J«§WnmbZmMr Z¡{VH$Vm d AmMmag§{hVm g§nmXH$s` àm. lr.nm§. nmoVXma

g§nmXH$s` J«W § nmbZmMr Z¡{VH$Vm d AmMmag§{hVm àm. lr.nm§. nmoVXma J«§WnmbZmMo joÌ gVV ì`mnH$ hmoV Amho. Ë`m_Üò {d{dY ~mOy§Zr {dH$mg hmoV Amho. VgoM _m{hVr g§àofU V§ÌkmZmÀ`m {dH$mgm_wio `m joÌmg AmìhmZhr {Z_m©U Pmbo Amho; VgoM gw{dYmhr Pmbr Amho. J«§WnmbZmÀ`m ì`mnH$VoMm, {dH$mgmMm {dMma Ho$bm Va Am¡Úmo{JH$ J«§WnmbZ d _m{hVr nÕVr, H¥${f-J«§WnmbZ, d¡ÚH$s` J«W§ nmbZ, BË`mXr ZdZdrZ emIm {dH${gV hmoV AmhoV. ñWm{ZH$ ZmJ[aH$m§À`m Ë`m§À`m Jmdm~ÔbMr _m{hVrMr CËgwH$Vm ^mJ{dÊ`mgmR>r ñWm{ZH$ Aä`mg J«§WnmbZ (Local Studies Librarianship) Aerhr emIm {dH${gV hmoV Amho. kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO{Z{_©Vrg nyaH$ H$m`© åhUyZ _m{hVrgmjaVoMm àgma J«§Wmbò H$aV AmhoV. darb gd© ~Xbm~amo~aM B§Q>aZoQ> d BVa {S>{OQ>b _m{hVrgmYZm§À`m ghO CnbãYVo_wio àË`j J«§Wmb`mVrb _m{hVrgmYZm§Mm dmna H$_r hmoV Amho H$m `mMm Aä`mg hmoUo JaOoMo Amho. Vgo hmoV Agob Va _m{hVr d g§àofU V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wmb`m§Zr Amnë`m godm AmUIr gj_ Ho$ë`m nm{hOoV. AWm©V _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$arV AgVmZm J«§Wmb`m§Zr _yb^yV J«§WnmbZmH$S>o (Core Librarianship) Xwb©j H$aVm H$m_m Zò. _yb^yV J«§WnmbZ `mbmM H$Xm{MV nma§n[aH$ J«§WnmbZ Agohr åhUVm òB©b. XodKod godm, dJuH$aU, Vm{bH$sH$aU, g§X^©godm `m _yb^yV godm/H$m`} AmhoV. `m godm A{YH$ gj_ H$ê$ZM AmnU J«§WnmbZ ì`dgm`mg pñWaËd (Sustainability) XoD$ eH$Vmo. ❏❏❏ `m boImV _m{hVr-{dñ\$moQ>mÀ`m `wJmV J«§WnmbmMr ^y{_H$m, J«§WnmbZ ì`dgm`mMr à_wI bjUo, J«§WnmbZ åhUOo H$m`, dmMH$m§À`m JaOm ^mJ{dÊ`mH$[aVm J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§H$[aVm AmMmag§ { hVo M r Amdí`H$Vm, ì`mdgm{`H$ Z¡ { VH$Vm, AmMmag§{hVoMm {dH$mg, g§{hVoVrb A§V^y©V ~m~r `m§Mm AmT>mdm KoÊ`mV Ambm Amho. AmOÀ`m _m{hVr-{dñ\$moQ>mÀ`m `wJmV àËòH$ joÌmVM AÚ`mdV _m{hVrbm AZÝ`gmYmaU _hÎd àmá Pmbo Amho. AmoKmZoM AmOMr J«W§ mbò hr AÚ`mdV _m{hVr H|$Ðo AgmdrV hr àËòH$mMr JaO ~Zbr Amho. H$maU àËòH$ {df`mVM ânya g§emoYZ hmoV Amho. Ë`m_wio gyú_V_, AÚ`mdV$ {dMmam§Mr - _m{hVrMr â nS>V Amho. Aer _m{hVr g§H${bV, g§J«{hV H$ê$Z Ë`m _m{hVrMo àgmaU H$aUo ho H$m_ OodT>o Vm§{ÌH$ VodT>oM {O{H$arMo Pmbo Amho. gmd©O{ZH$, e¡j{UH$ d g§emoYZ, ì`mdgm{`H$, à{Vð>mZm§Mr J«§Wmbò _m{hVr àgmaUmMo H$m_ O~m~XmarZo nma nmSr>V AmhoV. `m H$m`m©V J«§WnmbmMr O~m~Xmar AË`§V _hÎdmMr Amho. J«§WnmbZ hr Ho$di BVa H$m`m©b`m§Vrb godH$m§À`m ZmoH$arà_mUo ZgyZ J« § W nmbZmÀ`m H$m`m© M o , go d o M o AmOMo ñdê$n nmhVm g_mOmVrb BVa ì`mdgm{`H$m§à_mUo Ogo S>m°Q>a, B§{OZrAa, dH$sb `m§à_mUo gm_m{OH$ Xm{`Ëd, ~m§{YbH$s Agboë`m ì`mdgm{`H$mMo ñdê$n J«§WnmbZmbm àmá Pmbo Amho. Ë`m_wio H$mimZwgma Pmbobm ~Xb J«§Wnmbm§Zr ñdrH$mê$Z AmMaUmV AmUUo JaOoMo Amho. ì`mdgm{`H$m§Mr à_wI bjUo (1) Á`m§À`m H$m`m©_Üò ~m¡{ÕH$VoMm A§V^m©d AgVmo. (Intellectual activities.) (2) Amnë`m ì`mdgm{`H$ VÎdkmZmMm Á`m§Zr A§JrH$ma Ho$bm AgVmo. (It has a philosophy fundamental to it.) (3) H$m`m©_Üò {deof Aem V§Ìm§Mm Adb§~ Ho$bobm AgVmo. (It has a specialised professional techniques.) (4) Á`m§Zr ì`mdgm{`H$ à{ejU KoVbobo AgVo. (It needs specialised professional training.) kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 2 kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 3 (5) Á`m§Mr ñdV:Mr AmMmag§{hVm AgVo d àËòH$mZo Ë`m AmMmag§{hVo à_mUo dmJmdo, Ago gdmªda ~§YZ AgVo. (It has its own code of conduct.) (6) g_mOm_Üò gd© ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm EH$ gm_m{OH$ XOm© àmá AgVmo. (It has recognised status to its members) (7) Aem ì`mdgm{`H$m§Mm g§K (Association) AgVmo H$s g§KQ>Zm (Union) ZgVo. gd© ì`mdgm{`H$ Aem g§KmMo g^mgX AgVmV. (It has an organisation of people.) CXm. Indian Medical Association, Institution of Engineers (India), Indian Library Association. (8) ì`dgm`m_Üò àdoe H$aÊ`mH$[aVm à{ejUmH$[aVm, e¡j{UH$ JwUdÎmoMr à_mUHo$ {ZYm©[aV Ho$bobr AgVmV. (Sets certain standards for entry in to trainining schools as also in the profession.) (9) ì`dgm`mMr H$mhr _mZHo$, à_mUHo$ {ZYm©[aV Ho$bobr AgVmV, Or àËòH$mZo AmMaUmV AmUUo ~§YZH$maH$ AgVo. (It imposes certain responsibilities to each member.) (10) ì`pVJV ñdmWm©nbrH$S>o OmD$Z g_mOgodoMo ~§YZ nmimdo bmJVo. darb gd© JwUd¡{eîQ>ço gd©M ì`mdgm{`H$m§gmR>r {ZYm©[aV Ho$bobr AmhoV. J«§WnmbZ hmhr EH$ ì`dgm`M Agë`mZo hr gd© JwUd¡{eîQç>o J«§WnmbZ ì`dgm`mbm bmJy AmhoV. (It practiced as a permanent calling and leads to a service above personal gain.) J«W § nmbZ åhUOo H$m` ? S>r.Oo. \$m°ñHo$Q> `m§À`m _Vo, J«§WnmbZmMo VÎdkmZ ho S>m°. a§JZmWZ `m§À`m J«§Wmb`mMr nmM gyÌo `mV A§V^y©V Amho. J§«WnmbZ ho ñd{Z`§{ÌV H$m`© Amho. AmMmag§{hVm gd© ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm gm§{KH$[aË`m Ë`m§Mr ^y{_H$m H$er amhrb `mMo _mJ©Xe©H$ Amho. àËòH$mZo Amnë`m AmMmag§{hVoMo Jm§^r`m©Zo nmbZ H$amdo d Ë`mMo nmbZ Z H$aUmè`mda H$m`©dmhrÛmao A§Hw$e R>odVo. Oo. ~«oH$a `m§Zr Ë`m§À`m boImV Aer Q>rH$m Ho$br Amho, H$s J«§Wnmb ho d¡Mm[aH$ ñVamda ~amM {dMma H$aVmV, nU Ë`m§n¡H$s \$maM H$_r Jmoï>r Vo AmMaUmV AmUVmV. `m CVrMm AZw^d Amnë`mbm ^maVmVrb {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m g§KgyMrÀ`m àH$ënmdê$Z {XgyZ òVmo. {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m g§KgyMrMm Cn`moJ d _hÎd g§emoYH$mÀ`m Ñï>rZo H$m` Amho ho doJio gm§JÊ`mMr JaO Zmhr. nU INSDOC d NASDOC `m g§ñWm§Zr ^maVmVrb gd© e¡j{UH$ d g§emoYZ g§ñWm§_Yrb CnbãY Agboë`m {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m g§KgyMrMm àH$ën hmVr KoVbm hmoVm, Ë`m doir \$maM H$_r J«§Wnmbm§Zr `m àH$ënmbm à{VgmX {Xbm. n`m©`mZo {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m ì`mnH$ g§KgyMr kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 4 V`ma hmoD$ eH$ë`m ZmhrV. AmOhr INFLIBNET À`m àH$ënm~m~V AgoM {MÌ {XgyZ òVo. `mdê$Z ~«oH$a `m§Mo _V AmOhr ^maVmV AZw^dmg òVo. XrS>eo dfmªMr na§nam Agbobm J«§Wmb` d ghH$mamMm ^maVmV nyU©V: ~moOdmam dmObm. Ë`mZ§Va Joë`m nÞmg dfmªV JmOmdmOm Pmbobm gmYZgh^mJmMo VrZ Voam Pmbo. AmVm J«§Wmb` ZoQ>dg© d H$Ýgmo{e©`mMm ~mob~mbm Amho. nU `mMo Omio AOyZ Var bhmZ J«W§ mb`mn`ªV nmoMbobo Zmhr. Iè`m AWm©Zo `mMm Adb§~ ìhmdm Ago Oa Hw$Umbm dmQ>V Agob Va Ë`mgmR>r Amnbr gdmªMr _mZ{gH$Vm ~Xbbr nm{hOo. J«§WnmbZ hr ZmoH$ar ZgyZ Vo EH$ g_mOH$m`© Amho, `mMm dgm _r MmbdrZ. `mMr AmMmag§{hVo_Üò Zm|X KoD$Z Ver àËòH$mZo enW KoVbr nm{hOo. Á`m§Zr ho Ho$bo Ë`m§Mr J«§Wmbò g_¥Õ PmbrV d Aem J«§Wnmbm§Zr Zmdbm¡{H$H$ àmá Ho$bo. dmMH$m§À`m JaOm nwa{dÊ`mgmR>r AmMmag§{hVm S>m°. gd©nr amYmH¥$îUZ `m§Zr J«§Wnmb hm {ejH$mMm {ejH$ Amho Ago åhQ>bo Amho. Ë`m§À`m _Vo, g_mOmV J«§Wnmbm~m~VÀ`m Anojm dmT>ë`m AmhoV. åhUyZ J«§Wnmbm§Zr Amnbr O~m~Xmar AmoiIyZ _m{hVrMm _wV àdmh g_mOmn`ªV nmoM{dbm nm{hOo. dmMH$m§Zm dmMZmH$[aVm EH$m§V, _m{hVrMm _wV àdmh, {~ZMyH$ _m{hVrMm nwadR>m, Vmohr JmonZr`VoZo, ôX^md Z H$aVm J«§WnmbmZo Ë`m§À`m ì`mdgm{`H$ kmZmMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z ¿`mdm Ago Ë`m§Mo J«§WnmbZm~m~VMo _V Amho. J«§WnmbZmMm _w»` CÔoeM Agm Amho H$s, `mo½` dmMH$mbm `mo½` _m{hVr nwa{dUo, åhUyZ ho VÎdkmZ àË`jmV CVa{dÊ`mH$[aVm J«§WnmbZmÀ`m AmMmag§{hVoMr d Vr A_bmV AmUÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. dmMH$m§À`m J«§Wmb` d J«§Wnmbm§H$Sy>Z {_iUmè`m godm, gw{dYm d _XVr~m~VÀ`m Anojm dmT>ë`m AmhoV. Ë`mH$[aVm J«§WnmbmZo ñdV:bm AÚ`mdV R>odm`bm hdo. ZdrZ {df`m§Mo kmZ, ZdrZ V§Ì, ZdrZ nÕVrMo kmZ àmá H$am`bm hdo. {deof JwU, H$mhr Var ZdrZ H$aÊ`mMr _mZ{gH$Vm Omonmgm`bm hdr. Ooìhm J«§Wnmb Ago {deof JwU, nmÌVm, H$V¥©Ëd YmaU H$aob Voìhm Vmo g_mOmÀ`m ~XbË`m JaOm {ZpíMVM nyU© H$ê$ eHo$b. J«W § nmbZ hm EH$ ì`dgm` Amho ì`dgm` åhUOo- "A vocation that involves some branch of advance learning or science", Am{U "Ethics means a set of principles of moral." åhUyZ Code of ethics åhUOo Z¡{VH$ {Z`_m§Mm g§M hmo`; Á`mMo nmbZ àËòH$ ì`mdgm{`H$mZo Amnë`m AmMaUmV H$amd`mMo Amho. Profession is a occupation or vocation requiring advanced study in specialised field. Ho$på~«O {SeZar Am°\$ A_o[aH$Z B§p½beà_mUo ì`mdgm{`H$ åhUOo Oo H$m`© nma nmS>md`mMo Amho Ë`mMo {ejU d Ë`m joÌmÀ`m H$m`m©Mr {ZnwUVm YmaU H$aUmam kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 5 hmo`. åhUyZ J«§Wnmb hm à{e{jV, C {e{jV AgVmo d dmMH$m§Zm g_n©UmÀ`m ^mdZoZo godm àXmZ H$aUmam AgVmo. J«W§ nmb hm g_mOgodH$ AgyZ Ë`mÀ`m ZoVË¥ dJwUm§_i w o g_mOmV Hw$emJ«~wÕr d EH$s {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m`m©V Vmo _XV H$aVmo. åhUyZM g_mOmV Ë`mÀ`m H$m`m©_wio Vmo ì`mdgm{`H$ åhUyZ AmoiIbm OmVmo. ~r. E_. hoSr>H$a `m§À`m _Vo, ì`dgm` åhUOo Ho$di AWm©O©ZmH$[aVm EH$Ì òD$Z EImXo {d{eï> àH$maMo H$m_ H$aUmè`m ì`VtMm g_yh qH$dm g^mgXm§Zm g§ajU XoUmam ì`VtMm g_yh ZgyZ, Aem ì`VtMm g_yh Amho H$s Omo Amnbo H$m`© nma nmS>V AgVmZm Amnë`m AmXe© {Z`_m§Mm XOm© nmiVmo; Am{U (A) Amnë`m gd© ì`mdgm{`H$ ~m§Ydm§Zm ì`mdgm{`H$ g§ajU XoVmo, d (~) g_mOmbm Mm§Jbr godm nwa{dVmo. J«§WnmbZ ì`dgm` hm øm gd© ~m~r nyU© H$aVmo; åhUyZ J«§WnmbZ hm EH$ ì`dgm` Amho. åhUyZ J«§WnmbZ ì`dgm`mV Ë`m§ZrM àdoe H$amdm Á`m§Zm hr gm_m{OH$ ~m§YrbH$s _mÝ` Amho; Vr AmMaUmV AmUÊ`mMr _mZ{gH$Vm Amho d dmMH$m§Zm godm XoÊ`mMr Vi_i Amho. Om°Z ~oH$a `m§Zr J«§WnmbZmMr Z¡{VH$Vm d AmMmag§{hVm `mda gImob g§emoYZ Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m§À`m _Vo, ì`dgm`mMr Z¡{VH$Vm hm {df` Vgm JhZ Amho. H$maU Z¡{VH$VoMo {Z`_ d Ë`m§Mm AmMma d Ë`m§Mr g§{hVo_Üò g_mdoe H$aUo d H$m`©nmbZm_Üò Adb§~ H$aUo hr EH$ O{Q>b d Jw§VmJw§VrMr à{H«$`m Amho. Ë`m§À`m _Vo, H$moUË`mhr ì`mdgm{`H$mMr H$mhr JwUd¡{eîQ>ço gm§JVm òVrb H$s Á`mV àXrK© à{ejU, H$m`m©Mo H$m¡eë`, godmàYmZ, ñd`§ñ\y$Vu d ñdmV§Í` ømbm àmYmÝ` amhrb. ì`dgm`mbm g_mOmVrb _mÝ`Vm {_iÊ`mH$[aVm ñdV:H$[aVm AmXe© Z¡{VH$ à_mUHo$ V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`mMo AmMaU H$amdo qH$dm Aer Z¡{VH$ {Z`_mdbr V`ma H$ê$Z ñdV: Ë`mMo nmbZ H$amdo. ~oH$a `m§Zr J«§WnmbZmÀ`m AmMmag§{hVoMr AZwH«$_{UH$m V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r A{Ve` nÕVeranUo _mJ©Xe©H$ d g_n©H$ gyMZm Ho$ë`m AmhoV. Vo åhUVmV, H$s Ooìhm AmnU AmMmag§{hVm V`ma H$aVmo Voìhm AmnU J«§WnmbZmÀ`m H$m`m©Mo àW_ {díbofU H$am`bm hdo d J«§WnmbZmÀ`m g_mOmàVr ^y{_Ho$Mm {dMma H$am`bm hdm. Ooìhm Amnë`m ho bjmV òVo, H$s AmnU dmMH$m§H$[aVm H$m` H$m` H$aVmo, Voìhm hr H$m`©o A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m nÕVrZo H$er H$aVm òVrb Ë`mMm g§{hVoV g_mdoe H$amdm. VgoM J«§Wmb`godm A{YH$ à^mdr H$er H$aVm òB©b `mMm Ë`mV g_mdoe Ho$bm Omdm. Ë`m§À`m _Vo, H$moUVmhr ì`dgm` g_mOmMr JaO nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r {d{eï> Üò`-C{ÔîQmZo ào[aV hmoD$Z Ho$bm OmVmo. Ë`m_wio J«§WnmbZ ì`dgm`mbmXoIrb hr ~m~ bmJy Amho. J«§WnmbZ ì`dgm` hm Imbrb Z¡{VH$ à_mUHo$ gmÜ` H$aÊ`mgmR>rM H$m`© H$aVmo. (1) AmnU ñdV:er Amnë`m H$m_màVr, g§ñWoàVr, Amnë`m ì`mdgm{`H$m§àVr, kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 6 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) g_mOmàVr àm_m{UH$ Agmdo. (Loyalty to one's own work, institution, fellow professionals community, and self.) Amnbr g_mOmVrb à{V_m Mm[aÍ`dmZ ì`VrgmaIr Agmdr. (Integrity of character.) J«§Wmb`mÀ`m H$m_mV ghH$m`© d EH$g§K H$m`© H$aÊ`mMr d¥Îmr Omonmgmdr. (Cooperation and team spirit in library work.) Amnë`m H$m_màVr g_n©U (Devotion to duty.) dmMH$m§er hmoUmè`m ì`dhmam§_Üò ôX^md ZgUo d Mm§Jbr dmJUyH$ XoUo. (Impartiality and fairness in dealing with users.) H$m`ÚmMr / {Z`_m§Mr ~m§YrbH$s Agmdr. (Allegiane to the law.) ñdV:nojm godobm _hÎd (Service above self.) ì`mdgm{`H$ Z¡{VH$Vm Z¡{VH$Vm åhUOo OrdZmVrb Mm§JbodmB©Q> H$m_ ho gm§JUmar g§H$ënZm Amho. Z¡{VH$ _yëò hr g_mOmÀ`m ^ë`mH$[aVm Á`m Á`m Jmoï>r AmhoV Ë`m§da AmYm[aV AgVmV. à_mUo Z¡{VH$Vm ho gXgX²{ddoH$~wÕrMo emñÌ Amho. hr EH$ VÎdkmZmMr emIm Amho, Á`mV _mUgmMo Mm[aÍ` d dV©UyH$ `m§Mm A§V^m©d hmoVmo. gd©M ì`dgm`m§À`m Z¡{VH$ AmMmag§{hVm AmhoV, Á`mV àm_w»`mZo Ë`m ì`dgm`mMo YmoaU, dV©UyH$ `m~m~V _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo gm§{JVbr AgVmV. Ë`m§Mm Amnbo H$m`© nma nmS>VmZm Adb§~ H$am`Mm AgVmo d godm XoVmZm gdmªZm g_mZ dmJUyH$ {_imdr åhUyZ àËòH$mZo Adb§~ H$aUo Ano{jV AgVo. Amnë`m ì`dgm`mMm XOm© {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r d Z¡{VH$ _yë`m§Mm Amnë`m X¡Z§{XZ H$m`m©V Adb§~ H$aVmZm gwñnï>Vm amIVm òB©b. àm_w»`mZo àËòH$ ì`dgm`mMo g§K Amnë`m ì`mdgm{`H$m§gmR>r Aer Z¡{VH$ _yë`m§da AmYm[aV AmMmag§{hVm V`ma H$aVmV. ì`dgm`mMr Z¡{VH$ AmMmag§{hVm hm EH$ ñdV:H$[aVm V`ma Ho$boë`m d ñdV:M bmJy Ho$boë`m {Z`_m§Mm g§M AgVmo. Aer VÎdo àË`j AmMaUmV AmUÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mbm gdmªÀ`m Z¡{VH$ gh_VrMm AmYma AgVmo. J«§WnmbZmÀ`m AmMmag§{hVo_Üò S>m°. Eg. grWmam_m `m§Zr Imbrb ~m~tMm A§V^m©d Agmdm Ago gwM{dbo Amho. (1) ì`mdgm{`H$mMr H$m`©j_Vm (Competence of the professional), (2) ì`mdgm{`H$mMr gMmoQ>r (Integrity of the memeber), (3) Am{W©H$ Z¡{VH$Vm (Financial Ethics), kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 7 (4) {ejUmVrb Z¡{VH$Vm (Ethics in Teaching), (5) g§emoYZmVrb Z¡{VH$Vm (Ethics in Research), (6) _m{hVrH$m`m©Vrb Z¡{VH$Vm (Ethics in Information activity), J«W § nmbZmÀ`m Z¡{VH$ AmMmag§{hVoMm {dH$mg {dgmì`m eVH$mV AmMmag§{hVoMr g§H$ënZm ApñVËdmV Ambr. gwédmVrbm A_o[aH$m, B§½b§S> `m Xoem§_Üò J«§WnmbZmMr AmMmag§{hVm ApñVËdmV Ambr. Ë`m_Üò g_mOmàVr J«§WnmbmÀ`m O~m~Xmè`m§Mm _mÌ g_mdoe ZìhVm. Ho$di g§H$sU© ~m~tMmM Ë`mV g_mdoe hmoVm. Aer n{hbr g§{hVm 1930 _Üò ApñVËdmV Ambr. Ë`mZ§Va 1975 _Üò A_o[aH$Z bm`~«ar Agmo{gEeZZo J«W§ nmbZmMr AmMmag§{hVm {dH${gV Ho$br, Á`mV Imbrb ~m~tMm A§V^m©d H$aÊ`mV Ambm. (1) _m{hVrMm _wV àdmh (Free flow of Information), (2) dmMH$m§Zm EH$m§V (Privacy of Patrons), (3) g§ñWoÀ`m Am{W©H$ ì`dhmamVyZ d¡`pVH$ bm^ Q>mimdm (Avoidance of Personal financial gain at the expense of the employing institution). A_o[aH$Z bm`~«ar Agmo{gEeZZo V`ma Ho$boë`m AmMmag§{hVo_Üò Imbrb g§~§Ym§da {deof â {Xbm Amho. (1) J«§WnmbmMo ì`dñWmnZmer g§~§Y (Relation of the Librarian to the Governing Authority), (2) J«§WnmbmMo Ë`m n[agamVrb dmMH$m§er g§~§Y (Relation of the Librarian to his constituency), (3) J«§WnmbmMo J«§Wmb`mVrb dmMH$ d Ë`mÀ`m ghH$mè`m§er g§~§Y (Relation of the Librarian within his library), (4) J«§WnmbmMo Amnë`m g_ì`mdgm{`H$m§er g§~§Y (Relation of the Librarian