HCC 1301 Unit I Study Guide
Topic A: The Nature of History
the primary purposes of studying history
the forces of history
the processes historians use to produce history
primary source
secondary source
multiple causation
climate of opinion
present mindedness
selectivity
frame of reference
Topic B: The New World and the Old: European Antecedents & the Columbian Exchange (the 15th and 16th centuries)
major developments in European society in the 15th century
causes for European imperialism
mercantilism
imperialism
the Columbian exchange
the conquistadores
the Spanish Armada
the English Sea Dogs
the Protestant Reformation
the Presbyterian Church
the Tudors:
Henry VIII
Elizabeth I
nationalism
aristocracy
dynasty
the established church
the Roman Catholic Church
the Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
nation states
the Act of Supremacy, 1534
the Lutheran Church
Philip II
Martin Luther
John Calvin
“No Bishop, no King, no nobility.”
colonialism
sphere of influence
predestination
divine right of kings
Calvinism
the Anglican Church
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand and Isabella
Johann Gutenberg
“a priesthood of all believers”
Catharine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
“the elect”
Topic 1: Colonial America: British Folkways Form the Cultural Foundation (the 17th century)
how North America was divided between European powers and their different approaches to colonization
the significance of geography and religion in the founding and settlement of the British colonies
relationships between the Europeans and native Americans (Indians)
the patterns of economic development among the British colonies and their relationship to geography
significant folkways among the four major British cultures and the conflicts among colonial cultures
key events in the founding of the colonies, especially Virginia and Massachusetts Bay
common characteristics of the British colonies
labor systems used in the New World & origins of African slavery
essential ideas in Calvinism
essential characteristics of American Protestantism
patriarchy
hierarchy
localism
joint stock company
Calvinism
the Congregational Church
savages/Noble Savage
vacuum domicilium
the backcountry
Bacon’s Rebellion
chattel slavery
headrights
gentry
the Protestant work ethic
indentured servitude
the House of Burgesses
Puritanism
culture
theocracy
revivalism
original sin
the English common law
the rights of Englishmen
primogeniture
predestination
yeomen
entailment
widow’s portion
militia
sense of mission
the colonial assemblies
femme covert
the Cavaliers
enclave
evangelism
folkways
oligarchy
deference
the Puritans
the Virginians (Cavaliers)
the Quakers (Friends)
the Scotch-Irish (Scots-Irish)
Jamestown
the Pennsylvania Dutch (Germans)
Massachusetts Bay
dependents
squatters
New England
the Carolinas
the Middle Colonies
Georgia
King Philip’s War
black codes
the Congregational Church
rule by law
proprietors
gentlemen
clans
Lynch’s Law
ordered unity
the General Court
the Moravians
John Smith
James Oglethorpe
Nathaniel Bacon
“born again”
the Stono Revolt
“liquid highways”
the rights of Englishmen
the Virginia Company
boom town
lex talonis
influence or interest
plantation system
covenant
localism
William Penn
Jonathan Edwards
Gottlieb Mittelberger
“the widow’s portion”
Sir William Berkeley
Anne Hutchinson
Opechancanough
justice of the peace
the Chesapeake
the English common law
charters
Society of Friends
social peace
natural liberty
seed towns
collective obligations
John Winthrop
John Rolfe
Metacom (King Philip)
“the preservation and good of the whole”
“I am an aristocrat. I love liberty; I hate equality.”
Powhatan
Roger Williams
King James I
“the Inner Light”
“Life is not so important as the duties of life.”
“he for God only, she for God in him”
“an empire built on smoke”
“the starving time”
“We shall be . . . as a Citty upon a Hill”
“Forced worship stinks in God’s nostrils.”
“a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, (and) dangerous to the lungs”
“a blueprint in their minds”
a “holy experiment”
“Life is nasty, brutish, and short.”
“English America was a corporation before it was a country.”
“the laws of God and nature, that so much land should be idle, while so many Christians wanted it to labor on, and to raise their
bread.”
“inflict such corporal punishment on him or them, as to us shall seem adequate to the crime committed or the damage sustained.”
The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles, 1624
“foul traders”
“the flock of Cain.”
Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts, 1648
“Ignorant, mean, worthless, beggarly Irish Presbyterians,”
“the most lowest vilest Crew breathing.”
“Early America was an open country dotted with closed enclaves”
“wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world.”
