HCC 1301 Unit I Study Guide
Topic A: The Nature of History
the primary purposes of studying history
the forces of history
the processes historians use to produce history
the stages of human societies—bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states
primary source
multiple causation
present mindedness
frame of reference
secondary source
climate of opinion
selectivity
objectivity
Topic B: The New World and the Old: European Antecedents & the Columbian Exchange (the 15th and 16th centuries)
the evolution of human social and political organization
the predominance of ethnocentric views among Europeans, Africans, and Indians
major developments in European society in the 15 th century
the importance of the Atlantic world and the causes for European imperialism
the significance of *Protestantism and the *Reformation
the stages of colonization—seafaring, conquering, and planting
essential ideas in Calvinism
*mercantilism
*imperialism
feudalism
*the Columbian exchange
the conquistadores
the Spanish Armada
the English Sea Dogs
the Protestant Reformation
the Presbyterian Church
encomiendas
the Tudors:
Henry VIII
Elizabeth I
hierarchy
aristocracy
dynasty
the established church
the Roman Catholic Church
the Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
nation states
the Act of Supremacy, 1534
the Lutheran Church
peninsulares, creoles, & mestizos
Philip II
Martin Luther
John Calvin
“No Bishop, no King, no nobility.”
sphere of influence
predestination
divine right of kings
Calvinism
the Anglican Church
serf/peasant
hunter-gatherers bands
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand and Isabella
Johann Gutenberg
“a priesthood of all believers”
* colonization
*Calvinism
tribes
chiefdoms
tribute
nobility
communal
New Spain
Catharine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
“the elect”
* “predestination”
“All Europeans looked like ugly sea monsters.” “You are really a human being but as white as the devil.”
“Indians ‘are incapable of learning . . . (They) are more stupid than asses and refuse to improve in anything.”
Topic 1: The Anglo-Atlantic World: British Folkways Form the Cultural Foundation (the 17th -18th centuries)
how North America was divided between European powers and their different approaches to colonization
the significance of geography and religion in the founding and settlement of the British colonies
relationships between the Europeans and native Americans (Indians)
the patterns of economic development among the British colonies and their relationship to geography
significant folkways among the four major British cultures and the conflicts among colonial cultures
key events in the founding of the colonies, especially Virginia and Massachusetts Bay
dominant characteristics of the British colonies
labor systems used in the New World & origins of African slavery
essential characteristics of American Protestantism
patriarchy
localism
*culture
paternalism market capitalism
nativism
acquisitiveness
theocracy
capital
litigiousness
enclave
commodity
*evangelism
folkways
oligarchy deference
materialism individualism *covenant
*indentured servitude/redemptioners
wage labor
utopia
pluralism
secularism
exploitation
*liberty
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joint stock company
Calvinism
the English common law
savages/Noble Savage
vacuum domicilium
the backcountry
Bacon’s Rebellion
chattel slavery
headrights
gentry
American exceptionalism
the colonial assemblies
the House of Burgesses
Bermuda
slave codes
the Congregational Church
rule by law
*the Middle Passage
*the frontier
gentlemen
clans
proprietors
creole
nuclear family
New Amsterdam
John Smith
James Oglethorpe
Nathaniel Bacon
revivalism
the West Indies
entailment
the rights of Englishmen
primogeniture
*planters
*yeomen
the seasoning
widow’s portion
militias (citizen soldier)
sense of mission
the Middle Colonies
femme covert
seed towns
the Stono Revolt
“liquid highways”
clericalism
redemptioners
Barbados
boom town
lex talonis
ordered unity
malaria and yellow fever
kinship networks
the Restoration colonies
William Penn
Anne Hutchinson
Gottlieb Mittelberger
the Puritans
the Virginians (Cavaliers)
the Quakers (Society of Friends)
the Scots-Irish and Scots
Jamestown
the Pennsylvania Dutch (Germans)
Massachusetts Bay
dependents/independents
squatters
New England
the Carolinas
the Anglo-Dutch War, 1664
Georgia
King Philip’s War, 1675
justice of the peace
the Chesapeake
the Virginia Company of London
*land grant or charters
plantation system
county and parish
social peace
Northern Ireland (Ulster)
subsistence farming
extractive industries
the Garden of Eden
Sir William Berkeley
John Rolfe
Opechancanough
John Winthrop
Roger Williams
John White
Powhatan
King James I
Olaudah Equiano
The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles, 1624
“born again”
“the widow’s portion”
“the preservation and good of the whole”
“I am an aristocrat. I love liberty; I hate equality.”