to his profession), (5) J«W§ nmbmMo g_mOmer g§~Y§ . `m{edm` B§½b§S>_Üò 1983 gmbr J«§Wmb` g§KmZo J«§WnmbZ ì`mdgm{`H$m§gmR>r _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo AmMmag§{hVoÀ`m ñdê$nmV àgm[aV Ho$brV. VgoM A_o[aH$Z gmogm`Q>r \$m°a BÝ\$_}eZ àmo\o$eZëgZo 1990_Üò _m{hVr emñÌkm§H$[aVm AemM àH$maMr AmMmag§{hVm V`ma Ho$br, Á`m_Üò Imbrb ~m~tMm A§V^m©d H$aÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm. (1) J«§WnmbmMr àËòH$ dmMH$màVr O~m~Xmar (Responsibility to individual person), kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 8 (2) J«W§ nmbmMr g_mOmàVr O~m~Xmar (Responsibility to the Society), (3) J«§WnmbmMr Amnë`m ì`dgm`màVr O~m~Xmar (Responsibility to the Profession). `m gd© ~m~r AmOÀ`m {Xdgm§V A^mdmZoM gd© J«§Wnmbm§Zr A§JrH$maë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. H$mhr J«§Wnmb J«§WnmbZmMo H$m_ ho \$mdë`m doimMo H$m_ g_OVmV. dmMH$mbm H|$Ðq~Xy _mZyZ J«§Wmb`mMo H$m`© d godm {Xë`m Joë`mg Iè`m AWm©Zo AmMmag§{hVoMo nmbZ Pmë`mMo _mZm`bm haH$V Zmhr. Ë`mH$[aVm J«§WnmbmZo ñdV:hÿZ AmMmag§{hVoMo nmbZ H$am`bm hdo. OnmZ_Üò bm`~«ar Agmo{gEeZZo 1980 gmbr J«§Wnmbm§H$[aVm AmMmag§{hVm V`ma Ho$br; Va ^maVmV 1984 gmbr Om°B§Q> H$m¡pÝgb Am°\$ bm`~«ar Agmo{gEeÝg BZ B§{S>`m (JOCLAI) Zo gd©àW_ J«§WnmbZmMr AmMmag§{hVm V`ma Ho$br. Ë`mVrb ~m~tMm Imbrbà_mUo WmoS>`mV AmT>mdm KoÊ`mV òV Amho. (1) J«§WnmbZ hm godm^mdr ì`dgm` Amho. J«§WnmbmZo _m{hVrMo g§H$bZ H$ê$Z Aer _m{hVr ghO àmá H$aVm òB©b Aem [aVrZo Ë`mMr _m§S>Ur H$amdr d Á`m§Zm Aer _m{hVr hdr Amho Ë`m§Zm Vr {_iob Ago ì`dñWmnZ H$amdo. (2) àËòH$ dmMH$mbm hdr Agbobr _m{hVr, _m{hVrMr gmYZo àmá H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr CnbãY H$ê$Z Úmdr d Ë`mgmR>r {deof à`ËZ H$aÊ`mV `mdoV. Ë`m§Mr dmMZmMr AmdS> dmT>mdr `mH$[aVm J«W§ nmbmZo gd© bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ nÕVtMm Adb§~ H$ê$Z dmMH$m§Zm godm nwadmì`mV. (3) dmMH$mZo _m{JVboë`m qH$dm g§^mì` _mJUr Agboë`m gd© _m{hVrÀ`m gmYZm§Mr _m{hVr J«W§ nmbmZo AdJV H$amdr d Ë`m§Zm Vr CnbãY H$ê$Z Úmdr. `mV J«W§ , {Z`VH$m{bHo$ VgoM gd© àH$maÀ`m _m{hVrÀ`m gmYZm§Mm g_mdoe H$amdm. Amnë`m dmMH$m§Zm hdr Agbobr _m{hVr nwa{dÊ`mgmR>r ì`pVJV nmVirda à`ËZ H$amdm d g§^mì` dmMH$mn`ªV Vr _m{hVr nmohmoMdmdr. (4) J«§Wmb` d _m{hVrjoÌmVrb gd© ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr Amnë`m H$m_mV godm^mdr d¥Îmr Omonmgmdr. ho H$arV AgVmZm àËòH$mZo ñdV:Mo ì`pVJV VÎdkmZ, H$b ho Amnë`m AmMaUmV AmUy Zò d Ë`mMm {dnarV à^md AmnU Á`m g§ñWoV H$m_ H$aVmo Ë`mda hmoUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr. (5) `m joÌmVrb ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr ~oH$m`Xoera, AZ¡{VH$, gXmof H$moUVohr J¡aH¥$Ë` Amnë`m AmMaUmV AmUy Zò d gd© dmMH$m§Zm g_mZ dmJUyH$ d godm nwadmì`mV. (6) J«§Wmb` d _m{hVrjoÌmVrb ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr gdmªZm VmËH$mi godm XoÊ`mda â Úmdm. àmYmÝ` Úmdo. H$maU C{eam godm {Xë`mg qH$dm dmMH$m§Zm bJoM à{VgmX kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 9 Z {Xë`mg dmMH$m§Mr ZmamOr Va hmoVoM d J«§Wmb`m{df`r Ë`m§Mo _Vhr Iam~ hmoVo. (7) gd© ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr Amnë`m ì`mdgm{`H$ g§KQ>ZmÀ`m {dH$mgmH$[aVm g{H«$` gh^mJ ¿`mdm. Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©VyZ, AmMaUmVyZ AmXe© KmbyZ Úmdm. (8) `m joÌmVrb ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌmÀ`m joÌmV {ejU, g§emoYZ H$m`© H$ê$Z Amnë`m ì`dgm`mbm g_¥Õ H$amdo d `m _m{hVrMo gm{hË`mÀ`m _mÜ`_mZo àgmaU H$amdo. AmMmag§{hVoVrb H$mhr R>iH$ ~m~r Aem àH$mao `m {R>H$mUr Z_yX Ho$ë`m AmhoV. {ZîH$f© (3) (4) (5) (6) J«W§ nmbZ ì`dgm`mVrb ì`VtZr Amnë`m joÌmMo {deof kmZ, H$m¡eë`, Z¡nÊw `, g§nmXZ H$amdo d H¥$VrVyZ MmVw`© XmIdmdo. Á`m ì`mdgm{`H$mZo Ago H$m¡eë` g§nmXZ Ho$bo Agob Ë`mbmM Iè`m AWm©Zo J«§WnmbZMo ì`mdgm{`H$ g_Omdo. g_mOmÀ`m `m ì`dgm`mH$Sy>Z ~è`mM Anojm AmhoV. na§Vw AZw^dmVyZ Ago nmhm`bm {_iVo, H$s AmnU J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$ Amnë`m H$m`m©~Ôb ~mobVmo Iyn; nU àË`jmV Vgo AZw^dmg òV Zmhr. AmOhr ^maVmV amï´>r` ñVamdarb J«§Wmb` g§KmMr g^mgX g§»`m H$mhr hOmam|V Amho. Odinmg 80% ì`mdgm{`H$ gmYo amï´>r` J«§Wmb` g§KmMo g^mgXhr ZmhrV. _J AmMmag§{hVoMr _m{hVr d {VMo AmMaU Va XyaM. J«§WnmbZmMr H$mhr AmMmag§{hVm AgVo, H$mhr Z¡{VH$ O~m~Xmè`m AgVmV, `m H$ënZonmgyZ AmOhr ~aoM J«§Wnmb ~aoM bm§~ AmhoV. J«§WnmbZmMr Z¡{VH$ VÎdo, _mZX§S>, à_mUHo$, AmMmag§{hVoÀ`m ê$nmZo {ZpíMVM Mm§Jbo AmhoV. Ë`mMo AmMaU `m ì`dgm`mMr Iyn àJVr H$aob `mV _mÌ e§H$m Zmhr. Work is worship Be professional in your work. J«§WnmbZmg ZmoH$ar g_OUo hmoB©b AY_© && H$maU godm namÙVm hmM Amho Am_wMm Y_© && Ë`mJ Am{U g_n©U hoM `m ì`dgm`mMo __© && References (1) (2) Bahe Khushal , Inaugural address at xx National of IASLIC, Punjab University, Patiala, Dec.27-30, 2002. kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 10 (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) Potdar S.P., Role of Academic Libraries in Quality Education, A Keynote Address, Changing role of academic libraries in higher education conference organised by Nagpur University College Library Association at Wardha on 12th January, 2003 . Ibid Fosket D. J., The creed of a librarian, No. Politics, No Religion, No Morals. In Occasional papers from North, Western group of the library Association (Ref. Special & Information Section) N3, 1962. Rao C. Y. , Towards professional ethics - paper presented at 22th National Seminar of IASLIC, Hydrabad, 1984. Bekker J, Professional Ethics and its application to librarianship. Case, Western Reserve Univercity,Cleveland, 1976. Radhakrishnan S. , University Education Commission Report, 1948-49. Seetharama S. , In search of code of professional ethics Paper presented at XIth National Seminar of IASLIC, Hydrabad, 1984. Chaterjee, Amitabh, Psycology and deontology profession Paper presented at XIth National Seminar of IASLIC, Hydrabad, 1984. Chaterjee, Amitabh : Librarianship as a profession : a literature survey. (a dissertation for M. Lib. Sc. degree of Delhi University, 1964, P4-5. Headicar B. M., "A manual of library organisation", London, Allen & Unvin, 1911, P4 - 5. Headicar B. M., A manual of library organisation. Ganguly S. M., An ethical code for the library profession in India, Paper presented at XIth National Seminar of IASLIC, Hydrabad, 1984. Ibid. Seetharama S., In search of a code of professional ethics Paper presented at XIth National Seminar of IASLIC, Hydrabad, 1984. ❏❏❏ kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 11 kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$Vr àm.Or.E. ~wdm kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$Vr (Knowledge Management Culture) hm EH$ H$moUË`mhr g§ñWoMm _hÎdmMm Agm KQ>H$ Amho. `m KQ>H$m_wio H$moUË`mhr g§ñWog XrK© H$mi gj_nUo H$m_ H$aUo gmÜ` hmoVo. VgoM XrK©H$mbrZ ñnYm©Ë_H$ g§ñWm {dH$mgmH$[aVm hm EH$ AË`mdí`H$ KQ>H$ Amho. kmZì`dñWmnZmH$[aVm AmOH$mb AZoH$ ~m~tMm JaO Agbr VarXoIrb g§ñWoÀ`m ~XbË`m ì`dñWmnZmg ghmæ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$VrgmaIm