HCC 1301 Unit I Study Guide
Topic A: The Nature of History
the primary purposes of studying history
the forces of history
the processes historians use to produce history
the stages of human societies—bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states
primary source
secondary source
multiple causation
climate of opinion
present mindedness
selectivity
frame of reference
Topic B: The New World and the Old: European Antecedents & the Columbian Exchange (the 15th and 16th centuries)
the predominance of ethnocentric views among Europeans, Africans, and Indians
major developments in European society in the 15 th century
the importance of the Atlantic world and the causes for European imperialism
the significance of *Protestantism and the *Reformation
the stages of colonization—seafaring, conquering, and planting
*mercantilism
*imperialism
nationalism
*the Columbian exchange
the conquistadores
the Spanish Armada
the English Sea Dogs
the Protestant Reformation
the Presbyterian Church
the Tudors:
Henry VIII
Elizabeth I
hierarchy
aristocracy
the established church
the Roman Catholic Church
the Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
nation states
the Act of Supremacy, 1534
the Lutheran Church
Philip II
Martin Luther
John Calvin
“No Bishop, no King, no nobility.”
dynasty
*Calvinism
sphere of influence
predestination
divine right of kings
Calvinism
the Anglican Church
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand and Isabella
Johann Gutenberg
“a priesthood of all believers”
* colonization
Catharine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
“the elect”
* “predestination”
“All Europeans looked like ugly sea monsters.” “You are really a human being but as white as the devil.”
Topic 1: Colonial America: British Folkways Form the Cultural Foundation (the 17th century)
how North America was divided between European powers and their different approaches to colonization
the significance of geography and religion in the founding and settlement of the British colonies
relationships between the Europeans and native Americans (Indians)
the patterns of economic development among the British colonies and their relationship to geography
significant folkways among the four major British cultures and the conflicts among colonial cultures
key events in the founding of the colonies, especially Virginia and Massachusetts Bay
common characteristics of the British colonies
labor systems used in the New World & origins of African slavery
essential ideas in Calvinism
essential characteristics of American Protestantism
patriarchy
localism
culture
joint stock company
Calvinism
the English common law
savages/Noble Savage
vacuum domicilium
the backcountry
Bacon’s Rebellion
theocracy
enclave
evangelism
revivalism
the West Indies
entailment
the rights of Englishmen
primogeniture
*planters
*yeomen
folkways
oligarchy deference
pluralism
the Puritans
the Virginians (Cavaliers)
the Quakers (Friends)
the Scots-Irish
Jamestown
the Pennsylvania Dutch (Germans)
Massachusetts Bay
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chattel slavery
headrights
gentry
American exceptionalism
*indentured servitude
the House of Burgesses
Puritanism
slave codes
the Congregational Church
rule by law
*the Middle Passage
the frontier
gentlemen
clans
proprietors
John Smith
James Oglethorpe
Nathaniel Bacon
the seasoning
widow’s portion
colonial militias
sense of mission
the colonial assemblies
femme covert
seed towns
the Stono Revolt
“liquid highways”
the rights of Englishmen
redemptioners
Barbados
boom town
lex talonis
ordered unity
William Penn
Anne Hutchinson
Gottlieb Mittelberger
Sir William Berkeley
John Rolfe
Opechancanough
dependents
squatters
New England
the Carolinas
the Middle Colonies
Georgia
King Philip’s War
justice of the peace
the Chesapeake
the Virginia Company of London
*land grant or charters
plantation system
Society of Friends
social peace
*covenant
John Winthrop
Powhatan
Roger Williams
King James I
Metacomet (King Philip)
The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles, 1624
“born again”
“the widow’s portion”
“the preservation and good of the whole”
“I am an aristocrat. I love liberty; I hate equality.”
“the Inner Light”
“Life is not so important as the duties of life.”
“he for God only, she for God in him”
“an empire built on smoke”
“We shall be . . . as a Citty upon a Hill”
“a blueprint in their minds”
“the starving time”
“the middling sorts”
a “holy experiment”
“a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, (and) dangerous to the lungs”
“Life is nasty, brutish, and short.”
“English America was a corporation before it was a country.”
“the laws of God and nature, that so much land should be idle, while so many Christians wanted it to labor on, and to raise their
bread.”
“foul traders”
“the flock of Cain.”
“Ignorant, mean, worthless, beggarly Irish Presbyterians,”
“Early America was an open country dotted with closed enclaves”
“wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world.”
Topic 2: The Political Foundation—Evolution and Revolution (the 18th century)
political changes in British politics in the 17th century
intellectual and religious trends in the 18th century that contributed to the American Revolution
changes in colonial population and settlement patterns
economic development of the British colonies and their patterns of trade and consumption in the 18th century
causes for the British imperial crisis & their resulting policies in the 1760’s and 1770’s
American reactions to the new British policies and the `essential issues that contributed to the American Revolution
critical events during the American Revolutionary War
conditions contributing to localism and nationalism
the political philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence
exceptionalism
sovereignty
constitutionalism liberalism radicalism conspiracy propaganda * liberty
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*the Enlightenment
Pontiac’s Rebellion
*the Great Awakening
the consumer revolution
Old and New Lights
sovereignty
natural rights
*virtual v. actual representation
the social contract
empirical knowledge
the English Civil War
public virtue
the Sons of Liberty
the Commonwealth of England
the Continental Army
Valley Forge
the Loyalists (Tories)
vice-admiralty courts
the Patriots
the Northwest Territory
the Treaty of Paris, 1763
field preaching
the Glorious Revolution
Land Ordinances, 1785 & 1787
non importation agreements & boycotts
committees of correspondence & circular letters
the First and Second Continental Congresses
the French & Indian (7 Years) War
Sir Isaac Newton
Benjamin Franklin
George Washington
Oliver Cromwell
the Stuarts:
George Whitefield
John Locke
Jonathan Edwards
William and Mary
James I
Declaration of Independence, 1776
“little Parliaments”
Thomas Paine
Thomas Jefferson
George III
Charles I
Common Sense, 1776
Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690
Charles II
James II
the Articles of Confederation, 1777
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, 1634
“common Herd of Mankind”
“We have it in our power to begin the world over”`
the Proclamation Line, 1763
the Stamp Act, 1765
the British imperial crisis
republic
public debt
limited government
the Paxton Boys
the Regulators
battles of:
Lexington & Concord
Saratoga
Yorktown
“born again”
*frontier
*Navigation Acts
“the grazing multitude”
“unthinking populace”
“no taxation without representation”
“these United States”
“Don’t tell me you are a Baptist, an Independent, a Presbyterian, a dissenter, tell me you are a Christian, that is all I want.”
“in general the dirtiest, the most contemptible, cowardly dogs that you can conceive.”
“Land fever infected all levels of society.”
“greater Barbarians than the Indians”
“battalions, officers, and all.”
“salutary neglect”
“Europe, not England, is the parent country of America. This new world has been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of
civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe.”
“Those who give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.”
“We must indeed all hang together, or most assuredly, we shall all hang separately.”
“In monarchies, favor is the source of preferment, but in our new form of government, no one can command the suffrages of the
people unless by his superior merit and capacity.”
“the principal difference between one people and another proceeds only from the differing opportunities of improvement
“White, Red, or Black: polished or unpolished, Men are Men.”
“Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
“Society is produced by wants and government by our wickedness.” “Society ‘encourages intercourse,” gpvernment ‘creates
distinctions.”
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