Topic 2: The Political Foundation—Evolution and Revolution (the 18th century)
political changes in British politics in the 17th century
intellectual and religious trends in the 18th century that contributed to the American Revolution
changes in colonial population and settlement patterns
economic development of the British colonies and their patterns of trade and consumption in the 18 th century
causes for the British imperial crisis & their resulting policies in the 1760’s and 1770’s
American reactions to the new British policies and the `essential issues that contributed to the American Revolution
critical events during the American Revolutionary War
conditions contributing to localism and nationalism
the political philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence
exceptionalism
sovereignty
the Enlightenment
the Great Awakening
Old and New Lights
natural rights
the social contract
constitutionalism liberalism radicalism conspiracy propaganda
Pontiac’s Rebellion
the consumer revolution
sovereignty
virtual v. actual representation
empirical knowledge
the Proclamation Line, 1763
the Stamp Act, 1765
the British imperial crisis
republic
the English Civil War
public virtue
the Sons of Liberty
the Commonwealth of England
the Continental Army
Valley Forge
the Loyalists (Tories)
vice-admiralty courts
the Patriots
the Northwest Territory
the Treaty of Paris, 1763
field preaching
the Glorious Revolution
Land Ordinances, 1785 & 1787
non importation agreements & boycotts
committees of correspondence & circular letters
the First and Second Continental Congresses
the French & Indian (7 Years) War
Sir Isaac Newton
Benjamin Franklin
George Washington
Oliver Cromwell
the Stuarts:
George Whitefield
John Locke
Jonathan Edwards
William and Mary
James I
Declaration of Independence, 1776
Thomas Paine
Thomas Jefferson
George III
Charles I
Charles II
Common Sense, 1776
Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690
“little Parliaments”
public debt
limited government
the Paxton Boys
the Regulators
battles of:
Lexington & Concord
Saratoga
Yorktown
“born again”
the Articles of Confederation, 1777
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, 1634
“common Herd of Mankind”
“We have it in our power to begin the world over”`
James II
“the grazing multitude”
“unthinking populace”
“no taxation without representation”
“these United States”
“Don’t tell me you are a Baptist, an Independent, a Presbyterian, a dissenter, tell me you are a Christian, that is all I want.”
“in general the dirtiest, the most contemptible, cowardly dogs that you can conceive.”
“Land fever infected all levels of society.”
“greater Barbarians than the Indians”
“battalions, officers, and all.”
“salutary neglect”
“Europe, not England, is the parent country of America. This new world has been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of
civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe.”
“Those who give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.”
“We must indeed all hang together, or most assuredly, we shall all hang separately.”
“In monarchies, favor is the source of preferment, but in our new form of government, no one can command the suffrages of the
people unless by his superior merit and capacity.”
“the principal difference between one people and another proceeds only from the differing opportunities of improvement
“White, Red, or Black: polished or unpolished, Men are Men.”
“Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
“Society is produced by wants and government by our wickedness.” “Society ‘encourages intercourse,” gpvernment ‘creates
distinctions.”
The Nation Takes Shape: The Early Republic (1780’s-1800)
federalism
elitism
pragmatism
ideology
laissez faire
agrarianism
partisanship
factions
consolidation nullification
the policies of the Jefferson administration
the growth of nationalism and the War of 1812
the major difference in the two constitutions, the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution
the effects of the American Revolution on American society
the appearance of political parties and the two competing party ideologies and visions of the Federalists and the Republicans
the financial policies of Alexander Hamilton and the opposition to these policies
the influence of George Washington on the young United States and the precedents for the executive branch he established
foreign policy under the Washington and Adams administrations and the related domestic political conflicts
separation of power
the U.S. Constitution
the Bill of Rights
Shay’s Rebellion
the 3/5ths compromise
the 1790 U.S. Census
the “necessary and proper” clause
the Burr conspiracy
slave revolt in Saint Dominque
the Genet Affair
the Judiciary Act of 1789
the Newburgh conspiracy
the Report on Public Credit
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
Jay’s Treaty
checks and balances
the French Revolution
the 10th and 12th Amendments
funding and assumption plans
the Bank of the United States
the Whiskey Rebellion
the XYZ Affair
the commerce clause
Washington’s Farewell Address
the electoral college
strict and broad construction
the Federalist Party
John Marshall
John Jay
Napoleon Bonaparte
Aaron Burr
James Madison
John Adams
“first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen”
“the touch of a feather would turn them any way”
self-made man
Pinckney’s Treaty
the Treaty of Ghent
the Quasi War
the “great compromise”
the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
the Proclamation of Neutrality
implied and enumerated powers
10th Amendment
the Residence Act of 1790
the Alien, and Sedition Acts
the cotton gin
Eli Whitney
Edmund Genet
James Wilkinson
“the necessary and proper” clause
‘the well-bred, the well-fed, the well-read, and the well-wed”
“The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right.”
“federal filth”
“Those who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God, if ever he had a chosen people. . . .”
“That government is best which governs the least, because its people discipline themselves.”
“every government degenerates when trusted to the rulers of the people alone. The people themselves are its only safe
depositories.”
“but it is a maxim founded on the universal experience of mankind, that no nation is to be trusted farther than it is bound by its
interest”
“Let me . . . warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party, generally.”
“The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as
little political connexion as possible. . . It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign
world. . . . But even our commercial policy should hold an equal and impartial hand. .
“dangerous to the peace and safety”
“treasonable or secret machinations against the government. . . .”
“the reign of witches”
“oppose any measure or measures of the government of the United States”
“false, scandalous and malicious writing”
“Here lies John Adams, who took it upon himself the responsibility of peace with France in the year 1800.”