Xwgam _hÎdnyU© KQ>H$ Zmhr. gd©gmYmaUV: `m KQ>H$mMr ì`mIm nwT>rbà_mUo Ho$br OmVo. ""Aer EH$ gmhmæ`^yV {H«$`m H$s, {OÀ`mÛmao kmZ g§nmXZ H$aUo, Cnm{O©V H$aUo, {Z_m©U H$aUo d g§J«{hV H$aUo. `m KQ>H$mda AmYm[aV g§ñWoMm gj_ {dH$mg gmYVm òVmo.'' CnH«$_mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _mnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$VrMo g§dY©Z hmoUo JaOoMo Amho. kmZì`dñWmnZ CnH«$_mH$[aVm Amdí`H$ KQ>H$ kmZì`dñWmnZ CnH«$_m§Mm Adb§~ H$aÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ emoY _m°S>ëo g ApñVËdmV AmhoV. `m g§X^m©V Grover and Verentprot (2001) and Gld-Molhotras (2001), Karvleser & Gottschalk (2004) Aem VÁkm§Zr `mH$[aVm _hÎdnyU© ^y{_H$m ~Omdbobr Amho. {d{eï>nUo kmZì`dñWmnZm~m~V MMm© H$aVmZm `m~m~VMo A{YH$ Cn`wV KQ>H$ AbrH$S>rb g§emoYZmÛmao A°bÂo _r d P¡ar `m§Zr Z_yX Ho$bo AmhoV. kmZì`dñWmnZ CnH«$_mMm à^mdr d n[aUm_H$maH$ dmna H$aÊ`mgmR>r g§ñH¥$Vr, à{ejU, kmZ AmXmZ-àXmZ, CñVar` ì`dñWmnZmMo ghH$m`©, Vm§{ÌH$ CnH«$_m§Mr CnbãYVm ho KQ>H$ _hÎdmMo Agë`mMo A°boÂ_r d P¡ar `m§Zr Z_yX Ho$bo Amho. kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$Vr g§H$ënZog gwñnï>Vm àmá hmoÊ`mg Cn`wV Amho. kmZì`dñWmnZ g§H$ënZoMm A{YH$ {dñVmamZo {dMma H$aVm ""kmZ{Z{_©Vr CnH«$_ d kmZ{dVaU CnH«$_'' `m ~m~VrVXoIrb gXa g§km Cn`wV R>aUmar Amho. `m g§X^m©V 21ì`m eVH$mÀ`m àma§^H$mimV Alavi and Leinder (2001) Nonaka Toyama and Konno `m§Zr _m§S>boë`m g§H$ënZmXoIrb kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$VrMr Cn`wVVm ñnï> H$aUmè`m AmhoV. `m ì`dñWmnZemIoMm {dñVma d {dMma AmOH$mb A{YH$ Jm§^r`m©Zo H$aÊ`mV òÊ`mMo H$maU åhUOo g§ñWoÀ`m XrK©H$mbrZ à^mdmH$[aVm Ë`mMr Agbobr Cn`wVVm hoM hmo`. kmZmMr ì`V d Aì`V d Cn`mo{OV ê$no gd©lwV AmhoV. Aem kmZê$nmMm H$moUË`mhr kmZì`dñWmnZmV g§emoYZmË_H$, AmH¥${V~§YmË_H$ _m°S>oëgMr _wV g§ñWmË_H$ g§ñH¥$VrMr {ZVm§V JaO AgVo. H$moUË`mhr g§ñWoMo Ago AmH¥${V~§Y ho Ë`m Ë`m g§ñWoÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmMo d¡{eîQ>ç AgVo. AmYw{ZH$ H$mbI§S>mV kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$Vr_Üò V§ÌkmZ hm AË`§V _hÎdnyU© KQ>H$ Amho. ñWyb _mZmZo {dMma H$aVm `m_Üò (1) _m{hVr, (2) V§ÌkmZ, (3) d¡{eîQ>çnyU© g§ñH¥$Vr Am{U na§nam Aem VrZ KQ>H$m§Mm kmZì`dñWmnZm_Üò g_mdoe hmoVmo. nU `m VrZhr KQ>H$m§n¡H$s g§ñH¥$Vr dm na§nam hm KQ>H$ A{YH$ _hÎdmMm AgVmo. gd©M kmZì`dñWmnZà{H«$òV CñVar` V§ÌkmZmMr JaO AgVoM Ago Zmhr. CbQ>njr V§ÌkmZmMm èñdr dmna H$aÊ`mgmR>r V§ÌkmZ ho Zoh_rM g§ñWog g§ñH¥$Vr d kmZì`dñWmnZ `mÀ`m ghg§~§YmH$[aVm A{YH$ _hÎdmMo AgVo. ñdrZ (Schein) Zo 1990 _Üò g§ñH¥$VrMr ì`m»`m KQ>H$mda AmYm[aV Ho$bobr Amho. (A) J¥hrVH$m§Mm _yb^yV AmH¥${V~§Y (A pattern of basis assumptions), (~) EImÚm {ZYm©[aV JQ>mH$Sy>Z emoYrV / emoYbobo AWdm {dH${gV Ho$bobo (Invented, discovered or developed by given group), (H$) ~mø ~Xb Am{U A§VJ©V EH${OZgrH$aU Aem g_ñ`m gma»`m AZw^dmVyZ àmá Pmbobo (As if learns to cope with its problems of external adoptions and internal integration), kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 12 kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 13 "The process by which an organisation creates, captures, acquires and uses knowledge to support and improve the performance of the organisation" - Kenney Kenney `m§Zr kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$Vrg§X^m©V Ho$bobr ì`m»`m, àñVwV (S>) Aem g_ñ`m§nyVugmR>r Cn`wV R>abobo Am{U Ë`m_wio nmÌ R>abobo (That has worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore) (B) `m_wio ZdmJVmZm {eH${dÊ`mgmR>r, Am{U (is to be taught to new members as the), (\$) {dMma H$aÊ`mg AmH$bZ hmoD$Z àd¥Îm H$aob Am{U g_ñ`mer g§~§{YV Agob Agm `mo½` AmH¥${V~§Y Amho. (Correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems). VgoM {db{H$Ýg Am{U S>mà (Wilkins and Dyer) `m§Zr g§ñH¥$Vr AWdm na§nam `m§~Ôb _V ì`V H$aVmZm g§ñH¥$Vr hr à^mdr Agboë`m ì`pVg_yhmZo g§ñWoÀ`m {dH$mgmH$[aVm Adb§~{dbobr nÕVr; _yëò, j_Vm Am{U {dídmg `m§da AmYm[aV AgVo. ("....is (composed) of the values, competencies and beliefs of a group of people that strongly influence whether and how organizational strategies are implemented.") `mM~amo~a {d{dY VÁkm§Zr g§ñH¥$Vr (culture) À`m {d{dY ì`m»`m Ho$boë`m AgyZ ñdrZo (Schein) `m§Zr 1985 _Üò Ho$bobr EH${ÌV ì`m»`m {deof bjUr` gmÜ` hmoV Zmhr. H$maU g§ñH¥$Vr, kmZì`dñWmnZ CnH«$_mg àmoËgmhZ XoVo. AàJQ> d àJQ> kmZmÛmao g§ñWoVrb H$_©MmardJ© EH$_oH$m§er ghg§àofU d ghH$m`© H$ê$Z g§H«$_U H$mimV àJQ> kmZmMo ê$nm§Va Cn`wV kmZm_Üò H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm hmoVmV. `mÛmao ho ñnï> hmoVo H$s, ì`Vr Am{U g§ñWmË_H$ kmZ `m_Üò gmhMm`© àñWm{nV H$aÊ`mg g§ñH¥$Vr hm KQ>H$ AË`§V _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m ~OmdrV AgVmo. boìhrQ>Mo kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$Vrda n[aUm_ H$aUmao _m°S>b o (Leavit's Model of change) boìhrQ>Zo g§ñWmË_H$ ~Xb d Ë`mMr A§{V_ n[aUVr d kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$Vr `m§Mm ghg§~§Y ñnï> H$aVmZm Amnë`m _m°S>obÛmao `m à{H«$òV kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$VrMo AgmYmaU _hÎd gwñnï> Ho$bobo Amho. `m _m°S>b o Ûmao ì`dñWmnZmg, g§emoYH$mg Amnë`m d¡Mm[aH$ à{H«$òg MmbZm XoÊ`mg àmoËgmhZ àmá hmoV.o g§ñWoer g§~{§ YV KQ>H$, Ë`mA§VJ©V ghg§~Y§ `m§Mr gwgJ§ V _m§S>Ur d Ë`mVrb A§Vaà{H«$`m ho g§ñWoMo kmZì`dñWmnZ H$aÊ`mg H$go nyaH$ AmhoV ho boìhrQ> `m§Zr Amnë`m nwT>rb _m°S>ob _YyZ _m§S>bobo Amho. Amho. ➤ ➤ ➤ Technology ➤ People ì`pVg_yh ➤ ➤ ➤ V§ÌkmZ ➤ ➤ kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 14 ➤ ➤ EImÚm EH$ê$n JQ>mH$Sy>Z _yb^yV J¥hrVH$mMm n°Q>Z© Omo emoYmÛmao, g§emoYZmÛmao Amboë`m AZw^dmda qH$dm {dH${gV Ho$boë`m g_ñòÀ`m ñnï>Vo~Ôb d A§VJ©V aMZm Or A§{V_V: nmÌ dm Cn`wV R>amdr d {OÀ`m AmYmao ZdmJVm§Zm Vr {eH$dyZ Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z {dMmamÛmao, g_ñòMr nyV©Vm H$aVm `mdr Ago `m ì`m»`mMo ñdê$n AgyZ Vr A{YH$ gwñnï> Amho. g§ñH¥$VrÛmao g§ñWoÀ`m CËnmXZ dm godm{Z{_©VrÀ`m `moJXmZmMoM ho ÚmoVH$ Amho. H$mohoZ `m g§X^m©V nwT>o åhUVmo, H$moUË`mhr g§ñWoMr g§ñH¥$Vr hr AZw^d d Ë`m g§ñWoer {ZJ{S>V nyd©gwatÀ`m H$m`m©Zw^d d Ë`m§À`m à^mdmVyZM {Z_m©U Pmbobr AgVo d Ë`mM AmYmamda Vr {dH${gV hmoV AgVo. VgoM Vr {d{eï> JQ>mH$Sy>Z Aä`mgboë`m CËnmXZ d godm§Mo ñdê$n Am{U Ë`m {Z_m©U H$aVmZm àmá Pmboë`m AZw^dmVyZ {gÕ hmoV AgVo. kmZì`dñWmnZ CnH«$_m§Mr gmVË`nyd©H$ àJVr hr g§ñH¥$VrÀ`m ghH$m`m©{edm` Task CËnmXZ/godm ➤ 'Culture : A pattern of basic assumptions invented, descovered or developed by a given groups as it learns to cope with its problems of external adoption and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to those problems.' Structure AmH¥${V~§Y Knowledge Management Culture kmZì`dñWmnZ {bìhrQ> `m§À`m åhUÊ`mZwgma g§»`mË_H$ èñdr ~XbmgmR>r CËnmXZ d godm, ì`pVg_yh, V§ÌkmZ `mMr aMZm hr {Z`mo{OV ñdê$nmV AgUo AË`§V Amdí`H$ Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 15 boìhrQ> `m§À`m _m°S>b o _Yrb KQ>H$ (1) CËnmXZ AWdm godm (Task) dñVyMr {Z{_©Vr AWdm godm d Ë`m g§~§{YV BVa nyaH$ dñVy dm Cngodm hm EImÚm g§ñWoZo hmVr KoVbobm CnH«$_ hm CËnmXZ ñdê$nmV {dMmamV KoUo JaOoMo Amho Ago boìhrQ> `m§Zr Z_yX Ho$bo AgyZ "h°H$_Z d bm°JQ>' ho CËnmXZo hr ~m~ "H¥$Vr dm H$m_' `m AWm©Zo ÜdZrV H$aVmV. `m A§VJ©V {d{dYVm, ñdm`ÎmVm, {d{eï>Vm d à{VgmX `m _yb^yV KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe AgyZ `mM ~m~r godm g_mYmZmg§X^m©V Amdí`H$ Agë`mMo Z_yX H$aVmV. kmZ, ì`dñWmnZmVrb H$moqS>J, CÎm_ /XO}Xma nÕVrZo g_mdoeZ d ghH$mar VÎdmda kmZg§àofUmg {Xem {ZX}{eV H$aUo d Ë`mÛmao ""kmZOmio'' (Knowledge Network) V`ma H$aUo hmo`. CXmhaUmW©, B©-_ob, ghH$mar VÎdmdarb A§VJ©V Omio (Internate), S>mQ>m ~o{gg, àboI ì`dñWmnZ, BboQ´>m°{Zg ~wbo{Q>Z ~moS²>©g d MMm© JQ>. kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$Vr_Üò BVa KQ>H$XoIrb {dMmamV KoUo JaOoMo Amho. Á`m_Üò ~XbUmao KQH$ ho A{YH$ _hÎdnyU© AmhoV. boìhrQ> `m§À`m _VmZwgma ~XbmgmR>r ho Mma KQ>H$ Oar H$maUr^yV Agbo VarXoIrb BVa KQ>H$hr ~Xb à{H«$òH$[aVm _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m ~Omdy eH$VmV. J«W § mb`rZ ì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$Vr àË`j H¥$VrgmR>r V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$ê$Z {Z_m©U Ho$bobr gmYZo d Ë`m§da AmYm[aV H$amd`mMr H¥$Vr. CXmhaUmW©, g§JUH$. boìhrQ>À`m _m°S>obZwgma V§ÌkmZ hr nÕVr, à{H«$`m d {Z{_©VrMr AWdm CËnmXZmMr gmYZo `m§Ûmao kmZ g§àofUmV _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m ~OmdVo. VgoM A°bdr d boÝS>a `m§Zr Z_yX Ho$boë`m ~m~r åhUOo _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZmMo g§»`mË_H$ J«§Wmbò hr godm^mdr g§ñWm åhUyZ H$m`©aV Agë`mZo ghm{OH$M J«§Wb`m§gmR>r "kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$Vr' `m g§H$ënZoMm AmnmoAmnM g§~§Y àñWm{nV hmoVmo. godm ho EH$ CËnmXZM AgVo Am{U hr godm XO}XmanUo {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r _Zwî`~i, V§ÌkmZ `m ~m~r J«§Wmb`me>r g§~§{YV AmhoV d Ë`mM J«§Wmb`mÀ`m godm{Z{_©Vr d {dVaUm_Üò _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m ~OmdV AgVmV. g§ñH¥$Vr hr g§ñWoÀ`m nydm©Zw^dmVyZ {gÕ hmoV Agë`mZo Vr J«§Wmb`m§er {ZJ{S>V Amho Am{U J«§Wmb`mÀ`m {dH$mgmg Vr H$maUr^yV AgVo. Ë`m_wio g§ñH¥$Vr hr {dÚ_mZ d ^{dî`mVrb J«§Wmb`mVrb à_wIm§Zm d Ë`m joÌmVrb ì`VtZm _mJ©Xe©Z H$aob / EH$ ~m¡{ÕH$ g«moV ì`pVJV dm J«§Wmb` (g§ñWm) `m§À`m XO}Xma {dH$mgmH$[aVm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoB©b. J«§Wmbò Am{U BVa gm§ñH¥${VH$ g§ñWm eVH$mZweVHo$ Ë`m§À`m nyd©na§nam, Ë`m g§ñWm§Vrb ì`Vr d ì`pVJV AZw^d `m§da AmYm[aV ZdmJVmH$[aVm EH$ gm§ñH¥ {VH$ dmagm àË`j AWdm AàË`jnUo {Z_m©U H$aVmV. `m§_Üò J«§Wmb`m§Mr dmQ>Mmb, H$m_H$mO nÕVr d J«§Wmb`m§Mm EH$ {d{eï> T>mMm `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. `mM~amo~a Aem KQ>H$m§~amo~a J«§Wmb`m~ÔbMr lÕm, ^mfm nÕVr d àH$ma, dmQ>Mmbr g§X^m©Vrb Eo{Vhm{gH$ KQ>Zm d VËg_ nyU© è dm Anè `mVyZ àmá Pmbobo AZw^d `m§Mmhr A§V^m©d hmoVmo. J«§Wmbò EHy$UM _mJUr g§ñH¥ Vr g§X^m©V _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m ~OmdV AgVmV. gÜ`mÀ`m n[apñWVrV hr ^y{_H$m Va J«§Wmb`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo A{YH$M AmìhmZmË_H$ Amho. H$maU AmOH$mb J«§Wmb`mVrb gm_m{OH$ AmñWm EH$m ~mOyZo H$_r hmoV Amho; Va XwgarH$S>o ImOJr g§ñWm d emgZ `m§À`mH$Sy>Zhr J«§Wmb`m§H$[aVm CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xë`m OmUmè`m AZwXmZm_Üò bjUr` H$nmV hmoVmZm {XgVo. Ë`m_wio H$Xm{MV J«§Wmb`m§Mm bm^hr hmoD$ eHo$b. H$maU J«§Wb`m§Mr _yb^yV à~i gmYZo H$moUVr d H$_VaVm dm ÌwQ>r `m§Mm emoY KoD$Z J«§Wmb`m§Mm Zdm Agm à^mdr d ñdV:À`m kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 16 kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 17 (2) AmH¥${V~§Y (Structure) boìhrQ> `m§À`m _VmZwgma AmH¥${V~§Y åhUOo EH$ g§n«ofU nÕVr. `m A§VJ©V A{YH$ H$m_ gmVË` hm KQ>H$ {dMmamV KoUo hmo`. `m joÌmVrb {_ÝQ>P~J©, Wm°_gZ, J°b~«oW Aem Vkm§Zr AmH¥${V~§YmÀ`m~m~V g§ñWoÀ`m C[Ôï>m§Mm {dMma Ho$bobm Amho. `m_Üò gd© N>moQ>çm_moR>çm ~m~tMm A§V^m©d Ho$bobm Amho. Va A{bdyS>Zo `m g§emoYZmVyZ VrM ~m~ g§ñWoZo Amnbr C{Ôï>o nwar H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m_Jmam§H$[aVm ~hmb Ho$bobr / CnbãY Ho$bobr d g§ñWoÛmao {Z`§{ÌV Ho$bobr nÕVr `m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ {dMmamV KoVbobr Amho. (3) ì`pVg_yh (People) boìhrQ> `m§À`m _VmZwgma Oo ì`pVg_yh åhUOo àË`j H¥$Vr H$aVmV dm Oo g§ñWoMo H$m_ H$aVmV Ago bmoH$ AWdm _Zwî` Aem n«H$mao `mMr ì`m»`m Ho$bobr Amho Va bmod°M d {g½_§S> `m§Zr ì`pVg_yhmMo XmoZ n«H$mam§V {d^mOZ Ho$bobo AgyZ Vo àË`j d AàË`j èñdr JQ>mV H$aVmV. `m~m~V BVa AZoH$ VÁk ì`º$s¨Zr _Vo ì`º$ Ho$bobr Agbr VarXoIrb boìhrQ>À`m _yb^yV g§H$ënZog Ë`m_wio ~mYm òV ZgyZ Ë`mVyZ A§{V_V: àoaUm, àmoËgmhZ d {Xem hrM ÜdZrV hmoVo, Or _Zwî`~imÀ`m H¥$Vrg MmbZm XoVo. (4) V§ÌkmZ (Technology) {dMmamV KoD$Z nwT>rb àH$maÀ`m J«§Wmb`m§gmR>r g§ñH¥$VrMm {dMma H$aUo e` Pmbo Amho. Am{W©H$ g«moVmÀ`m _mJ© emoYyZ J«§Wmb`mMo _hÎd d Cn`wVVm {gÕ H$aUo gwb^ hmoB©b. AWm©V ho J«§Wmb`mgma»`m godm^mdr g§ñWm§g_moarb \$ma _moR>o AmìhmZ Amho. nU ñdV:Mr gm§ñH¥${VH$ _yëò gm§^miV Am{U ì`pV_Îd OnV EH$ eVr d ~bòmoV åhUyZ J«§Wmbò C^r amhmÊ`mgmR>r Zdr nm`dmQ> Cn`wV R>aobM Agm `m joÌmVrb VÁkm§Zm {dmg dmQ>Vmo. ñdrZ (Schein) `mÀ`m _VmZwgma g§ñH¥$Vr hr VrZ ñVam§da H$m`©aV AgVo. `m_Üò (1) dñVwpñWVr d {Z{_©Vr, (2) _yë` d (3) _yb^yV J¥hrVHo$ `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. n{hbm ñVa hm Ñí` ñdê$nmVrb AgyZ d¡`pVH$ d gm_m{OH$ dmVmdaU, ^mfm d g_mO `m§À`mer g§~§{YV Amho. n{hë`m ñVamVrb ^mfm KQ>H$mVrb J«§Wmb`mMr ^mfm hr H$mbgmnoj ~XbV AgVo. òWo ^mfm hr H¥$Vrer g§~§{YV Amho. AbrH$S>rb Am°ZbmB©Z emoY, {S>{OQ>b g§X^©g«moV, B§Q>aZoQ> S>oQ>m~og hr `mMr CXmhaUo hmoV. VgoM H$nmQ>mVrb J«§Wm§Mr OmJm d Vm{bH$sH$aUmMr nÌo `m§À`m OmJr g§JUH$ ZoQ>dH©$, _pëQ>_r{S>`m `m g«moVm§Mm dmna Ho$bm OmV Amho. EHy$UM V§ÌkmZmZo `m~m~VrV A_ybmJ« ~Xb Ho$bobm Amho. {ÛVr` ñVam_Üò _yë` hr ~m~ {dMmamV KoVmZm J«§Wmb` à_wImZo (g§ñWmà_wImZo) EH$ {d{eï> ^y{_H$m KoD$Z _yë`mË_H$ YmoaUmMm à^md {Z_m©U Ho$ë`mg Ë`mÀ`m g§àfo UmVyZ `m _yë`m§Mo _hÎd d èñdrVm {gÕ Pmë`mg gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmQ>MmbrMr EH$ g§àofU nÕVr {gÕ hmoVo. Ë`mMm nwT>o n«gma d dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. J«§Wb`mg§X^m©V "`wOa \«|$S>br' J{V_mZ godm (doi dmMmdm) d bdMrH$Vm `m VÎdm§Mm {dMma Ho$bm OmVmo ho Aem èmMoM ÚmoVH$ Amho. {Vgè`m ñVamVrb _yb^yV J¥hrVH$m§_Üò dmnabr OmV Agobobr VÎdo dm nÕVr `mH$[aVm {M{H$ËgH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ dm gyú_ {ZarjU `m§Mm Adb§~ H$aUo JaOoMo AgVo. H$maU J«§Wmbò hr _yëò, à^md AWdm gj_Vm Am{U ^ì` Agm gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmagm H$m`©aV H$aVmV. VgoM g§ñWm dm g_mOmVrb CnKQ>H$ `m§Mmhr à^md J«§Wmb` g§ñWoda hmoV AgVmo, hohr {dgaVm òUmao Zmhr. EHy$UM J«§Wmb` g§ñH¥$Vr g§X^m©V ñdrZ `m§Zr Ho$bobo {ddoMZ ho AË`§V {M{H$ËgH$ AgyZ Ë`m_Üò gyM[dbobr J¥hrVHo$ hr {dñVm[aV d _hmJS>r AgyZ Vr doiImD$ AmhoV. `m_wio bhmZ J«W§ mb`m§~amo~aM _moR>çm J«W§ mb`m§Zm Ë`mMm Adb§~ H$aUo e` Zmhr. `m g§X^m©V "ì`dhm`©' Aer {dMmaYmam Quinn & Rohr Baugh, Kimberly & Cameron `m§À`m VÎdmer OmoS>bobr Amho. g§ñH¥$VrMo àH$ma {dMmamV KoVmZm (1) à^mdr gm§ñH¥${VH$ d¡{eîQ>ç, (2) ZoV¥Ëd