Respiratory system works with
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory System:
• Intakes oxygen
• Releases carbon dioxide waste
Circulatory system:
• Transports gases in blood between lungs and cells

In order to gain a head start on the assessment you guys need to find a blank picture of the respiratory system and be able to label the following: nasal cavity; epiglottis; pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchus; bronchioles; lungs (lobes, pleural membrane, thoracic cavity, visceral pleura, pleural fluid, alveoli); diaphragm; intercostal muscles (external and internal)

• If respiratory system and/or circulatory system fails, death will occur
• Cells need O
2 release CO product
2 for work; as a waste
• Accumulation of excess CO
2 is toxic to cells and MUST be removed

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
• Nasal cavity
– Space above and behind the nose
– Made of cartilage and bone
– Divided into 2 by a cartilaginous septum
– Hairs within the nostrils filter out dust etc before air passes into two nasal cavities.
– Designed to warm, moisten, and filter air before it passes to the nasopharynx
– A mucous layer
• Pharynx – (throat)
– Funnel shaped
– Connects to larynx and oesophagus
– Small muscular tube
– conducts food and air
– exchanges air with Eustachian tube to equalize pressure

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
• Epiglottis
― flap of cartilage that covers trachea
― ensures food travels down the esophagus • Larynx – (voice box)
– Connects the pharynx and the trachea. nasal cavity
– Made of cartilage and muscle
– contains vocal cords
– Helps us to speak larynx pharynx

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
• Trachea – (windpipe)
– Tubular passageway (12 cm long 2 cm diameter) to carry air towards the lungs
– C-shaped cartilage rings to keep it open
– Divides at end into :
Bronchi larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
• Bronchi
– Pair of tubes that branch from trachea and enter lungs
– Have cartilage plates to keep them open
– Lining is ciliated & secretes mucus
– By now air is warm, moist and free from most impurities
• Each bronchi divides into
– Lobar bronchi
– Segmental bronchi
– 23 branches in total
– Tree

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
•
– tiny tubes extend from the bronchi
– lacking cartilage and cilia
– possess smooth muscle bronchiole smooth muscle
– They about
1mm diameter
– Terminate in clusters of alveoli

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
– Two cone shaped organs suspended in the pleural cavities
– Surrounded by a pleural membrane
– Made of elastic tissue
– Divide into lobes
– Right is larger as left has to accommodate the heart
• This space is known as the cardiac notch

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
•
–
–
–

– Is the innermost of the two pleural membranes. It covers the surface of the lung
•
– The lungs are surrounded by membranes known as pleura
– These contain a cavity with fluid that lubricates the surfaces as the lungs expand and contract.
– Their main job is to prevent friction and keep the lungs airtight,
– The pleural membrane produces pleural fluid, which fills the space between the visceral and parietal pleura. This lubricating fluid allows the lungs to glide over one another easily.

• Thoracic Cavity
– This is the full name for the chamber of the chest that is protected by the thoracic wall. It is protected from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm

Respiratory Structures and Organs: Explained
Alveoli
• Around the bronchioles are 600 million alveoli in each lung.
• Each one is in contact with a capillary
• This is where exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place.

• Cup shaped structures that resemble bunches of grapes
• covered with
SURFACTANT that keep them from collapsing

• Intercostal muscles
– External intercostals
• Contract to pull the rib cage up when we breathe in
– Internal intercostals
• Contract to pull the rib cage down when we breathe out
– Attach between the ribs
• Diaphragm
– Dome shaped muscle at the bottom of the ribcage
– Breathing in - Contracts – flattens, making chest cavity larger and drawing air in.

Anatomy of the Respiratory system…
• Air enters through the
Mouth & Nose
.
• Passes through the
Pharynx
(back of throat).
• Passes through the
Larynx
(responsible for your voice production).
• Air passes over the
Epiglottis
(stops food going down our windpipe/trachea).
• Air enters the
Trachea
, membranous tube that delivers air to the lungs.
• Trachea divides into 2
, one into each lung.
• 2 main Bronchi divide into
Bronchioles
, which further subdivide 23 times into
8 million bronchioles in each lung.
• Around the Bronchioles you will find groups of air sacs called
Alveoli
(600 million in each lung).
• Alveoli are the catalyst for gas exchange (O2 and CO2), as they are in contact with the capillaries.