Nation Building and Nationalism
Chapter 9
ExpansionEXPANSION
and AND
Migration
MIGRATION
Mississippi Valley
John Q.
Adams
John Jacob
Astor
Settlers
Transcontinental
Treaty of 1819
furs
ObstacleNative Amer
Legend of the
mountain
men
Indian
Removal Act
Transportation
Sqatterspreemption
rights
Family units
“civilized”
eastern
existence
transient
Became a
network to
accommodate
transient
lifestyle
A revolution in transportation
ROADS
•National Road
(Cumberland Road)
•1st overland toll
road
•Chartered by states,
these turnpikes
failed to meet the
need for cheap
transportation over
great distances
RIVERS
•Best cheap
transportation
system
•Ohio-Mississippi
system beckoned
first with the
flatboat trade
•And after Robert
Fulton’s invention
in 1807, the
steamboat
CANALS
•Needed to link the
Great Lakes, the
Ohio, and the
Mississippi with the
coastal states
•In 1825, the Erie
Canal was finished
•Signaled the birth of
the “canal boom”
which lasted until the
late 1830s
Emergence of a market economy
High profit staple farming
Regional
concentrations
Southcotton
Slave
labor
Market economy
Cotton
gin
New industrial
development
credit
Insured
profits
Need for
banking
Expansion
of capital
Factory
System
As late as
1840-only
8.8%
employed in
factories
The Politics of nation Building after the
War of 1812
 Henry ______ called for an ________ system of protective
tariffs and financed internal improvements.
 A second ____ of the United States (1816) was chartered to
promote the nation’s financial stability
 James ________, projected the image of high-principled,
disinterested statesman. He prized national harmony
(nationalism) over economic prosperity
 The __________ compromise (1820) temporarily settled the
question of slavery status in the new states of the West.
Nationalism was triumphant
Nation building cont…
 The Supreme court made great contributions to nationalism.
In decisions like McCulloch v.___________, the Supreme
Court supported economic nationalism at the expense of
certain state powers.
 Recognizing the threat of a European Grand Alliance,
President Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
issued the _______ ________, which was delivered as a
warning to European powers that the US opposed further
colonization and political interference in the Americas
 This made little impression on the European powers
Multiple Choice #1
 1.
Between 1815 and 1824, the US
 A. Grew rapidly in size and population
 B. Was threatened by foreign invasion
 C. Revised its form of government
 D. Was unable to expand its economy
 E. Invaded and occupied Canada
 Answer: A
Multiple Choice #2
 2.
The first great federal transportation project was the
 A. Building of the national roads
 B. Lancaster turnpike
 C. Erie Canal
 D. Transcontinental railroad
 E. Union and Pacific railroad
 Answer: A
Multiple Choice #3
 3.
The Monroe Doctrine
 A. Was immediately accepted by European powers
 B. Had little significance for the US in 1823
 C. Opposed the independence of Spain’s Latin American
colonies
 D. Required too much money to enact
 E. Made little impression on the European powers
 Answer: E
Multiple Choice #4
 4.
John Quincy Adams was the handpicked selection for
President by President Monroe. What office did he hold in
the Monroe Administration?
 A. Vice President
 B. Ambassador to France
 C. Secretary of War
 D. Secretary of State
 E. Secretary of Treasury
 Answer: D
Multiple Choice #5
 5.
In 1823, John Quincy Adams believed the nation should
 A. Form an alliance with the British
 B. Avoid involvement in European affairs
 C. Create an alliance with the newly independent Latin
American nations
 D. Control all affairs of the Western hemisphere
 E. Wrest control of New Orleans from the Spanish
 Answer: B Adams understood that the US should avoid intervention
into purely European matters.
FRQ
 Describe the evolution of American politics and actions
toward Native Americans between 1816 and 1830
The Triumph of White Men’s
Democracy
Chapter 10
Democracy in Theory and Practice
Social Equalitydominant principle
Romanticism in
American literature
Suffrage
Other practices
Industrialization
perpetuated inequality
but not in terms of
birth or privilege, but
rather in terms of
wealth
Appealed to feelings
and intuitions of
ordinary people
Property
requirements
dropped
Workingmen’s
parties emerged
Supported virtue and
middle-class
sentiments
Permanent two-party
system became the
forum for political
ideas
Abolitionists sought
an end to slavery
Jackson and the politics of democracy
 Popular hero who won the popular
vote but denied the presidency b/c
of the corrupt bargain btwn
Adams/Clay over the tariff of
abominations (this would damage
Adams administration)
 Jackson-defeated Adams in 1828
Democratic party
Most forceful president in history
Endorsed the spoils system
Removed the Indians in 1830-in the
Trail of Tears
 Felt nullification (which is states
rights to set aside federal laws) as a
major threat to federal authority




 Handled it by suspending it
The Bank War and the 2nd party system
Bank of the United States
 Nicholas Biddle (pres of the
bank) sought recharter in 1832
 Jackson declared war on the
bank
 He felt it violated the democratic
society
 Jackson ordered that federal deposits
be removed and deposited in selected
“pet banks”
Second Party System
 The Whigs emerged in Jackson’s
second term
 Led by Henry Clay & Daniel
Webster
 Opposed the growth of
presidential power
 Jackson ordered the specie circular
to combat the growing depression
 He endorsed MartinVan Buren-won
 Lost in the 1840 toWhig William
Henry Harrison b/c of the
depression
Heyday of the Second Party System
WHIGS
Promoted a
“positive
liberal
state”
Government
active and
responsive
economically
Supported a
market
economy
Although
wanted to
restrain
disorder and
selfish
individualism
Appealed to
small farmers,
workers,
immigrants and
Catholics
b/c they
supported
individualism
and personal
liberty
Multiple Choice #1
 1.