e¡br, (3) _Zwî`~i ì`dñWmnZ, (4) g§ñWoMr {MH$mQ>r,(5) ì`mdhm[aH$ d YmoaUmË_H$ Omoa, (6) èñdrVoH$[aVm {dMmamV KoVbobo {ZH$f `m CnKQ>H$m§Mm {dMma H$ê$ZM J«§Wmb` g§ñH¥$VrMo àH$ma {ZYm©[aV H$aUo dm R>a{dUo e` hmoVo. `m ~m~r e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm§Mm A{d^mÁ` KQ>H$ åhUOo J«W§ mbò hmo`. emim, _hm{dÚmbò, {dÚmnrR> ZOaog_moa òVmM J«§Wmb`m§Mm {dMma An[ahm`© R>aVmo. e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Mo {ejUà{H«$òVrb `moJXmZ {dMmamV KoVm Ë`m§Mo ñdê$n nyU©V: {^Þ AgVo. hr J«§Wmbò gd©gm_mÝ`V: Am¡nMm[aH$ ñdê$nmMr AgVmV. `mnydu e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§_Üò XmoZ ñVar` ZoV¥Ëdì`dñWm hmoVr. EH$ {d^mJr` ì`dñWmnZ d Xwgam J«§Wmb` àemgH$. `mVrb {d^mJr` ì`dñWmnH$ ho AZw^dr J«W§ nmb AgV d Vo J«W§ mb`mÀ`m èñdrVoH$[aVm O~m~Xma AgV. {dÚmWu d {deofËdmZo {ejHdJ© `m§À`m dmMZgm{hË`{df`H$ JaOm§Mr nyV©Vm `mdaM Ë`m§Mo èmnè Adb§~yZ Agë`mZo g_mO Am{U ì`pVJV godm§Zm Aem J«§Wmb`mV gw{dYm CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xë`m OmV ZgV. J«§Wmb`mVrb g§X^© godm `m§Mo ñdê$nhr Ho$di {dÚmWu Am{U H$_©Mmar ({ejH$) `m§À`mnwaVoM _`m©{XV am{hbo. ^{dî`mV hiyhiy `m_Üò ~Xb hmoV Jobm. ~XbË`m e¡j{UH$ dmVmdaUm_wio `m godm H$mhr à_mUmV g_mOm{^_wI Pmë`m. VgoM Aer J«§Wmbò Ho$di ñdV:À`m dmMZgm{hË`mMm AmYmaM godmnyV©VogmR>r KoV AgV. ~XbUmè`m dmVmdaUm_wio d dmMZgm{hË` {dH$mg d {dñVmam_wio `m J«§Wmb`m§Zm _mV¥g§ñWm§Mm AmYma KoUo H«$_àmá R>abo. VgoM g§~§{YV g§ñWm§Mr J«§Wmbò hr hiyhiy Aem J«§Wmb` ghH$mamV A§V^©yV hmoD$Z godm§Mo ñdê$n ~Xbbo. VgoM Ë`m§Mm {dñVmahr dmT>V Jobm. V§ÌkmZmVrb Am_ybmJ« ~Xb d Ë`mMm J«§Wmb`mVrb A§V^m©d, Am{W©H$ g«moVmV Pmbobr dmT> Am{U ñnYm© `m_wio J§«Wnmb, H$_©Mmar dJ© Am{U àË`j g§ñWm `m§Zm ho gmao ~Xb ñdrH$mê$Z godm§Mo ñdê$n d {dñVma H$aUo JaOoMo R>abo. dmMZgm{hË`mMo ~XbVo ñdê$n, ~mø g«moVm§Mr JaO, `m dmMZgm{hË`mMo g§J«hU, Vm§{ÌH$ CnñH$ma ho gmao Zì`m dmVmdaUmZwgma H$aUo hr ~m~ JaOoMr R>abr. `m_wio J«§Wmb`mVrb H$_©Mmar dJm©g Amnë`m H$m`©nÕVr d H$m¡eë` `m§À`mV ~Xb H$aUo An[ahm`© R>abo. g§JUH$mMm dmna, B§Q>aZoQ> gw{dYm, {S>{OQ>m`PoeZMm A§V^m©d, S>mQ>m ~±H$ / S>mQ>m ~og, B©-~wg, B©-OZ©ëg `m_wio `m J«§Wmb`m§À`m godm d ñdê$nmV H$mbgmnoj ~Xb H$aUo JaOoMo R>abo. Oar ho ~Xb hmoV am{hbo VarXoIrb `m ~m~rMm Ëd[aV Adb§~ H$aUo J«§Wmb`mg e` Pmbobo Zmhr. n[aUm_V: dmMH$m§À`m JaOm g_mYmZH$maH$[aË`m nwa{dÊ`mV AmOhr e` Pmbobo Zmhr. dmMH$m§~amo~a àemgZmZohr Ho$di godm^mdr Z amhVm (Cost effective) Va Vo {H$_VrÀ`m ñdê$nmVhr (\$m`Xm ñdê$nmV) (Cost benificiary) kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 18 kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 19 (A) e¡j{UH$ J«W § mbò {dMmamV KoUo JaOoMo Amho. (Am) gmd©O{ZH$ J«W § mbò gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmbò hr gwédmVrg Ym{_©H$ ñdê$nmÀ`m dmMZgm{hË`mg àmYmÝ` XoUmar AerM hmoVr. ~XbË`m g_mOì`dñWoZwgma Ë`m§Mo ñdê$n ho g_mO à~moYZ d g_mOmMo _Zmoa§OZ `m Ñï>rZo {dH${gV hmoV Jobo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m godm§Mm {dñVmahr hmoV Jobm. nmíMmÎ` Xoem§V `m J«§Wmb`m§Zm g_mOmV A{YH$m{YH$ _hÎdmMo ñWmZ àmá Pmbobo Amho. AZwXmZmMo nwaogo g«moV CnbãY Agë`m_wio `m J«§Wmb`m§Mm H$mbgmnoj {dñVma d {dH$mg hmoV Jobm. nU ^maVmgma»`m XoemV EHo$ H$mir AË`§V g_¥Õ Agbobr gmd©O{ZH$ J«W§ mb`ì`dñWm AmO {Zîà^ R>abobr Amho. emgZmMr CXmgrZVm, Anwam Am{W©H$ nwadR>m d dmMZgm{hË`m~Ôb, dmMZm~Ôb g_mOmMr ~Xbbobr AmË_r`Vm `m_wio gmd©O{ZH$ J«W§ mb`mMm òWo nwae o m à_mUmV {dH$mg d {dñVma Pmbobm Zmhr. `m J«§Wmb`m§Mo ì`dñWmnZ ho `m ~XbË`m n[apñWVr {dñH$irV Pmë`mMo {XgVo. `m_wio dmMZgm{hË`mVrb Am_ybmJ« ~Xb, V§ÌkmZmÀ`m A§V^m©dmMm A^md `m_wio `m J«§Wmb`m§À`m godmhr A{dH${gV am{hë`m AmhoV d gJiçm ~m~tMm A§{V_ n[aUm_ J«§Wmb`mÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmdahr hmoV Jobobm OmUdVmo. g§emoYZ J«§Wmbò, Am¡nMm[aH$ J«§Wmbò `m_Üò Ë`m§À`m JaOm§Mm {dMma H$aVm H$mbgmnoj AÚ`mdV hmoUo JaOoMo hmoVo. VgoM Aem J«§Wmb`m§Zm CnbãY Agbobo Am{W©H$ g«moV ho H$mhr à_mUmV nwaogo Agë`mZo Ë`m§Mm {dH$mg d {dñVma H$mbgmnoj hmoV Joë`mZo Ë`m§À`m godmhr à^mdrnUo CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xë`m Joë`m. {deofËdmZo g§emoYZ J«§Wmb`m§À`m _Üò Ago ~Xb Ëd[aV ñdrH$mabo Job.o AmYw{ZH$ godmgmYZm§À`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Am¡Úmo{JH$ J«W§ mbò ^maVmgma»`m A{dH${gV XoemV nwaoer gj_ Pmbobr ZmhrV; Ë`m_wio Aem J«§Wmb`m§À`m g§ñH¥$VrV H$mbgmnoj gj_ ~Xb Pmë`mMo AmT>iV Zmhr. EHy$UM gd©ñVar` J«W § mb`mÀ`m g§ñH¥$VrMm {dMma H$aVm (1) J«§Wmb` àemgZmZo d Ë`m§À`m ZoË`m§Zr (J«§Wnmbm§Zr) XrK©H$mbrZ na§nam§Mo ñW¡`© d AZwXmZ `m§À`m AmYmao Amnë`m J«§Wmb` AmH¥${V~§YmV ~Xb Ho$bobm AmT>iVmo. (2) ^{dî`mVrb ~Xbm§Mm {dMma H$aUo d Ë`m§Mm A§V^m©d H$aUo `mMr An[ahm`©Vm `m joÌmVrb ì`VtZm Pmbobr Amho. (3) Anwè`m Am{W©H$ g«mVo m§Mm d Cn^moË`m§À`m dmT>Ë`m JaOm d Anojm `m§Mm g_Vmob gmYUo e` hmoV Agë`mZo `m J«§Wmb`mVrb H$_©MmardJm©Mr Adb§{~VVm dmT>bb o r Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 20 (4) J«§Wmbò hr godm^mdr g§ñWm Agë`mZo Ë`m§Zm ñdV:Mo Ago nwaogo Am{W©H$ g«moV {Z_m©U H$aUo e` hmoV Zmhr. `m_wio òWrb H$_©MmardJm©g ~m§YrbH$s, CËnmXH$Vm, à^mdr godm d godm§Mm {dñVma `m ~m~tMm à^mdrnUo Adb§~ H$aUo Ae` hmoV Amho. (5) H$_©MmardJm©g Zì`m ~Xbm_wio {deofËdmZo V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Adb§~m_wio à{ejUmMr JaO {Z_m©U Pmbobr Amho. à{ejU nwaoem à_mUmV gd© ñVam§Zm CnbãY Z Pmë`mZo J«§Wmb`m§À`m godm§dahr Xwîn[aUm_ hmoV Amho. (6) `m joÌmVrb H$_©Mmè`m§Zm Amdí`H$ Aä`mgH«$_m§Mm A§V^m©d à^mdr Pmë`mg d nwaogo Am{W©H$ g«moV CnbãY Pmë`mg J«§Wmb` godm§Mm {dH$mg d {dñVma hmoB©b. `m_wio J«§Wmbò dmMH$m{^_wI ~m§YrbH$s gj_nUo nwar H$ê$ eH$Vrb. AmOH$mb B§Q>aZoQ>, {S>{OQ>b J«§Wmbò `m§Mm hmoV Agbobm {dH$mg d Ë`m§Mm gd©ñVar` Adb§~ ho J«W§ mb` g§ñH¥$Vrg_moarb _moR>o AmìhmZ Amho. kmZì`dñWmnZmgmR>r V§ÌkmZmMm à^mdr dmna, nañna AmXmZàXmZVm, Zì`m kmZg«moVm§À`m d ~mø g«moVm§À`m ñdê$nmV ñdrH$ma. CXmhaUmW©, H$mob°~ao{Q>ìh ßb°Q>\$m°åg© [anm°{PQ>arO `m§Mm gmnoj dmna d Ë`mda AmYm[aV à^mdr godm, J«W§ mb`godm§Mo _m{hVrgodm§V hmoV Agbobo n[adV©Z Am{U Ë`m à^mdrnUo dmMH$m§À`m (Cn^moË`m§)n`ªV nmohMUo JaOoMo Agë`mZo à{ejUmg àmYmÝ`H«$_ àmá Pmbobm Amho. g§JUH$gmjaVm, _m{hVrgmjaVm Ago `m à{ejUmMo ñdê$n Zì`m ~XbmZwgma ñdrH$maUo JaOoMo Amho. Zì`m Am{W©H$ g«moVm§Mm emoY `m gdmªMm n[aUm_ J«§Wmb` ì`dñWmnZmda hmoUo H«$_àmá Amho. `m_wio ì`dñWmnZmVrb Am_ybmJ« ~Xb hr An[ahm`© ~m~ hmoD$Z ~gbobr Amho. Aem Adb§~mH$[aVm Zdr à_mUHo$ {ZYm©[aV H$aUo, {ZH$f {Z`_m§Mm Adb§~ H$aUo, à^mdr godm XoV AgVmZm Amnë`m J«W§ mb`mMr gwa{jVVm OnUo d d¡{eîQ>ç {Q>H${dUo ho J«W§ mb`joÌmVrb AmYw{ZH$ g§ñH¥$VrH$[aVm \$ma _moR>o AmìhmZ Amho. g§X^© (1) (2) (3) Wilkins A. L. & Dyer W.H., Discards Culturally Sensitive Theories of Culture Change, The Academy of Management Review, 13(4), 1988. Michelle L. & Others, Library Trends, Summer 2004. www. midwestacademy.org/proceeding/2005/papers/hurley green %20 revision.doc. ooo kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 21 gh`moJr CnH«$_ àm. Or.E. ~wdm gh`moJr kmZì`dñWmnZ AmOH$mb kmZg§àofUmgmR>r AË`§V _hÎdmMr ~m~ åhUyZ AmoiIbr OmD$ bmJbr Amho. Aem kmZì`dñWmnZmV XmoZ KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo : (1) gh`moJr kmZ g_yh (_mZdr Omio), d (2) Ë`mMo à^mdr _m{hVr gmhM`© (S>mQ>m ZoQ>dH©$). Aem àH$mao EH$ hmVr V§ÌkmZmÀ`m ghH$m`m©Zo ^m¡{VH$ ñdê$nmV ApñVËdmV AWdm CnbãY Agboë`m kmZg«mVo m§Mo ghg§~Y§ , à^mdrnUo Am°ZbmB©Z V§ÌkmZmAmYmao _hÎdnyU© V§ÌkmZmV Ë`mMo ê$nm§Va H$aVm Ambo Amho. `mM~amo~a gm_m{OH$ OmiçmÛmao kmZmMm gm_y{hH$ dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. Agm AmH¥${V~§Y, kmZg«mVo m§_Üò g_Ýd` gmYÊ`mH$[aVm Cn`wV R>aVmo. Ë`mM~amo~a bmoH$g_yhmV gm_m{OH$ Omio V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r CnH$maH$ R>aVmo. Aem CnH«$_m§Zm d¡pídH$ g«mVo (ontoversies) åhUyZ g§~mo{Ybo OmVo. Aem CnH«$_m§Ûmao gh`moJr A{^`m§{ÌH$s ì`dñWmnZ nÕVr d kmZ AmXmZàXmZmH$[aVm emñÌr` nÕVrZo Cnm` CnbãY hmoVmV. 