Up-to-date Development of Nuclear Power in
Russia
Petr Shchedrovitskiy,
State Atomic Energy Corporation «Rosatom»
2011
Framework conditions for energy systems transformation
New industrialization of
developing nations;
digitalization of the most
developed economies
Growing use of
electricity in place of
other energy sources
and energy carriers
v
Urbanization
Resource boom and rising
demand for electricity
v
Changing resource mix for
power generation
v
Environmental challenges
and new national and
international regulations
v
Changes in infrastructure and
system of infrastructure
management
v
www.rosatom.ru
v
v
New specifications for energy
systems
Modernization of traditional
energy technologies
Development of new energy
technologies (innovation)
v
Core transformation:
“Smart energy” and
“Smart grid” as narrative of
the changes
2
Models of future energy markets
Current situation
Modernization
Innovation
«Energy Efficiency +»
«New Paradigm»
Large low carbon power
generation:
• Alternative energy
• Gas;
• Gas generation
• Clean coal.
• «Smart Grids»;
• Nuclear;
• Large scale energy storage
technologies
CCS
Centralized energy system
www.rosatom.ru
Distributed generation
3
Basic scenario for transformation of energy systems
Framework
conditions
Centralized
energy systems
“New paradigm”
Distributed generation
Energy
market
cycles
Transition period
2010
www.rosatom.ru
4
ROSATOM Business Activities
Uranium
mining
Uranium assets
Front End assets
Gas centrifuge
technology
Enrichment
SWU/ LEU sales
Fabrication
Fuel assembles sales
Machine works
Energy assets
VVER
technology
NPP construction in
Russia
NPP
operation
Electricity sales
NPP engineering
NPP construction
outside Russia
Spent Fuel
treatment
Radioactive
wastes
infrastructure
Nuclear Ice
breakers
Back end assets
www.rosatom.ru
5
5
Quick Facts about ROSATOM
24 GW
installed
nuclear
capacity in
Russia
14 reactors
under
construction
5,400 t U
attributable
production
17%
of the fuel
fabrication
market
40%
of the global
enrichment
market
www.rosatom.ru
ROSATOM Nuclear fuel cycle business
Fuel Fabrication
Uranium business
• Mining: ~5400 t
(plan for 2010)
#5 Globally
• Balance sheet of
uranium resources:
630,000 t
Enrichment
• 40% of the global
market
• #1 Globally
• HEU-LEU
(plan for 2010)
#1 Globally
• 17% of the global
market
• Every 6th power
reactor in the world
loads ROSATOM
fuel
• Supplies for
almost all VVER
reactors
Spent Nuclear Fuel
Storage and
Reprocessing
• Storage and
reprocessing of the
research reactors
fuel
• Geological storage
Nuclear fuel cycle
Uranium mining
projects and
agreements outside
Russia:
• Kazakhstan
• Mongolia
• Namibia
• South Africa
• Australia
www.rosatom.ru
International
Projects
• Project of
International
Enrichment Center
(IEC) in Angarsk,
Russia
R&D and production
projects of new fuel
types
• MOX
• High-Density Fuel
• Fuel assemblies
for PWRs
Spent Nuclear Fuel
Storage and
Reprocessing
• Closed fuel cycle
• SNF dry
reprocessing
• Waste final
disposition
7
Energy business: ROSATOM Nuclear Fleet in Russia
Kola NPP: 4xVVER 440
Voronezh NPP: 4xVVER 440
+ 1xVVER 1000
Balakovo NPP: 4xVVER 1000
Kalinin NPP: 3xVVER 1000
Rostov NPP: 2 xVVER 1000
Leningrad NPP: 4xRBMK
Kursk NPP: 4xRBMK
Smolensk NPP: 3xRBMK
Beloyarsk NPP: 1xBN 600
www.rosatom.ru
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Energy business: new NPP projects in Russia (Current Status)
Sites explored, licenses for construction
obtained.
Actual timing and sequences of further
works would depend on economic recovery
in the country
• Central NPP
• Nizhny NPP
• Seversk NPP
• South Urals NPP
• Tver NPP
www.rosatom.ru
Leningrad
2-3
Baltic 2
Leningrad
2-4
Nizhegorod 3
Baltic 1
Beloyarsk 4
2011
Rostov 4
2010
Leningrad
2-2
2009
Rostov 3
2008
Leningrad
2-1
2007
Voronezh 2-1
2006
Kalinin 4
Rostov 2
ROSTOV 2
2009 – first criticality
2010 – connected to grid,
gradual increase of power
-Voronezh 2-2
Total of 10 units
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
9
Energy business: ROSATOM in Nuclear Generation,
Today and Tomorrow
Global Nuclear Capacity:
#2 Globally
GW
EDF
27
31
25.2
63
ROSATOM
EXELON
Rise of ROSATOM Nuclear
Capacity, GW
33
24
18
ROSATOM
Long-Term
Development
Program
Production: #1 in Russia,
#2 in NPP Generation Globally
TWh (2009)
163.3
ROSATOM
RUSHYDRO
2011
2012
2014
2015
Rise of ROSATOM Production,
TWh
234.4
163.3
80.1
MOSENERGO 61.7
2009
www.rosatom.ru
2015
10
10
Nuclear systems engineering:
ROSATOM Nuclear Technologies in the World
#1 in construction of new NPPs globally
3 new NPPs under construction outside
of Russia
Finland
Slovakia
Czech republic
Hungary
Bulgaria
Belorussia
Ukraine
Каzakhstan
Armenia
Turkey
Morocco
Libya
Jordan
China
Iran
Egypt
India
52 units of Russian design built outside
Russia, 36 units are operational in 8
countries.
