Content Statement 19
0 Movements such as the Harlem Renaissance, African-
American migration, women’s suffrage and
Prohibition all contributed to social change.
Harlem Renaissance
0 Period of African American creativity during
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the 1920s in the Harlem community of New
York City
Harlem became the world’s largest black
urban community
Harlem suffered from overcrowding,
unemployment, and poverty
Movement was led by well-educated,
middle-class African Americans who
expressed a new pride in the AfricanAmerican experience
Represented a portion of the great social
and cultural changes that sweep through
America in the 1920s
Key Figures of the Harlem
Renaissance
0 Marcus Garvey: founded the UNIA (Universal Negro
Improvement Association)
0 Langston Hughes: best known poet
0 Louis Armstrong: trumpet player (Jazz)
0 Duke Ellington: jazz pianist and composer
0 Bessie Smith: blues singer
Marcus Garvey
The Black skin is not a badge of
shame, but rather a glorious
symbol of national greatness.
Marcus Garvey
Louis Armstrong
0 What a Wonderful World
0 Trumpet Solo
Langston Hughes
Cross
My old man’s a while old man
And my old mother’s black
If ever I cursed my white old man
I take my curses back
If ever I cursed my black old mother
And wished she were in hell,
I’m sorry for that evil wish
And now I wish her well
My old man died in a fine big house
My ma died in a shack
I wonder where I’m going to die,
Being neither white nor black
Bessie Smith
0 St. Louis Blues (1929)
Duke Ellington
0 It Don't Mean a Thing
Impact of the Great Migration
0 Large numbers of African Americans moved to
northern cities during the Great Migration
0 Increased competition for jobs, housing and public
services in urban areas
Women’s Suffrage
0 19th Amendment: gave
women suffrage rights (voting
rights)
0 The change brought more
women into the political
process, eventually including
women running for public
office.
Young Women Change the
Rules
0 Flappers - an emancipated young
woman who embraced the new
fashions and urban attitudes of
the day
0 Young women became more
assertive
0 Some began smoking and
drinking
0 Marriage started being viewed as
an equal partnership (housework
and children remain the women’s
job)
American Fundamentalism
0 Fundamentalism - Protestant movement grounded in
a literal, non-symbolic, interpretation of the Bible
0 Rejected the theory of evolution
0 Believed the Bible was inspired by God, and that
therefore its stories in all their details are true
Scopes Monkey Trial
0 1925, Tennessee passed a law that it was a crime to
teach evolution
0 John T. Scopes, was up to challenging the new law
0 He was arrested and put in jail
0 Found guilty and fined $100
Prohibition (1920-1933)
0 18th Amendment - Amendment forbidding the
manufacturing and sale of alcohol in the United States
0 Believed too much drinking led to crime, wife and
child abuse, accidents on the job and other serious
problems
Speakeasies and Bootleggers
0 Speakeasies - a place where alcohol drinks were sold
and consumed illegally during Prohibition
0 Bootleggers - a person who smuggled alcoholic
beverages into the United States during Prohibition
Organized Crime
0 Prohibition caused a rise in
organized crime
0 Al Capone - a gangster whose
bootlegging empire netted
over$60 million a year
0 Headlines reported 522 bloody
gang killings pointing the finger at
Capone
St. Valentines Day Massacre
st
21
Amendment
0 Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that repealed
Prohibition