1. gm_wXm{`H$ kmZ gmXarH$aUmMo ZoQ>dH©$ V§ÌkmZ Am§VaOmio ho kmZ gmXarH$aUmÀ`m Ñï>rZo {dMmamV KoVm, `m_Üò VÎdnÕVr, ì`Vr d Ë`m§Mo ghg§~Y§ Agbobo JQ> {d{eï> kmZjoÌmda H$m`©aV AgVmV. Vo EH${ÌVnUo {d{eï> ñdê$nmMo kmZjoÌ, {Z`_mdbr Am{U ^mfm {ZpíMV H$ê$Z H$m_ H$aVmV. `mÛmao g§JUH$mH$[aVm kmZjoÌmÀ`m ñdê$nmMo H$miOrnyd©H$ dU©Z H$aVmV. `mMmM AW© Agm Aem CnH«$_mVyZ g§JUH$ _mÜ`_mH$[aVm EH$ {MÌ d AmH¥${V~§Y gwñnï> H$ê$Z kmZjoÌmMr H$maUna§nam _m§S>Ur H$aUo hmo`. Aem OmiçmÛmao {deofËdmZo _m{hVrMo JQ> g«moV, {d{eîQ> ñdê$n ho gwñnï> Ho$bo OmVmV d A§{V_V: kmZjoÌhr gwñnï> hmoVo. nyd©na§naonojm Aem Am§VaOmiçmÛmao JQ> ñdê$nmV àboIZ H$ê$Z kmZ{dñVma Ho$bm OmVmo. _m{hVrMo àË`j ñdê$n emoYVm Ë`mVrb ghg§~§YmMo ñdê$n {X½Xe©Z H$aÊ`mg `mÛmao _XV hmoD$Z _m{hVrÀ`m EH$g§KVoVrb g_ñ`m g_OÊ`mgmR>r Vo CnH$maH$ R>aVmV. H$maU kmZmMm àËòH$ KQ>H$ hm ApñVËdmV dm CnbãY Agboë`m kmZmer g§~{§ YV AgVmo. Aem kmZ gmXarH$aUmMm nwT>rb ~m~ter g§~§Y òVmo. kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 22 (A) _m{hVrMr EH$g§KVm d¡km{ZH$ S>mQ>mMr AmOH$mb do~gmR>r gmR>dUyH$, nwZàm©ár d S>mQ>m ghg§~§Y àñWmnUo ho {dídgmh© joÌ åhUyZ AmoiIbo OmD$ bmJbo Amho. d¡km{ZH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Ago kmZg§Jh« d {bImU ho _yb^yV d Amdí`H$ R>ê$ bmJbo Amho. AmnU gw{ZpíMVnUo H|$Ðr^yV Ho$bobm OrdemñÌr` S>mQ>m EH$g§K ñdê$nmV CnbãY Z hmoUo hr EH$ g_ñ`mM Amho. CXmhaUmW©, A{Z`§{ÌV g§X^m©Vrb S>mQ>m {dMmamV KoVmZm `m_Üò àboI ñdê$nmVrb S>mQ>m ~amo~aM D$Vr Ý`wbrAmoQ>mB©S> H«$_dmar, A°_mZmo A°grS> H«$_dmar, AUw§Mm {Ì{_Vr` AmH¥${V~§Y d àm`mo{JH$ Vnerb, g§X^m©Vrb S>mQ>m Aem KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. Aem pñWVrV Amdí`H$ Agbobm OrdemñÌr` S>mQ>m n[aUm_H$maH$nUo g§J«{hV H$aVmZm g_ñ`m {Z_m©U hmoVmV. {dñ\$moQ> ñdê$n {Z{_©Vr OrdemñÌr` S>mQ>mMo dJuH$aU, g§nH©$j_Vm Am{U àË`j CnbãYVm `m§Mr JaO ^mgy bmJbr Amho. `mM ~amo~a AmOH$mb àM§S> à_mUmV {Z_m©U hmoUmam OrdemñÌr` S>mQ>m `mMr XIb KoD$Z emñÌr` nÕVrZo g§H${bV H$aUo d Ë`mMr g§nH©$ j_Vm AZoH$ emIr` ñdê$nmV dmT>{dUo / d¥qÕJV H$aUo ho AmOÀ`m kmZì`dñWmnZmg_moa _moR>o AmìhmZ Amho. OZwH$s` V§ÌkmZ d Ë`mMm gImob Aä`mg Aem gyú_Va KQ>H$mVyZ ZdZdr Aä`mgjoÌo {dH${gV hmo V Amho V . `m_w i o kmZ J{V_mZ Pmbo b o Amho . AË`§ V N> m o Q > ç m Aä`mgjoÌm~Ôb AÚ`mdVVm R>odUo àË`j emñÌkm§Zmhr Ae` R>aV Amho. `m gJiçmMrM n[aUVr ZoQ>dH©$ V§ÌkmZmÛmao kmZ J{V_mZ ñdê$nmV CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMr A{YH$m{YH$ JaO {Z_m©U hmoV Amho. `m_wio O¡{dH$ V§ÌOmio Aem gyú_ {df`mer g§~§{YV ZoQ>dH©$ g§àofUì`dñWm JaOoMr R>ê$ bmJbobr Amho. Aem nmíd©^y_rda kmZmMm gm_y{hH$ dmna hr g§H$ënZm ~i Yê$ bmJbr AgyZ `mÛmao Zì`m kmZjoÌmVrb kmZ d Ë`m g§X^m©Vrb S>mQ>m g§H${bV H$aUo d CnbãY H$aUo ì`dñWmnH$s` Ñï>rZo e` hmoB©b Agm {dMma ÑT> hmoV Amho. (Am) ZoQ>dH©$ V§ÌkmZmÛmao kmZdmQ>n d¡km{ZH$ {df` joÌm~mhoahr AmOH$mb ZoQ>dH©$Ûmao {MÌo, àH$meZo, ~wH$_mH©$ `m§Mo g§J«hU ho do~À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _moR>çm à_mUmV Ho$bo OmV Agë`mMo OmUdVo. S>mQ>mMm Adb§~ H$ê$Z g§nH©$ì`dñWm CnbãY Ho$br OmV Amho. AmH¥${V~§Y{dahrV ñdê$nmVrb g§nH©$j_Vm hr nma§n[aH$ Vm§{ÌH$ CnñH$mamhyZ H$_r Agë`mMo OmUdVo. `m ~XbË`m dmVmdaUmV Cn^moË`m§Zr gd©Xya _OHw$amMr gyMrhr do~ dmnamH$[aVm àmW{_H$ ñVamda {ZdS>bobr Amho. `m_wio S>mQ>m dmnamH$[aVm OmJ¥Vr {Z_m©U Pmbobr kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 23 Amho. `mMr A§{V_ n[aUVr åhUOo eãXdoYmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ A{YH$ gj_ ZoQ>dH©$ V§ÌkmZmMm Adb§~ H$aÊ`mMr OmJéH$Vm gm_m{OH$ ñVamda hmoUo hrM hmo`. 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Zì`mZo {ZdS>boë`m CnH«$_m§gmR>r dm àH$ënmgmR>r Vo ~møg«moVm§Mm emoY KoVmV. Ë`m§Mo ñdê$n Ý`mhmiVmV Am{U Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m JaOm§Mr nyV©Vm Aem CnH«$_mVyZ hmoB©b `mMm {dídmg dmQ>VmM Vo Aem CnH«$_mV gh^mJr hmoVmV. EImÚmg àmW{_H$ ñVamda CnH«$_ `mo½` dmQ>bmM Zmhr Va Vo ñdV§ÌnUo CnH«$_m§Mr C^maUr H$aVmV d AmnmoAmnM àH$ën àemgH$ hmoVmV, hr ZoQ>dH©$ V§ÌkmZ àH$ënmMr n{hbr nmàr AgVo. Aem gm_y{hH$ CnH«$_mV, gdmªMo ghH$m`© hr ~m~ AË`§V _hÎdmMr AgVo. `m àH$ënmMr ì`már, C{Ôï>o, gm_y{hH$ CÔoe, joÌ `m§Mo ñdê$n ñnï> hmoVo d `mZ§Va CnH«$_mV Amdí`H$ ~m~tMr nyVV© m àboI ñdê$nmV CnbãY Ho$br OmVo. nwT>rb ñVamda MMm©, gm§p»`H$s` Vnerb `m§Mm g§J«h Ho$bm OmVmo. àW_V: hm S>mQ>m kmZ ñdê$nmV Cnm{O©V Ho$bm OmVmo. nwT>rb {Z`moOZ d VmpÎdH$ {ddoMZ ¹${MV àg§Jr H$ê$Z Ë`mMo g§nmXZ hmoVo. Wiki gma»`m CnH«$_mVyZ àboIm§Mm emoY hm boIH$mÛmao KoVbm OmVmo. ~møg«moV V§ÌkmZ H$m`©ñdê$n (OrdZH«$_) nwT>rb AmH¥$VrÛmao ñnï> hmoUmao Amho. nwT>rb nmZmda {Xboë`m AmH¥$VrÛmao H$m`© nma nS>V AgVmZm g§nmXZm_Üò nwT>rb g_ñ`m AmT>iVmV. (1) g§nH©$ g§Kf© {ZpíMVVm, (2) {dñH$irV ñdê$nmVrb EH${ÌH$aUmVrb Añnï>Vm, (3) A{YH¥$VVm d g«moV àH$meZ, (4) nwaoer Ñí` gmYZo d V§ÌkmZ, darb g_ñ`m§Mr doirM XIb KoVë`mg Aem àH$ënm§Mr èñdrVm d¥qÕJV hmoVo. O¡{dH$ V§ÌkmZ, CnH$aUo d nÕVr Am{U ZdZdr kmZjoÌo d Ë`m§Mo ZoQ>dH©$ V§ÌkmZ, g«moV{Z{_©Vr `mVrb AZw^d ho {deof bjUr` d {H$MH$Q> AgVmV. EHy$UM Zì`m emoYjoÌmMm àgma d ZdjoÌ{Z{_©Vrg MmbZm XoÊ`mg ho gm_y{hH$ CnH«$_ CnH$maH$ R>aV AmhoV. Aem CnH«$_m§Mr CnbãYVm Amnë`m Cn^moË`m§Zm H$ê$Z {Xë`mg J«W§ mbò d _m{hVrjoÌmMr j_Vm d¥qÕJV hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 26 kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 27 (Am) V§ÌkmZ {S>Pm`Zg© (1) joÌVÁkm§Zr CnbãY Ho$boë`m g«mVo m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z Ë`mMo n[adV©Z ZoQ>dH©$ V§ÌkmZ ^mfm§_Üò H$aUo. (ZoQ>dH©$ S>mQ>m) (2) Am¡nMm[aH$ kmZ gmXarH$aUm~Ôb MMm© H$aUo, Ë`mMo g§nmXZ H$aUo, g§J«hU H$aUo. (H$) àH$ën àemgH$ (1) ZoQ>dH©$ V§ÌkmZ g§~§{YV joÌmMr C{Ôï>o V`ma H$aUo. (2) CnH«$_ à{H«$ò~Ôb MMm© H$aUo, g_Ýd` gmYUo d Ë`mMo ZoV¥Ëd H$aUo. 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EH$ àH$mao gd©Xya g§nH$m©da AmYm[aV Aem CnH«$_m_wio kmZmg d¡pídH$ ñdê$n àmá hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. 