Bio1logy 11
Name:________________________
Date:_________________________
The Respiratory System – Chapter 8 – New Textbook
Directions: Label the diagram below with the help of your text book Pg. 286
Directions: Using your text book, beginning at page 282, fill in the blanks with the
appropriate word(s).
8.1 The Importance of the Respiratory System
______________________: All processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between cells and the environment. Respiration includes breathing, gas
exchange, and cellular respiration.
_____________________ or ventilation, involves the movement of gases between the
external environment and the location where they can enter and leave the body.
As animals increase in size, ____________ ______________ is required to meet their
energy needs. In order to deliver greater amounts of oxygen to cells, the respiratory
membranes of the more complex animals must have an ____________
_________________ _________________.
Fish, some salamanders, clams, starfish and crayfish exchange gases through
their______.
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Bio1logy 11
Name:________________________
Date:_________________________
Fish also use a _________________________- the water moves over the gills in one
direction while the blood contained within the capillaries inside the gill, moves in the
opposite direction.
Insects do not have the problem of losing too much water by evaporation through their
respiratory membrane because it is located ________________________.
Although frogs, like earthworms, can absorb oxygen through their ______, the lungs
provide substantially greater _________________________.
8.2 Mammals
In mammals, air enters the respiratory system either through the two ________________
or the ____________. Foreign particles are prevented from entering the nasal cavities by
________ ________ lining the passageways that act as a filtering system. The nasal
cavities ____________________________ incoming air and contain mucus which traps
particles and keeps the cells lining the cavities moist. The nasal cavities open into an airfilled channel in the mouth called the __________. Two openings branch from the
pharynx, the ___________, or the windpipe, and the esophagus, which carries food to the
stomach.
The wall of the trachea is supported by ___________ _______, which keep the trachea
open.
Air from the pharynx enters the ________, or _________ ______, located at the upper
end of the trachea.
Inhaled air moves from the trachea into two __________, which like the trachea, contain
cartilage rings. The bronchi carry air into the _____ and ______ __________, where
they branch into many smaller airways called ______________________.
Air moves from the bronchioles into tiny sacs called ___________. Measuring between
0.1 um – 0.2 um in diameter, each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen and
carbon dioxide both move from areas of higher concentration, to areas of lower
concentration. Therefore, oxygen moves from the air within the _______ to the
_____________ while carbon dioxide moves from the __________, into the air inside the
________.
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Bio1logy 11
Name:________________________
Date:_________________________
The _________________, a domeshaped sheet of muscle that
separates the chest cavity from the
abdominal cavity, regulates the
pressure in the chest cavity. During
inspiration, the diaphragm
________________, or shortens,
pulling downward.
The diaphragm is assisted through
the action of the
____________________ muscles,
which cause the ribs to move
8.3 Summary Gas Exchange and Transport Pg. 293
Diffusion of gas occurs from an area of high pressure to an area of _____
_____________.
Homeostatic mechanisms help maintain gas levels. Chemical receptors detect a change in
gas levels and send a message, via _________ _________, to increase or decrease
breathing movements.
____________________: an inflammation f the bronchial tubes.
_____________ _________: a respiratory disorder characterized by a reversible
narrowing of the bronchial passage.
___________________: A respiratory disorder characterized by an over-inflation of the
alveoli.
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Bio1logy 11
Name:________________________
Date:_________________________
The Respiratory system
Instructions: write the appropriate name for each structure in the table below
next to its number. Example:
1. Nasal Cavity
1.
4.
7.
10.
13.
2.
5.
8.
11.
3.
6.
9.
12.
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Bio1logy 11
Name:________________________
Date:_________________________
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