A Red Light for Scofflaws
• Scofflaws: a person who laughs at or
violate certain regulations 藐视或违反法令者
• Scofflawry: the action of laughing at or
violating certain regulations 违法行为
Litterbug
crossing traffic fence
Crossing street without walking on pestrian pavement
running red light
Illegal speeding
drunk driving
scribbling on the walls
spitting
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Graffitiprone
Litterbugs
High-decible
Tobacco addicts
Pot smokers
Joint
Coccaine
jaywalkers
• Illegally spits on the
sidewalk
• Farebeater
• Double parking
• Drunk driving
• Illegal speeding
• Red-light running
structure
• Part 1 ( Paras 1---2)
• Part 2 (Paragraph 3)
• Part 3 ( Paras 4---5)
• Part 4 (Paras6---8)
Part 1 (Parasgraphs 1—2)
• Take to: to be pleased by or attracted to；to
begin to do sth. as a regular habit 喜欢
• The dog seldom takes to strangers.
• 那条狗很少喜欢生人
• His manner was so taking that l took to him at
once.
• 他的风格如此吸引人，我立刻就喜欢上他了。
• Recently l have taken to getting up earlier in the
morning。
• 最近我开始喜欢早上早起了。
Abound in / with: to have in large numbers or great
quantity
• The land abounds in spring and streams of
water.
• The jungle abounds with snakes.
• The book abounds in printing mistakes.
• Exempt: (adj) freed from a duty, service,
payment, etc. 被免除的
• Exempt: (v) to make someone or
something exempt 免除
• His bad health exempted him from military
service.
• 他身体不好，使他免服兵役。
Duck out of : to try to avoid (a difficulty or
unpleasant difficulty)
• You can’t duck out now, you made a
solemn promise.
• No parent can duck out of his duty to his
children．
• It’s unlawful to try to duck out of paying
taxes.
Scofflaws abound in amazing variety.
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Graffitiprone
Bicyclists who do not obey traffic laws
Litterbugs
High-decibel portable radios
Tobacco addicts smoke in public places
Pot smokers
The flagrant use of cocaine
Summary of Part 1
• Scofflawry of various forms is
everywhere and seems to become
the trend.
Part 2
• The most immediately, measurably
dangerous and the most visable scofflawry
comes from ________.
• Double parking, drunk driving, illegal
speeding
• The dangers and range of scofflawry.
Part 3
• 俄罗斯轮盘（Russian roulette）是一种残忍的赌
博游戏。与其他使用扑克、色子等赌具的赌博不
同的是，俄罗斯轮盘赌的赌具是左轮手枪和人的
性命。俄罗斯轮盘赌的规则很简单：在左轮手枪
的六个弹槽中放入一颗或多颗子弹，任意旋转转
轮之后，关上转轮。游戏的参加者轮流把手枪对
着自己的头，扣动板机；中枪的当然是自动退出，
怯场的也为输，坚持到最后的就是胜者。旁观的
赌博者，则对参加者的性命压赌注。
Summary of Part 3
• As a typical case of scofflawry: red-light
running is so common, so overlooked but
yet so harmful for the fundamentals of
social order.
Part 4
• For all: in spite of
He is still poor for all he has worked.
For all his wealth, he was lonely and
unhappy.
Of a piece: the same as something else or
as the rest of something (与…)同类的；（与…）一
致的
• At its peak in the
Thirties, Underground
design and
architecture was all of
a piece.
• The essays that
Parsons completed in
the latter part of his
life are of a piece with
his earlier work.
• 在三十年代的鼎盛时
期，地下设计和建筑
全一样。
• 帕森斯后半生完成的
论文同他前半生完成
的(风格)一致。
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Demoraliation
Destablize
Deforestation
Deformed
Degrade
dehumanize
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道德败坏
不稳定
砍伐树木
变形的，畸形的
使恶化，使退化
使失去人性
Prohibition 禁酒令
• National prohibition of alcohol (192033)--the “noble experiment”--was
undertaken to reduce crime and corruption,
solve social problems, reduce the tax
burden created by prisons and
poorhouses, and improve health and
hygiene in America. The results of that
experiment clearly indicate that it was a
miserable failure on all counts.
Prohibition 禁酒令
• Although consumption of alcohol fell at the
beginning of Prohibition, it subsequently
increased. Alcohol became more
dangerous to consume; crime increased
and became “organized”; the court and
prison systems were stretched to the
breaking point; and corruption of public
officials was rampant（失控的，猖獗的）.
Undermine: to make something or someone
become gradually less effective, confident, or
succussful 逐步削弱， 逐步损害
• Business confidence was undermined by a
series of major failures.
• Their trading position has been seriously
underminded by the minister’s remarks.
• Britain was accused of undermining
international efforts to reduce pollution.
Summary of Part 4
• It's about the nature and the cause of
scofflawry.