Andrew Jackson killed the national bank
 A. by withdrawing federal deposits from it
 B. through further legislation
 C. through the actions of the Supreme court
 D. by letting it expire in 1836
 E. by accusing Nicholas Biddle of treasonous acts
 Answer: A
Multiple Choice #2
 2.
Andrew Jackson’s attitude toward Native Americans
was that
 A. they should be removed to areas beyond white expansion
 B. they should be allowed to remain on their tribal lands
 C. they should be assimilated into white society
 D. they should be treated as equals to the white man
 E. they should be exterminated
 Answer: A
Multiple choice #3
 3.





John Quincy Adams’ victory in 1824 was aided by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Martin van Buren
John c Calhoun
Henry Clay
William Crawford
Nicholas Biddle
 Answer : C
 The election of 1824 was thrown to the House of Rep. Adams was
elected after one of his competitors in the general Election, Henry Clay
threw his support behind Adams. Adams then appointed Clay Secy of
State
Multiple Choice #4
 4.
The “Trail of Tears” refers to
 A. the destruction of the national bank
 B. the forced relocation of the Cherokees to Oklahoma
 C. passage of the tariff of abominations
 D. the nullification controversy
 E. the Oregon Trail and westward expansion
 Answer: B
Multiple Choice #5
 5.
The nullification controversy occurred in the state of
 A. Pennsylvania
 B. Georgia
 C. New York
 D. South Carolina
 E. New Jersey
 Answer: D
FRQ
 Illustrate why the 1830s should be referred to as the “Age of
Democracy”
 The 1830s was the era of Jacksonian Democracy. The people’s choice
had been elected to the Presidency in Andrew Jackson. He had not
been born of an aristocratic family, nor had he been aWashington
insider.
 The decade also brought more voting rights to more citizens. This in
turn meant more people voting in elections. Many historians believe
that this is what the founding fathers intended for the Republic
Slaves and their masters
Chapter 11
The world of southern blacks
SLAVES
Slave lives varied
according to
region
Lower southcotton beltconstituted ½ the
population
Resistance
Family Ties
Complicated as they
were faced with a
hostile white society
Not always
based on blood
relations
Formed a
kinship
Underground
railroad
Vesey
Conspiracy
Religions
African Methodist
Episcopal Church
White society in the Antebellum South
PLANTATION CULTURE-ELITES
Small
Slaveholders
Yeoman
Farmers
Elites
20 of fewer slaves
Owned land they worked
themselves
Hard working, self-made
business men
88% of all slaveholders in
the 1860s
Ambitious-sought to
become large scale
Treated their slaves in a
paternalistic manner
Numerous arguments
needed to justify slavery
Slavery and the Southern economy
Upper South
 Virginia, Maryland,
Kentucky
 Tobacco farming became less
important
 They began importing
(selling) slaves to the south
 Infant industries began
Lower South
 Lower southern states
(Mississippi, Alabama,
Georgia, etc)
 Cotton Gin and the introduction
of “short-staple” cotton made
cotton the single most
important export and the most
profitable business in the U.S.
 This dependency on cotton
impeded industrialization in the
South
Multiple choice #1
 1.
Slavery’s hold on the south was strengthened by the
increasing importance of
 A. rice
 B. indigo
 C. long-staple cotton
 D. sugar cane
 E. short staple cotton
 Answer: E
Multiple choice #2
 2.
The yeoman farmer of the south was
 A. a slave owner
 B. shiftless
 C. proud and self-reliant
 D. much different from his northern counterpart
 E. a squatter on unproductive land
 Answer: C
Multiple choice #3
 3.
Southern apologists claimed the master-slave
relationship was more humane than employer-worker
relationships because
 A. it offered more opportunities for job training
 B. it afforded greater long-term security
 C. slaves were not exploited as badly as free laborers
 D. it was actually a freer relationship
 E. it included women in the work force
 Answer: B
Multiple choice #4
 4.
The conspiracy for slave rebellion uncovered in South
Carolina in 1822 was led by
 A. Denmark Vesey
 B. Nat Turner
 C. Gabriel Prosser
 D. Frederick Douglass
 E. George Fitzhugh
 Answer: A
Multiple Choice #5
 5.
The foundation of the African American culture was
 A. a shared language
 B. political activity
 C. art
 D. music
 E. religion
 Answer: E
FRQ
 How did the South’s reliance on a slave labor system restrict
its ability to diversify its economy?
The Pursuit of Perfection