PERIODS 1 & 2: Transformations of America
Review Sheet
Period 1 Concepts:
•
Describe how and when the first people migrated to the U.S.
•
Be able to compare key characteristics of the following Native American groups:
o Mayan/Aztecs/Incans
o Mississippi Valley (Hopewell, Cahokia)
o Great Plains (Sioux, Comanche)
o Northeast (Iroquois, Algonquin)
o Southwest (Anasazi, Pueblo)
o Northwest (Chinook, Tillamook)
•
Explain the role of maize cultivation in Pre-Columbian Native American societies
•
Identify how particular events and occurrences helped to prepare Western Europe for
worldwide trade and exploration, especially:
o The Crusades
o The Protestant Reformation
o Renaissance and Enlightenment.
•
Discuss the short-term and long-term effects of Spanish conquest in the New World
•
Be able to answer the following about the Columbian Exchange:
o What led to the formation of this trade network?
o What were the most important things that were exchanged?
o What impact did it have on future events and developments?
Period 2 Concepts:
•
Describe the social and economic impact of Spanish tribute colonies.
•
Compare and Contrast early settlements and colonies (Jamestown, Maryland, Caribbean,
New France, New Netherlands, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island) based on the
following principles:
o Labor—slavery, indentured servitude, impact on Native Peoples, etc.
o Government and republicanism
o Economic opportunity
o Religion and its impact
o Relationships with Native Americans
•
Analyze the causes and effects of conflicts between colonists and Native Americans,
including:
o the Indian War of 1622
o the Puritan-Pequot War
o Metacom’s (King Philip’s) War
o Pueblo Revolt
•
Describe how colonization led to internal conflicts among Native Americans (Beaver
Wars-Iroquois) and colonists (Bacon’s Rebellion).
•
Analyze the processes and developments that led to the South Atlantic System, as well
as effects to each continent that it involved.
•
Analyze several ways in which the Print Revolution and the Enlightenment affected
thought and culture in the colonies.
•
Evaluate what the Great Awakening demonstrated about colonial society and changes
that were taking place during the 18th century.
Other Key Terms, People, Places, and Events:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bering Strait
conquistador
feudal system
caravel/astrolabe
encomiendas
casta system
joint-stock corporation
House of Burgesses
freeholds
headright system
indentured servitude
Mayflower Compact
“A City upon a Hill”
Roger Williams/Anne
Hutchinson
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Salem Witch Trials
yeoman
mercantilism
salutary neglect
Stono Rebellion
Covenant Chain
John Locke
Old Lights and New Lights
George Whitefield
Deism
Pietism
Benjamin Franklin
Two Treatises of Government (1690