I
·,.,'1. . . . .
C.M.1992/G:50
Ref.H&L
International Council for tbe
Exploration of the Sea
REPORT ON 1HE Q-GROUP FISH SURVEY IN
ICELAND AND EAST GREENIAND WA1ERS, AUG.-SEP'f. 1992
by
Jutta V. Magnlisson and Sveinn Sveinbjörnsson
Marine Research Institute Reykjavlk, Iceland
•
This paper not to be cited without prior reference to the authors.
"
,~
...
~.
1. Abstract
: This paper is .a eontinuation of annual reports on routine investigations on
hydrography and the distribution arid abundance of G-group fish in Icelandie and East
Greenland waters in August-September.
.
.
.T he 1992 indiceS of eod and haddock were very low. The eapelin G-group index
was somewhat higher than average for the last 11 years and that of redfish was
moderate. "
.'
..
2. Introduction .,
••
•
Annual surveys of the distnbution and abundance of G-group fish in the Iceland East Greenland area have been carried out since 1970. The main aim has been to
obtain a first index of the year dass strength of the most important commercial
species, Le. cod, haddock, capelin and redfish. Methods and data handling have been
described by VilhjaImsson and Fridgeirsson (1976).
. . In~992 two vessels covered the survey area as follows:
Penod
VcSsel
Bjarni Sremundsson
7.8.-28.8.
Ami Frioriksson
5.8.11.9.
Area
The Irminger Sea and E~t Greenland shelf area .
to 59"30'N and north of it. The Dohrnbank area and
the shelf area and 'adjacent waters off NW-Iceland.
The shelf area off E-, NE-, N-, and WIceland and adjacent waters.
Survey routes and stations are shown in Figure 1. Acoustic records of G-group fish
. were obtained and the density assessed by a 38 kHz Simrad EK 500 split-beam
sounder/integrator system. Species compositon as weIl as abundance was, however,
primarly assessed by trawling in the scattering layer for a set distance at a time. An
attempt to determine the target strength of G-group redfish was done by sampling
smgle echo data'while towing.
.,
.
'
.
.
.For the Q-group capelin an abundance index purely based on echo-integration was
also obtained.
Hydrographie observations were carried out on a standard grid of stations in
Icelandic waters, supplemented with XBT observations. In the East Greenland~
Irminger Sea - Dohm Bank area, XBT observations were made at approx. 40 n.m.
intervals.
. Greenland authorities kindly granied permission for carrying out the survey in
Bast Greenland waters. , .
....
.
.
Scientists in chaq~e were Jutta V. Magmlsson, Sveinn Sveinbjörnsson, J6n J6nsson,
J6n Benjamfusson, Astp6r Gfslason, Kristfn Valsd6ttir and Magmls Danfelsen. SV.A
Malmberg eompiled and eommented upan the hydrographie data.
-2-
3. Hydrography
In August 1992 tbe main features of the hydrogniphic conditions (Figs. 2-4) in tbe
Irminger Sea and in Ieelandic waters wereas follows:
.
The flow of tbe Irminger Current westwards to Greenland and into North
Icelandic waters was relatively strongly expressed by distinct high temPeratures in tbe
50 m and 100 m levels. In tbe Central Irminger Sea and south of Iceland temperatures
were unusually low including a very weak upwarming in the surfaee layer. The
boundary between tbe North Icelandic warm water and tbe cold water of tbe East
Icelandic current was located relatively far north and the temperatures east of Iceland
were also relatively high expressing tbe general favourable hydrographie conditioDs
found in Icelandic waters in 1992 as in 1991.
Drift iee was only observed in the survey area around Cape Farewell but farther
north scattered icebergs were found as usualalong the East Greenland shelf area. .
4. Distribution and abundance of O-group fish
In the Icelandie area the distribution of D-group eod, haddoek and capelin was
more or less normal. Thus, the greatest abundanee of these species were reeorded off
North- and West-Iceland. Some drift of D-group capelin was observed westwards to
the Dohm Bank area and the Irminger Sea but none of eod and haddock.
.
•
The D-group redfish were most abundant in the Central Irrninger Sea and on the
East Greenland shelf in the Fylkir Bank - Bille Bank area.
In eomparative terms the 1992 D-group index of eod was low and that of haddoek
was very low but the capelin D-group index was above average for the last 11 years.
The D-group index of redfish was moderate.
4.1. eod
.
.
The 1992 distribution and relative abundanee of D-group eod is shown iri Figure 5
and abundanee indices are given in Table 1.