Finalized in 2010
Reactors under
construction
www.rosatom.ru
Vietnam
Extended offer in Asia:
India (up to 12 units on
three sites)
China: further units on
Tianwan site (3&4 )
Vietnam: first NPP in
South-East Asia
Agreements and negotiations
11
Nuclear systems engineering: VVER-TOI
Informatization
3D Engineering
technologies
6D Construction
technologies
Characteristics:
Diagnostics of VVER
2009 technology as businessproduct
2011
VVER 1000 TOI
as technology
2012
VVER 1000 TOI as
business product
Technology
modernization
www.rosatom.ru
• 60 years of operation;
• Power capacity:1100-1200 MW;
• 40 +6 months of construction;
• Lowering time of construction
and number of specialists
involved;
• IT platforms for continuous
improvement of the core VVER
design;
• Supplier Relationship
Management system to optimize
procurement costs.
12
Nuclear systems engineering: Fast Reactors (FR)
New Technology Platform
Demonstration of
technology of
MOX-fuel
processing for
BN FRs
Experience:
27 years of
BN-600
commercial
operation
R&D on
nitride fuel
R&D on FR
with heavy
metal
coolants
Technology of wet waste
storage
Facility for
MOX-fuel
fabrication for
FRs
• 2014: selection of
technological design
for future FRs
• 2014-2015: Start of
BN-800 FR operation
Project of
commercial
energy FR
reactor
prototype
(BN-P4)
R&D on dry spent nuclear fuel
reprocessing; technologies of МА
Pilot industrial facility
for nitride fuel
fabrication
Construction
of MBIR
Materials Test
Reactors
Construction
of NPP with
SVBR-100 FR
Waste final
disposition
and U-Th cycle transmutation
www.rosatom.ru
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Fast Reactors (FRs) can provide solutions for many
hard questions of global energy markets
Fast
Reactors
Lowering
costs of
generation
Energy poverty
and rising global
energy bills
www.rosatom.ru
Serial
Production
Rise of
demand
Various
power levels
Diversification
of demand
• Extensive
resource base;
• Resource
multiplication
when fast
reactors are
used
Resources
Security and
guarantees
of supplies;
Nonprolifiration
Energy
Security
• Carbon free
generation;
• Easing of
ecology concerns
for closed
nuclear fuel cycle
Ecology
14
Nuclear systems engineering: Fusion technology
Nuclear research:
• Basic research on fusion
GNC RF TRINITI
Impulse Thermonuclear Facility “Angara-5-1”
Fusion facility “TSP”
Tokamak with strong magnetic field
“Tokomak T-11M” Facility
Fusion Research and experiments in support of Russian part of ITER
Project”
ITER
Russian Participation: ~10% of obligations in form of high-tech equipment
www.rosatom.ru
• Detectors
• Surface Strengthening
• Data bases
Nuclear Fusion Technologies
to be developed:
• Tritium System
• Pellet injection system
• Remote control and hot cells
• Breeding blanket
• Plasma technologies
• Neutral beam system
ITER:
• 2030 - Demonstration facility
(DEMO)
• 2050 - Engineering and
construction of Industrial
Fusion Facility;
Final experiments of fusion
generation technologies.
15
Development of «Rosatom» Technology Platforms
in Nuclear Power Generation
Nuclear Fusion Technologies
New Technology Platform
Modernization of thermal reactors
Optimization and innovation
3D and 6D
technologies:
reduction of
costs and time
of NPP
construction,
design
optimization
More efficient
fuel use
New Reactors
Capacities
Safety
improvement and
life-time extension
New technologies
of SNF
reprocessing
Fast reactors
technologies
Fuel cycle
technologies
Lead
High density
fuel
МОХ fuel
Lead-bismuth
SNF dry
reprocessing
Sodium
Waste final
disposition
Codes
Materials
Research in
Russia
ITER
Fusion R&D
Detectors
Energy
conversion
Surface
Strengthening
Data bases
New Energy Technologies
Superconductivity Technologies
Materials for
accumulators
and generation
systems
Smart systems
Products for New Markets Niches
1 MW Reactor
www.rosatom.ru
VTGR
High-Temperature
Gas Cooled Reactors
16
New energy technologies of ROSATOM
Energy Transmission
High-Temperature
Superconductive Cables
Energy Storage
SPIN
Generation and Grid Projects
www.rosatom.ru
Superconductive
Flywheels
R&D on small power
generation from fuel cells,
plasma-dust energy
conversion modules, etc.
Li-Ion
accumulators
«Smart towns» and
Smart Grid Systems
Projects
17
ROSATOM Technology platforms on future markets
VVER
VVER-TOI
• Alternative generation technologies;
• Superconductivity technologies;
• Smart systems
• 1 MW reactor
Centralized
energy systems
“New paradigm”
Distributed
generation
New Technology Platform
(FR and closed fuel cycle)
Transition period
2010
www.rosatom.ru
18