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Note Taking Guide
Nutrition
Topic #3040
Ashlee Gibson
What is a nutrient?
• A substance that is necessary for an organism to live and grow
• Nutritional requirements depend on:
– Age
– Stage of development
– Environmental conditions
– Activity
– Genetic make-up
What is the most important nutrient?
• Water
• Function
– Temperature regulation
– Chemical reactions
– Transport
– Gives body form
Carbohydrates
• Compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Examples include
starches and sugars.
– Energy from the breaking of bonds
• They form about 75% of all dry matter in plants.
• They are the CHIEF SOURCE OF ENERGY in animal feed.
Types of Carbohydrates
• Starches
– Grain, root crops, other plant materials
• Sugars
– Simple sugars (monosaccharides)
– Double sugars (disaccharides)
– Milk and fruit
• Fiber
– Plant cell walls and cellulose
– Fermented by bacteria in foregut of ruminant and hind gut fermentors
(require in their diet)
Lipids (fats)
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Aids in the absorption of vitamin A (and other fat soluble vitamins) from food and
especially of carotene.
Helps in the absorption of calcium.
Increases the palatability of a ration.
Increases the production energy of the ration.
Is found as a component in every cell in the body.
2.25 times more energy than carbohydrates
THINK QUESTION
More energy in fats so why not feed more fat than carbohydrates?
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Protein
Protein needed for
– Cell construction
– Muscle formation and maintenance
– Fetal Growth
– Extra protein is broken down for body energy
Made Up of Amino Acids
Protein is EXPENSIVE
Amino Acids
Amino acid requirements of animals depends on:
– The kind of animal.
– Body functions of the animal:
• age
• work
• lactation
• fetal growth
When feeding protein:
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The amount of protein.
The quality of protein.
The compliment of amino acids in proteins
Ruminants vs Non-Runinants Protein
Ruminants can make essential amino acids
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Done by rumen bacteria
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from simple forms of nitrogen
Urea
• Only used for Ruminants
• Protein substitute
– Source of nitrogen of rumen organisms to produce bacteria
• Used only in small amounts
Location of Protein in feed material
• The "germ" is the part of the grain kernel which usually contains available
protein.
Vitamin
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Vitamins job in the body:
– regulate body functions
– keep body healthy
– develop resistance to disease
Do not provide body with energy
Fat Soluble- stored in fat
– A,D,E,K
• Vitamin K is produced in animal’s intestinal tract
• Vitamin D is produced from the sun
• Water Soluble- dissolved by water
– Need to be consumed everyday
– B,C
Minerals
• Macrominerals
– Need in large amounts
– Calcium- causes bones and teeth to form properly
– Phosphorus- key ingredient in the body’s use of protein
– Iron- makes hemoglobin in red blood cells
– Iodine– Magnesium- lack causes muscle tremors and shakes
– Sodium and potassium- water balance, transfer nutrients and waste
through the cell membrane
• Microminerals
– Need in small amounts