. .
Table 1. Abundanee indices of D-group eod.
East Greenland
DohmBank
o
Iceland
SW
+
\V
15
N
21
E
5
Total
42
This index is comparable to the poor indices obtained in latter years. Furthermore
the mean length of the 1992 Q-group cod is the third lowest on record (Fig. 6).
•
-3'.
~~
,
t,'. ,
' ..
"
4.2. Haddock
The distnbution and relative abundance of o-group haddock is shown in Figure 7
and abundance indices in Table 2
Table 2 Abundance indices of o-group haddock
E-Greenland
DohinBank
o
•
Iceland
sw
w
+
2
N
3
E
Total
+
5
The total abundance index of the o-group haddock in 1992 is the same as in 1991
which was the third lowest on record. The average length (Fig. 6) is somewhat below
the long term mean.
4.3. Capelin
The distribution of o-group capelin is shown in Figure 8. The highest numbers
were recorded off N-Iceland and some larval drift was observed towards East
Greenland (about 9% of the total number of o-group capelin). The abundance indices
in different areas are given in Table 3. The abundance index of the o-group capelin is
above the average since 1981.
Table 3. Abundance indices of O-group capelin
•
East Greenland
DohrnBank
3
Iceland
S\V
1
\V
10
N
20
E
+
Total
35
The size of the o-group capelin was somewhat below the lang term average (Figure 9).
The acoustic abundance index of o-group capelin (Reynisson and VilhjaImsson,
1983) was about 57 which is the second highest on record. It should be noted,
bowever, that due to considerable admixture of O-group capelin and o-group sand eel
it was difficult at times, to separate the echo intensities of the two species.
The acoustic abundance indices in the period 1981-1992 are given together with
the corresponding Cpu,e indices in Table 4.
-4-
Table 4. Abundance indices of D-group capelin 1981-1992
Cpue index
Year
15.2
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
28
7.8
3.5
5.6
37.1
21.2
91.8
'33.3
24.7
40.2
56.8
29
13
22
28
33
37
14
52
40
21
54
35
4.4. Rcdnsh
In 1992, tbe area covered in tbe Irminger Sea extended from 59°N to 66°N and in
tbe soutbernmost part of the survey area from 32°W west to Cape Farewell whicb is a
slight extension of tbe area covered in 1991. Altbougb Q-group redfisb were widely
distributed in tbe Irminger Sea, tbe area witb greatest abundance was rnainly in tbe
soutbem part Le. soutb of 63CJO'N but also on tbe East Greenland sbelf in tbe Fylkir
Bank - Bille Bank area (Fig. 10). The abundance of Q-group redfish north of 63CJO'N
was ratber low especially in tbe Dohm Bank area ami, in fact, it bas not been tbat low
in August for the past ten years. The Q-group redfisb were also much less abundant in
tbe East Greenland sbelf region apart from tbe above mentioned area. Notewortby
are tbe areas witb greatest densities at tbe latitude 5goN, be~een 33°\V and 3goW.
In tbe Icelandic area. very few Q-group redfisb were observed and only in tbe W
and SW-areas. The total absence of Q-group redfisb off.N-Iceland is ratber unusual.
-.
-
The abundance index for tbe Irrninger Sea/East Greenland sbelf area was 11.6 x
106 fish per
in 1992 whicb is less tban balf of tbe 1991 index (26.4 x 106 fish per
n.rn. 2). However, in 1991, tbe index figure was exceptionally high. Compared to tbe
indices of tbe years 1981-1983 whicb were mucb lower but derived from a simiIar
coverage of tbe investigated area, the 1992 year c1ass of redfish c1assifies aS moderate.
n.m,z
Generally, Q-group redfisb were- smaller in 1992tban in -tbc preceding year (Fig.
11) sometimes considerably sm all er, e.g. in tbe Dohrn Bank area wbere tbe average
length was 14 rnm less compared to 1991-and in the Sub-area S\V Iceland it was more
than 18 rnrn Iess in August (av. Iength 36.9 mm). It is interesting to note that ()..group
redfish recorded in that particular area, in September, bad an average length of 49.3
rnrn.
•
..
