Acid Base Balance
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Ph < 7.35
co2 > 45
Ph >7.45
co2 < 35
Metabolic acidosis
Ph >7.35
HCO3 > 22
Metabolic alkalosis
Normal ranges
Ph < 7.45
HCO3 < 26
Ph 7.35-7.45
co2 35-45
HCO3 22-26
ALL METRICS
Resp. acidosis causes
Resp. alkalosis causes
Metabolic Acidosis
COPD
barbiturate overDOSE
chest wall abnormality
severe pneumothorax
atelectaisis
gullies barre syndrome
hypoventilation
Hyperventilation
hypoxia,
PE,septicemia, encephalitis,
brain injury, salicylate
poisoning fever,
stimulated respiratory
center.
Mechanical
hyperventilation
Diabetic ketoacidosis
lactic acidosis
starvation
severe diarrhea
renal tubular acidosis
GI fistulas
shock
Severe vomiting
gastric suction
diuretic therapy
potassium deficit
excess NAHCO3 intake
excess mineralcorticoids
Metabolic alkalosis
Resp.acidosis symptoms
Resp. alkalosis symptoms
Metabolic Acidosis sx
Metabolic alkalosis sx
Rapid shallow respirations
Seizures
Headache
Restlessness and lethargy
decreased BP w/ vasodilation
deep, rapid breathing, hyperventilation decreased BP
tachycardia
headache
tachycardia
hyperkalemia
compensatory hypoventilation
hyperkalemia
decreased bp
muscle twitching
confusion
dysrytmias
hypokalemia vasodilation ( warm and flushed dry skin) nausea vomiting diarrhea
drowsiness
numbness and tingling nausea vomiting and dirrhea
tremors
disorientation
lethargy and confusion confusion and drowsiness
muscle cramps
muscle weakness and hyper reflexia
lightheadedness
kussmals respirations(compensatory hyperventilation)
tingling in fingers/ toes
nausea, vomiting
Compensation
1.If PH is normal range acid/ base is fully compensated
2. If PH is out of range and c02 are opposites then you have
partial compensation
3. If PH is out of range but either Co2 or Hc03 are normal=
uncompensated