Document _________
Examples: software (word processing and desktop
publishing); hardware (printers)
• Communicating
Examples: e-mail, _________ _________ ,
videoconferencing and groupware
6-24
COLLABORATIVE TECHS (GROUPWARE)
Groupware
enables people to work together more effectively
Supported Activities
These systems come in two types:
• _________ Groupware – Systems that do not require
users to be on the system working at the same time,
including: e-mail, newsgroups, workflow automation,
group calendars, and collaborative writing tools
• _________ Groupware – Systems that allow and support
simultaneous group interactions including shared
whiteboards, electronic meeting support systems, video
communication systems
6-25
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: GROUPWARE
6-26
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: GROUPWARE BENEFITS
6-27
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: FUNCTIONAL AREA INFO
SYSTEMS
___________ Area Information Systems
Cross-organizational information systems are designed to
support a specific functional area
Supported Activities
The following functional organizations have systems to
support their operational and managerial activities
• Accounting
daytraders
• ___________
Workforce
• ___________
absenteeism
• ___________
Peppers &
• Operations
Rogers
6-28
GLOBAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Global Information Systems
A variety of special-class systems used to support
organizations that operate globally
Supported Activities
Depending on the organization, one or more of these systems
may be required (definitions on next slide):
• International Accounting Systems
• Transnational Information Systems
• Multinational Information Systems
• Global Information Systems
• Collaborative Information Systems
6-29
SYSTEM EXAMPLES: GLOBAL INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
6-30