·5·
.... The percentage of O-group Sebastes marbuLs in 1992 was 35.1 of a total of 6583 0group i"edfish identified to species (Magnt1sson, 1981) and thus, had decreased about
9% compared to the preceding year. Contrary to 1991, DO S. marinus were observed in
the Dohm Bank region and the relative abundance was highest in tbe Central
Irminger Sea rn.5%).. O-group S. mentella were most abundant in the southem Bast
Greenland Sub-area (94.5%). Since about two thirds of 'the total DO. of O-group
redfish identified to species were S. mentella which are usually smaller than O-group
S. marinus it might explain the lower average lengths in the Sub-areas compared to
1991. The overall Iength of S. mentella was 31.31 nun in 1992 and42.33 mm of S.
marinus, resp.
.
l~
•
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•
•
•
. " 51% of the stations .with O-group redfish catches were taken during the hours .
2000-0759 but the percentage of the total no. of redfish per n.m. trawled during that
time interval only amounted to 35 which is in agreement with tbe observation of the
preceding year when O-group citches
~eie .aISo higher during the. day time: ..
..
.
,
~
,
4.5.' Other species
In tbe O-group catcbes, in 1992, 20 other species were recorded.
'Th~ fi)" and tbe juveniles of the sand cel' spccics Alml1Odytesman'nUs and A.
tobianuswere widely distnbuted and tbey were also most abundant of
other"
an "
species. In fact, tbey bave not been tbat abundant for more tban a decade. Sand eel
were recorded at 95 stations in tbe Icelandic region mainly off N, NW and ,V. In the
Irminger Sea/East Greenland region, tbey were recorded at 15 stations mainly in the
northem part of the East Greenland shelf and in the Dohm Bank area. At several
Iocations off N and mv Iceland, tbe catch per n.m.tr. exceeded 10 ()()() specimens, tbe
tötal catch'being about 65 ()()() specimens. The Iength range of 33-159 mm(av. 68.11
rnm) ,.was wid~r in tbe Icelandic region tban in the Irminger Sea/East Greeilland
r~gion where it was 47·119 mm (av.lengtb 89.87 mm).
"
'.'
......
,i
•
~.
.
_
The distribution and abundance of O-group Grcenland halibut varies considerably
from year to year. They were abundant in 1982 and 1983 (VilhjaIrnssori &
Magmlsson,' 1982 and 1983) but few were recorded during the time when the aIlllUal
survey area was restricted to the area north of 63°30'N. However, whether this was .
. ~Used py poor year-dasses or by omitting an essential part of the distribution area of
O-group Greenland halibut (the fry is mainly distributed south of 64°N during August)
is~~~
.
O-group Greenland balibut were distributed 'over a wider area than in 1991 wben
tliey were alrriost exclusively recorded over and aIong the East Greenland shelf. In
1992, tbey were distributed on tbe East Greenland bands as weIl as offsbore and in the
Central Irininger Sea as far east as 32CZ5'\V.. Almost all of them were found sbuth of
63°N (Fig. 12). The Iength range was rather wide, 54-82 mm, the smalles specimens
being recorded south of 6<fN. The average length of 69.33 mm was similar.to tbat in
1991 (70.57 mm). In the Icelandic area, no O-group Greenland halibut were observed.
-6-
G-group long rough dab were also most numerous in the Icelandic region, in 1992,
but surprisingly scarce off Bast Greenland where tbey were only observed in the
nohm Bank region. .Off Iceland, they were recorded at 52 stations mainly off the NE
and N coasts, in a length range of 19-43 mm. The average length was 29.87 mm. .::
..
.,
~
G-group megrim which have not been recorded since 1981 were observed off,N
.
"
Iceland. tbe length range was 27-42 mm, aVe length 36.40 mm. .
ßlue ling which have appeared in the G-group catches every second year since
1986, were recorded off SW lceland as single specimens, in a length of 71-71 min. ' '
'Vhiting were even less numerous tban in the preceding year. They were observed
in the Breidafjord area and in the Faxa Bay, in a lenth range of 49-107 mm, av.75.0
mm.
E
Polar cod were recorded at 7 stations off and N\V Iceland and in the northe'm
part of the Bast Greenland/Irmiriger Sea region. The length range
22-117 mm,
aVe length 50.60 nun.
A single specimen of Grcatcr forkbcard was reeorded at
length of 78 mm.
was
5~50'N
340Z8'W in a
•
I1ke in 1991, the fivc bcarded rocJding were rather abundant. They were observed
at 10 stations in the Irminger Sea/East Greenland region and at 1 station off E
Ieeland. The length range was 28-65 mm, aVe length 45.84 mm.
G-group and juvenile herrillg whieh were absent in the 1991 catches were recorded
at 6 stations in some northern and north-westem Icelandie fjords, in a length range of
45-83 mm (av. 57.59 mm).
