Vocabulary (People’s Republic of China) An economic system in which the central government controls industry such that it makes major decisions regarding the production and distribution of goods and services. Something new or different introduced. The total knowledge and skills available to any human society for industry, art, science, etc. Is a national economic policy that says that a nation benefits by accumulating monetary reserves through a positive balance of trade, especially of finished goods. Is loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole. Occurs whenever any one or more species populate an area.