“the Inner Light”
“Life is not so important as the duties of life.”
“he for God only, she for God in him”
“an empire built on smoke”
“We shall be . . . as a Citty upon a Hill”
“a blueprint in their minds”
“the starving time”
“the middling sorts”
a “holy experiment”
“a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, (and) dangerous to the lungs”
“Life is nasty, brutish, and short.”
“English America was a corporation before it was a country.”
“the laws of God and nature, that so much land should be idle, while so many Christians wanted it to labor on, and to raise their
bread.”
“foul traders”
“the flock of Cain.”
“Ignorant, mean, worthless, beggarly Irish Presbyterians,”
“Early America was an open country dotted with closed enclaves”
“the best poor Man’s Country in the World”
Topic 2: The Political Foundation—Evolution and Revolution (the 18th century)
political changes in British politics in the 17th century
intellectual and religious trends in the 18th century that contributed to the American Revolution
changes in colonial population and settlement patterns
economic development of the British colonies and their patterns of trade and consumption in the 18th century
causes for the British imperial crisis & their resulting policies in the 1760’s and 1770’s
American reactions to the new British policies and the `essential issues that contributed to the American Revolution
critical events during the American Revolutionary War
conditions contributing to localism and nationalism
the political philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence
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exceptionalism
sovereignty
constitutionalism liberalism radicalism conspiracy propaganda * liberty conservatism
*the Enlightenment
Pontiac’s Rebellion
*the Great Awakening
the consumer revolution
Old and New Lights
sovereignty
natural rights
*virtual v. actual representation
the social contract
empirical knowledge
the English Civil War
public virtue
the Sons of Liberty
the Commonwealth of England
the Continental Army
Valley Forge
the Loyalists (Tories)
vice-admiralty courts
the Patriots
the Northwest Territory
the Treaty of Paris, 1763
field preaching
the Glorious Revolution
Land Ordinances, 1785 & 1787
non importation agreements & boycotts
committees of correspondence & circular letters
the First and Second Continental Congresses
the French & Indian (7 Years) War
Sir Isaac Newton
Benjamin Franklin
George Washington
Oliver Cromwell
the Stuarts:
George Whitefield
John Locke
Jonathan Edwards
William and Mary
James I
Declaration of Independence, 1776
“little Parliaments”
Thomas Paine
Thomas Jefferson
George III
Charles I
Common Sense, 1776
Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690
Charles II
James II
the Articles of Confederation, 1777
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, 1634
“common Herd of Mankind”
“We have it in our power to begin the world over”`
the Proclamation Line, 1763
the Stamp Act, 1765
the British imperial crisis
republic
public debt
limited government
the Paxton Boys
the Regulators
battles of:
Lexington & Concord
Saratoga
Yorktown
“born again”
*frontier
*Navigation Acts
counties & county court houses
“the grazing multitude”
“unthinking populace”
“no taxation without representation”
“these United States”
“Don’t tell me you are a Baptist, an Independent, a Presbyterian, a dissenter, tell me you are a Christian, that is all I want.”
“in general the dirtiest, the most contemptible, cowardly dogs that you can conceive.”
“Land fever infected all levels of society.”
“greater Barbarians than the Indians”
“battalions, officers, and all.”
“salutary neglect”
“Europe, not England, is the parent country of America. This new world has been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of
civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe.”
“Those who give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.”
“We must indeed all hang together, or most assuredly, we shall all hang separately.”
“In monarchies, favor is the source of preferment, but in our new form of government, no one can command the suffrages of the
people unless by his superior merit and capacity.”
“the principal difference between one people and another proceeds only from the differing opportunities of improvement
“White, Red, or Black: polished or unpolished, Men are Men.”
“Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
“Society is produced by wants and government by our wickedness.” “Society ‘encourages intercourse,” gpvernment ‘creates
distinctions.”
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