The Crusades
Why did the Crusades occur?
How did the Crusades affect the
world?
Background
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1050s CE = Seljuk Turks invade the
Byzantine Empire
Within 40 years, the Seljuks control
parts of the Byzantine Empire,
including Palestine
1095CE = Byzantine Emperor asks
Pope Urban II for help
Holy Land


Palestine is Holy
Land to Muslims
and Jews
Christians also
regard Palestine as
Holy Land

Jesus lived and
taught in Palestine

Map of Jerusalem
Council of Clermont
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At Clermont, Pope
Urban II tells
German & French
Bishops to recover
Palestine
Christians who
answered the
Pope’s calling were
called crusaders
When were the Crusades?
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1095-1291CE: 200 years of religious
wars
1099CE = The 1st Crusade


Late 1100s = The 3rd Crusade


Christians capture Jerusalem
Christians surrender Jerusalem
1291 = The 4th Crusade

Muslims are victorious
Key Causes
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Pope believes the Crusades will increase
his power in Europe
Christians believe they will be forgiven for
their sins if they fight for the cause
Nobles hope to gain land & $$ by
participating in the wars
Travel & excitement
Serfs want to escape feudal oppression
Key People

Saladin


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Respected leader
who united the
Muslim world in late
1100s
Defeated Christians
in Jerusalem
Did not allow his
men to kill, hurt, or
rob the Crusaders
Key People

Richard the
Lion-Hearted




King of England in
1189
Determined to
defeat Saladin
Many victories, but
could never capture
Jerusalem
Pope Urban II
Impact

Religious hatred


Increase in trade


Violence and massacres of Jews, Christians,
and Muslims
Returning Crusaders brought new spices,
perfumes, and fabrics to Europe
Popes and feudal kings grow more powerful

Leaders are commonly viewed as prestigious
Impact

Feudalism weakened; serfs begin
paying rent instead of paying with food
and labor


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Money-based economy arises
European interest in travel increases
Cultural diffusion & learning

Euro introduced to Byzantine & Muslim
educational advancements
Organize the Effects of the
Crusades
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:) :) :)
Trade increasesFeudalism
weakens
Popes & Kings
grow more
powerful
Cultural diffusion
learning

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:( :( :(
Religious hatred
Feudalism
weakens-gov’t
weakening
Popes & Kings –
more power
E-Tix
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1) What were the crusades?
2) Who fought in the crusades?
3) Describe one cause and one effect
of the crusades.