The Crusades
and the
Wider World
Section 8-3
pp. 255-260
Preview Questions
• What advanced civilizations flourished around
the world in 1050?
• What were the causes and effects of the
Crusades?
• How did Christians in Spain carry out the
Reconquista?
The World in 1050
• The world outside of Europe is thriving
• The Seljuk Turks begin their invasion of the
Byzantine Empire, capturing it in 1071
– Holy Land under Muslim control
– Muslims attack Christian pilgrims
The Crusades
• Pope Urban II issues a call for Christians to
reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control
• Motives:
– Religious zeal
– Wealth and land
– Adventure
The Crusades
• Victories and Defeats:
– First Crusade (1099)
• Christians capture Jerusalem and massacre Muslims
and Jews
• Crusaders divide land into 4 small states
– Second Crusade (1187)
• Muslims recapture Jerusalem
The Crusades
• Victory and Defeat
– Third Crusade
• Muslims, led by Saladin,
retain control of Jerusalem
• Jerusalem was open to
Christians
– Fourth Crusade
• Christians fight Byzantine
merchants
• Traders capture and loot
Constantinople in 1204
Effects of Crusades on Europe
• Economic Expansion
– New goods introduced to Europe
– Increased trade with Middle East
– Strengthening of the money
economy
• Increased Power for Monarchs
– Rulers have increased power to
collect taxes for Crusades
– Some rulers fight in Crusades,
increasing their prestige
King Richard I of England,
who led the Third Crusade
Effects of the Crusades on Europe
• The Church
– Papacy reaches all-time
height of power
– No reconciliation between
Eastern and Western
Churches
• A Wider Worldview
– Europeans curious about
new lands
– Marco Polo travels to China
– New desire for exploration
Map of Marco Polo’s Journey
The Reconquista in Spain
• Reconquista: Spanish attempt to drive
Muslims from Spain.
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Leading Reconquistadors
The Reconquista in Spain
• Ferdinand and Isabella
– Determined to bring
political and religious unity
to Spain
– End religious toleration
– Use Inquisition to launch
crusade against Muslims
and Jews
Christian Reconquistadors Fight
Muslims in Spain.