The abundance of young stages and adults of lumpsucker was about the same 3S
in 1991, the distribution being mainly in the northem Icelandic region, from' the
eastem
to the northwestem one. Only one adult female, length 33 ein, 'was
reeorded in the Irminger Sea, at 5~OO'N 3T22'\V. In the Icelandie area, the length
range was 37-101 mm (av. 70.57 mm) and 10.1-37.0 em (av. 24.0 em), resp. .
area
G-group catfish were also fairly abundant mainly in the Icelandic region, at 15
stations and at 6 stations in the Irminger Sea/East Greenland shelf area. The length
range was 57-88 mrn, aVe length 73.05 mm. Also, spottcd catfish were reeorded
mainly on the East Greenland shelf, none in the Icelandic area. .The length range was
.
59-76 mm and the average length 69.67 mm.
Hooknose were entirely reeorded in the Icelandic survey part, i.e. off the E, NE
and Neoasts.. They were widely and abundantly distributed like in the preeeding ·year.
The max. catch was 112 specimens at one station off North Iceland.. The length range
.
was 22-?0 Il1Il1, aVe 34.80 mm.
Eclpout were also only observed in the Icelandic part of the survey area. At one
station (Eyjafjord) the abundance was > 300 specimens per n.m.tr.. The total catch
was 935 specimens,' in a length range of 46-93 mm, aVe length 63.31 mm.
•
-7-
,At orie station off NW lceland, 12 sen snails, iength fange 21-36 mm (av. Iength
27.17 mm) were observed. ,arie Nonvay bullhend was recorded at a station in a
northeastem Icelandic fjord, length 24 ßlßl. '
'_ No Nonrny pout were recOrded in 1992, llke in the precedirig y~.
_. Myctophidae are an essential part of tbe layer of deep-sea species in the Irminger
- Sea tbat ascend dose to tbe surface during the night and descend agam with dawn. In
tbe O-group cätches eSpecial1y in the. central and soutbem Irminger Sea during the
nigbi time Myctophidae orten provide tbe greater part of tbe total catcb, arid can
exceed 5 000 specimens 'per n.m.tr.. The most commori species is Benthosema
gIaciaIe. The length rarige is similar to that of redfish fry, i.e. 25-53 inni (av. 37.2
mril). several other sp'ecies like Myctophuni punctatum (av. lengtb ca 104 mm) as
Protom)'Clophum arcticum (av. lengt ca 67 nun) are not uncommori thOtigh
weIl
not aS frequent as Benthosema.
.
'.
.'
Finally, it should be noted that at 2 stations (6e07'N 2cr56'\V and .61~O'N
3crOS'W), 3 adult speclIDens of daggertooths (Anotopteridae) were recorded in the 0group catches, one specirnen 79 cm and two 86 cm in length. These species are
supposed to be bathypelagic (Le. habitate 500 m >,2 000 m depth) but the maximal
depth of the O-group hauls waS 25 m.
as
•
,
,"
Ftirther, an adultspecirnen,of sen Iamprey (Petromyzon lnarinus) 58 cm iri Iength
was recorded at 64°45'N, ZS040'\V, trawling depth ca 10 m.
5. References
Magm1sson, J.V., 1981: Identification of Sebastes maririus, S. mentella aiuI S.
vivipanis in'O-group redfish. Rapp. R-V Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 178,
571-574.
MagIll1sson, iv. and S.' Sveinbjörnsson, 1991: :Rep~rt on the O-group Fish Survey in
, _ Iceland arid East-,Greenland Waters, Aug.-Sept. 1991. ICES. C.M; 1991/G:80.
.. ".
e.
Reyiüsson, P. arid H. VilhjaIrrlsson, 1983: Acoustic iridex of O-group capeIin in the'
Icelarid-Greenland area. ICES, C.M. 1983/B:3.
VilhjaImssori, H. and E. Friclgeirsson, 1976: ,A review of O-group surveys in die
lceland~East Greenland area in the yerirs 1970-1975. Coop. Res. Rep. 54 ICES.
,
vnhja.imS~ci~ H. and J;V. Magmlsson, 1982: Report on the o-group FLsh Survey in
Icelandic arid Bast Greenland Waters, August 1982. ICES, C.M., '1982/H:63.
'
VllhjaIriisson: H. arid J.Y. Magm1ssori, 1983: 'Report on the O-Group Fish Survey in
ICelandic and East Greenland Waters, August 1983. leES, C.M; 1983/H:38.
