Name:________________
Date:_________________
Class:_________________
Note Taking Guide
Nutrition
Topic #3040
Ashlee Gibson
What is a nutrient?
• A substance that is necessary for an organism to live and grow
• Nutritional requirements depend on:
– ________________________________
– Stage of development
– Environmental conditions
– _____________________________________
– Genetic make-up
What is the most important nutrient?
• _________________________________________
• Function
– ______________________________________
– Chemical reactions
– _______________________________________
– ________________________________________
Carbohydrates
• Compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Examples include
starches and sugars.
– ___________________________________________________
• They form about 75% of all dry matter in plants.
• They are the ___________________________ in animal feed.
Types of Carbohydrates
• __________________________________
– Grain, root crops, other plant materials
• ____________________________________
– Simple sugars (monosaccharides)
– Double sugars (disaccharides)
– Milk and fruit
• _________________________________________________
– Plant cell walls and cellulose
– Fermented by bacteria in foregut of ruminant and hind gut fermentors
(require in their diet)
Lipids (fats)
• Aids in the absorption of vitamin A (and other fat soluble vitamins) from food and
especially of carotene.
• _____________________________________________________________
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Increases the palatability of a ration.
Increases the production energy of the ration.
Is found as a component in every cell in the body.
_______________________________________________________________
THINK QUESTION
More energy in fats so why not feed more fat than carbohydrates?
________________________________________________________________________
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– ____________________________________________________________
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Protein
Protein needed for
– ________________________________________________________
– ________________________________________________________
– Fetal Growth
– Extra protein is broken down for body energy
Made Up of Amino Acids
Protein is EXPENSIVE
Amino Acids
Amino acid requirements of animals depends on:
– The kind of animal.
– Body functions of the animal:
• age
• work
• lactation
• fetal growth
When feeding protein:
• _________________________________________________________
• The quality of protein.
• ____________________________________________________________
Ruminants vs Non-Runinants Protein
Ruminants can make essential amino acids
•
Done by rumen bacteria
• _________________________________________________
Urea
• _______________________________________________________________
• Protein substitute
– Source of nitrogen of rumen organisms to produce bacteria
• ________________________________________________________________
Location of Protein in feed material
• The "germ" is the part of the grain kernel which usually contains available
protein.
___________________________________________________
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Vitamins job in the body:
– regulate body functions
– keep body healthy
– develop resistance to disease
_________________________________________________________
Fat Soluble- stored in fat
– ________________________________________________
• Vitamin K is produced in animal’s intestinal tract
• Vitamin D is produced from the sun
• _________________________________________________________
– Need to be consumed everyday
– B,C
Minerals
• Macrominerals
– ___________________________________________
– Calcium- causes bones and teeth to form properly
– _______________________________- key ingredient in the body’s use of
protein
– Iron- makes hemoglobin in red blood cells
– Iodine– ______________________________- lack causes muscle tremors and
shakes
– Sodium and potassium- water balance, transfer nutrients and waste
through the cell membrane
• _____________________________________
– Need in small amounts