-8-
•
Figure 1. Survey routes and grid of stations, August/September 1992.
-9-
.
CQ
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Figure 2 Temperature at 20 m depth, August/September 1992.
·0
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C'l
b
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92
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w
0
(f)
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b
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Figure 3. Temperature at 50 m depth,AugustjSepteinber 1992.
·11·
in
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.,.....
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0
Q
JJJ
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a.
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Figure 4. Temperature at 100 m depth, August/September 1992.
-12-
o
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Figure 5. Distribution and density of G-group :cod (n/1 n.m.), August/September
1992.
e
e
::'1
~
AUG- SEP 1992
0/0
?'
5l
h
30
(1)
i
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-
20
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0
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c.
....
8.
0
()
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Cl.
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!.
Cl.
0
COD
W-ICELAND
r
n=222
x= 51.35
HADDOCK
n=38
x=63.53
10
N-ICELAND
501-
4l
n=714
x= 43.0
~
30
A
20
n=64
x=58.7
c;
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10
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501-
(1)
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-
........
-g
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....
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E-ICELAND
n= 183
x=31.0
r
n= 3
x= 66.7
INSUFFICIENT DATA
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
10 20 30 40
50 60 70
80 90 100 110 mm
·14·
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Figure 7. Distribution and density of Q-group haddock (n/l D.m.), August/September
1992.
- 15-
o
{)
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o
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00
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ci
0
A
<l:
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---'--·:-'o--~- ---:·:-'-co-~--'---'---:·;-'~.......
1.0
1.0
Figure 8. Distribution and density of o-group capelin (n/1 n.m.), August/September
1992.
- 16-
AUG-SEP 1992
CAPELIN
50
W-ICELAND
SW-ICELAD
40
n= 1458
X = 52.9
n= 289
x=58.51
50
N-ICELAND
OOHRN 8ANK
40
n=2840
X= 38.1
n=445
x=50.11
30
30
20
10
Ol--L"':=::::L---L_L--L--=t::=-..&..---'!'---f---=!.---L--=!.---L--=!.---L.---l!'---L.-
50
NE-ICELAND
CENTR. IRM. SEA
40
n= 150
x= 36.7
INSUFFICIENT DATA
30
20
10
Ol----'--'-----'--'-----'--L=.......L...--JL--f--L---'--'-----'---'----'--''----'--
50
E-ICELAND
E-GREENLAND-N
40
n=587
x=34.0
n=642
x=51.19
30
20
10
O'---I-_'---J..._.L......:::::.I-.......L--I---JL-.....L...--JL-.....L...--J-=-.....L...--JL-.....L...~":--":--
10
20
30 40 50 60 70
80
10
20 30 40 50 60 70 80mm
Figure 9. Length distribution of O-group capelin, August/September 1992.
-17 -
o
o
0
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
•
)
i
o
Ln
o
o
N
/~
o
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M
0
0
0
N
(]I
b
0
0
0
2I
0
0
~
0
:I:
Q Q Q
'<1"
I
v
Cf)
0
0
0
0
0
Q
I
0
0
0
2
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lJ..
0
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a:
r
,
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b
t'-
'ro
l.D
\0
l.D
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I.D
'N
l.D
b
I.D
Figure 10. Distribution and density of o-group redfish (n/1 n..m.), August/September
1992.
r----- ----
-
- 18-
O-GROUP REDFISH
AUG-SEP 1992
DOHRN BANK
N-ICELAND
INSUFFICIENT DATA
NO DATA
0/0
E-ICELAND
40
30
n= 1462
n= 43.90
NO DATA
E-GREENLAND-S
W-ICELAND
20
10
0
40
INSUFFICIENT DATA
30
20
10
0
40
CENTR.IRM.
SEA-N
30
n=1I99
n =43.81
20
SW-ICELAND
n=42
ii=40.77
10
0
40
CENTR. IRM. SEA-S
SE-ICELAND
30
n=2356
n=36.67
NO DATA
20
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
10
20 30 40 50 60 70mm
Figure 11. Length distribution of O-group redfish, August/September 1992.
-------------------------1
-19 -
\n
N
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o
o
o
o
00
0000
o
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(J)
(J)
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o
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8
o
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o
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o
o
o
Z
<{
...J
Z
W
W
E
C
~
0
~
..: 0 0
0. - -
ffi~~.
Figure 12. Distribution and abundance of (}group Greenland halibut, August 1992.
o