6. {d{H$nr{S>`m (Wikipedia) EH$ gh`moJr CnH«$_ hm EH$ gm_y{hH$ CnH«$_ AgyZ `mMo ñdê$n nwT>rbà_mUo ➤ AY©ñd`§M{bV V§ÌkmZ d¥Õr J CnH«$_mMr Amdí`H$Vm {S>Pm`Za d A{^`§Vo `m§Mo ghH$m`© kmZ CnmO©Z ghH$m`© g§nmXZ ➤ {dMmaUm/ _m{hVr gma JaOm§Mr ➤ gmR>dU _mJUr àmoQ>mo Am°ZQ>m°bm°Or g§nmXZ - VmarI - {MÝhm§H$Z - Xa - {dídmgmh©Vm AmOH$mb V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Adb§~ZmZo g§ñWmV§J©V d ~møñdê$nr` g«moVmda AmYm[aV _m{hVr CnbãY H$aÊ`mH$[aVm ñdV§Ì nmoQ>©b {gñQ>r_ CnbãY Ho$bobr AgVo. {^Þ {^Þ ñWbmdarb _m{hVr g§J«hUmgmR>r do~ ~«mD$PaÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo g§nH©$ gmYyZ hr _m{hVr CnbãY H$aVm òVo. g§ñWmV§J©V dmnamH$[aVm doJdoJiçm {d^mJm§Vrb _m{hVrMo g§J«hU ho g§ñWoÀ`m BVa KQ>H$m§Zm CXmhaUmW©, g§ñWmMmbH$, ì`dñWmnH$ d BVa H$_©Mmar `m§Zm Amnë`m {d^mJmVyZ dmnamH$[aVm Cn`wV R>aVo. `m_wio g§ñWog§X^m©Vrb d {VÀ`m H$m_H$mOmg Cn`wV _m{hVr gm_y{hH$ dmnamH$[aVm ghOnUo CnbãY hmoV.o CnH«$_mMo ñdê$n d d¡{eîQ>ço {d{H$nr{S>`m hm AZoH$ ^m{fH$ gm_y{hH$ kmZ dmnamMm g«moV Amho. `m g«moVmMm dmna H$aÊ`mgmR>r `m A§VJ©V Agbobo g§~§{YV n¥ð> {ZX©oeZmH$[aVm A{YH$ _m{hVr kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 29 nwa{dVmV. gm_wXm{`H$ ghH$m`m©Zo d godm^mdm§Zr {gÕ Pmbobm hm g«moV OmJ{VH$ ñVamdarb ghH$m`m©VZy M V`ma Pmbobm Amho. `m gm_y{hH$ do~gmB©Q>Mr ñWmnZm 2001 gmbr Pmbr Am{U Aën H$mimVM hr EH$ _moR>r {dñV¥V Aer g§X^© gmB©Q> åhUyZ JUbr OmD$ bmJbr. {dÚ_mZ pñWVrV `m A§VJ©V 75,000 H$m`©aV gh^mJr AmhoV d Vo 9,000 boIm§da H$m_ H$aV AgyZ ho boI 250 hÿZ A{YH$ ^mfm§_YyZ CnbãY AmhoV. Xa {Xder Xhm hOmam§hÿZ A{YH$ g§nmXZo d e§âmhÿZ A{YH$ boIm§Mr â `m_Üò KmVbr OmV AgyZ {d{H$nr{S>`m A§VJ©V kmZgmR>çmMm {dH$mg hmoV Amho. `m do~gmB©Q>bm ôQ> XoUmè`mH$[aVm H$moUË`mhr {deof e¡j{UH$ nmÌVoMr Amdí`H$Vm ZgVo. Ë`m§Mr àmW{_H$ ñdê$nmVrb ^y{_H$mhr gÜ`m ApñVËdmV Agboë`m kmZmda AmYm[aV boIm§Mr â KmbUo EdT>rM AgVo. e¡j{UH$M Zìho Va gd© d`moJQ>, ì`Vr, gm_m{OH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ nmíd©^y_rVrb H$moUË`mhr ñVamVrb ì`Vr `m do~gmB©Q>_Üò â Kmby eH$VmV. Ho$di g§nmXH$s` n¥ð> pbH$ H$ê$Z H$moUrhr `m boIm§Mo g§nmXZ H$ê$ eH$Vmo. `m_Üò H$YrVarM {deof pñWVr CX²^dVo. VgoM àËòH$ OU Ë`m_Üò H$Yrhr _m{hVr gmR>dy eH$Vmo, {d{H$nr{S>`m A§VJ©V aMZmË_H$ gw{dYmZwgma Ë`m_Üò nyaH$ g§X^©, CoI {ZX©e o `m§Mr â Kmby eH$Vmo. `m_Üò _m{hVrMr â KmbVmZm Ë`m_Üò ÌwQ>r {Z_m©U hmoVrb d Ë`mVrb _m{hVr Zï> hmoB©b Aer H$moUVrhr ^rVr ~miJÊ`mMo H$maU ZgVo. Ooìhm EImXr ì`Vr {d{H$nr{S>`mVrb _m{hVr_Üò â KmbV AgVo dm Ë`m_Üò Amdí`H$ Vo ~Xb H$aV AgVo, Aem doiog _r{S>`m {d{H$ hr AË`§V H$miOrnyd©H$ {dH${gV Ho$bobr Amkmdbr AmnmoAmnM g§nmXZ XwéñË`m§Vrb MwH$m§Mo gwb^nUo n[adV©Z H$aV AgVo. VgoM Ago g§nmXZ KS>V AgVmZm {d{H$nr{S>`mMo BVa g§nmXH$ Zoh_rM ghH$m`© H$aV AgVmV, Á`m§Ûmao MwH$m§Mr XwéñVr Ëd[aV hmoVo. `mH$[aVm {d{H$nr{S>`mZo `mo½` XOm©da AmYm[aV g§nmXZ ho YmoaU ñdrH$mabobo Amho. EImXo doiog EImÚmZo Ag§X^r©` g§X^© {Xbo AgVrb Va Vo ñdrH$mabo OmV ZmhrV, Vo dJiÊ`mMr gw{dYm R>odbobr Amho. {d{H$nr{S>`m ho gmVË`nyd©H$ Mmbbobo H$m_ AgyZ Ë`mVrb boI ho A{YH$m{YH$ XO©oXma hmoV OmVmV. Vo g§H${bV AgVmV. Zì`m boIm_Üò ~è`mM doim MwH$sMr _m{hVr AgVo. `mgmR>r Cn^moË`m§Zr dmMH$m§gmR>r Zoh_rM A{YH¥$V _m{hVr àmá H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. H$mJXmda _w{ÐV BVa {dídH$moem§À`m VwbZoV {d{H$nr{S>`m hm {_{ZQ>m{_{ZQ>mbm, goH§$XmgoH§$Xmbm AÚ`mdV hmoV AgVmo ho `mMo _yb^yV d¡{eîQ>ç Amho. ¹${MV {dMmabo OmUmao àíZ (frequently asked questions) qH$dm àíZ H$moR>o {dMmamdm (Where to ask questions) `m§À`m _XVrZo g§nH©$ gmYUmè`m ì`Vrg {d{H$nr{S>`mMm dmna H$gm H$amdm, Ë`m_Üò àË`j â H$er Kmbmdr `mMr _m{hVr CnbãY hmoV.o kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 30 6.1 Q´>So >_mH²$© g d H$m°nramB©Q> g§X^m©Vrb YmoaU {d{H$nr{S>`mg Zm Z\$m {d{H$nr{S>`m \$mC§S>oeZ (Non profit Wikipedia foundation) Mm Zm|XUrH¥$V Q´>oS>_mH©$ AgyZ `m A§VJ©V g§nyU© g§M g_yhmZo _mo\$V _OHy$a àH$ën (Free Content Project) am~{dbobm Amho. `m gd© àH$ënmH$[aVm gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r nwaogo gj_ AgUo JaOoMo AgyZ ñdV:bm kmZg§nmXZà{H«$òV gh^mJr hmoVm Ambo nm{hOo. Ë`mMo ñdê$n gm_y{hH$ ñdê$nmMo Agë`mZo Aem g_yhmV H$m`©aV amhÊ`mMr Vw_Mr V`mar dm nmÌVm Agbr nm{hOo. {d{H$nr{S>`mVrb gd© _OHy$a, AmH¥$Ë`m `m GNC free Documentation License (GFDC) Ûmao g§a{jV AgVmV. Ë`m_wio Amnbm gd© gh^mJ hm Vw_À`m d¡`pVH$ _mbH$sMm AgVmo Am{U `mM~amo~a `m bm`gÝgÛmao gd© _OHy$a _mo\$V {dV[aV H$aÊ`mMr d nwZd©mna H$aÊ`mMr ½dmhr {Xbobr AgVo. `m àH$ënm_Üò {d{dY joÌm§Vrb VÁk d AZw^dr g§nmXH$ ho Zì`m gh^mJrg {d{eï> nÕVrZo gd© kmZH$moemV _OHy$a Zm|X{dÊ`mgmR>r _XV H$aVmV. `mgmR>r ñdV§Ì Manual of Style {gÕ Ho$bobo Amho. 6.2 {d{H$nr{S>`mÀ`m dmnamMo ñdê$n (1) ZdrZ ~Xbmg§X^m©Vrb n¥ð>mÛmao g§nH©$ H$aUmè`m§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo OmVo. {edm` BVa ^mfm§Vrb g§X^© {ZX©o{eV Ho$bo OmVmV. VgoM XO©oXma boI d H$moUVohr boI nmhÊ`mMr ñdV§Ì gmo` AgyZ Ë`mgmR>r nmoQ>©b V`ma Ho$bobo Amho. VgoM gM© ~m°gMmhr emoYmgmR>r dmna H$aVm òVmo. (2) g§emoYZ gmYZ åhUyZhr {d{H$nr{S>`mMm dmna H$aVm òVmo. H$maU `mVrb boI ho gmVË`nyd©H$ AÚ`mdV hmoVmV d A{YH$m{YH$ XO©oXma ~ZV OmVmV. VgoM dmnaH$Ë`m©Zo `mVrb gd©M boI àmW{_H$ ñVamda kmZH$moemÀ`m XOm©Mo AgV ZmhrV, ho bjmV KoVbo nm{hOo. (3) {d{H$nr{S>`mV g§X^©gw{dYm Agë`mZo Ë`mMm dmna hm _yb^yV d {XemXe©H$ AgVmo. 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(4) `mda gj_ Ago {Z`§ÌU Zgë`mZo `m_Üò ÌwQ>r`wV d AZ{YH¥$V _OHy$a A§V^yV© hmoÊ`mMr e`Vm AgVo. (5) {d{H$nr{S>`mV AZoH$ gh^mJr ho boImVrb {ZpíMV dm Xe©H$ g§km `m~m~V OmJéH$ ZgVmV d Vo H$moUË`mhr g«mVo mMm {ZX©e o Z H$aVm _m{hVr nwadrV AgVmV. (6) {d{H$nr{S>`mÀ`m _wV g§nH©$ YmoaUm_wio `mVrb _m{hVr gË`VonmgyZ Xya OmUmar d `mVrb {dYmZo {Xem^yb H$aUmar Agy eH$VmV. (7) `mdarb goÝgm°a{en (àgmaU {Z`§ÌU) hr AË`§V AdKS> Amho. Ago Agbo VarXoIrb `m g§X^m©Vrb Aä`mgmÛmao {d{H$nr{S>`m hm g«moV Encyclopedia Britanica BVH$mM {dídmgmh© Amho, Agm {ZîH$f© àmá Pmbobm Amho. g§X^© (1) (2) (3) J. Bao. V. Honavar, Collaborative Ontology Building with wiki@nt.A Multi Based Ontology Building Environment, In Proceedings of the 3rd International on Evaluation of Ontology based Tools (EON), Hiroshima 2004, S. 1-10. www.phil-fak. uni-duesseldorf. de/intowiss/admin/pul daterian/ files/35/1179995073 ges 2007 we. pdf. Y. Sure A. Tool supported Methodology for Ontology knowledge Management. In H. struckencchmidt, E. 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(3) VÁkm§Mm gh^mJ AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAa V`ma H$aÊ`m_Üò AZoH$ Xoem§Vrb VÁkm§Mm gh^mJ kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 34 ooo kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 35 University News `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mMo Ame`-{díbofUmË_H$ AÜ``Z àm. S>m°. gË`ZmamÙ ~mhoVr d em_H$m§V S>Jdma àñVwV boImV J«§Wmbò g_¥Õ H$aÊ`mg Á`m {d{dY V§Ìm§Mm dmna à^mdrnUo Ho$bm OmVmo, Aem V§Ìm§n¡H$s "Ame`-{díbofU' ho V§Ì H$m` Amho, ho e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`mVrb J«§Wnmbm§Zm g_OyZ KoVm òB©b. gmo~VM Ame`-{díbofU V§ÌmÛmao `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mMo A§Va§J OmUyZ KoVm òB©b. boIH$mZo Ë`mÀ`m nwñVH$mVrb {d{eï> {df`mg H$go hmVmibo Amho qH$dm boIH$mg H$m` åhUmd`mMo Amho `mMo gm_mÝ`V Oo {díbofU Ho$bo OmVo Agm emñÌÑîQ>çm OmñV gwYmabobm àH$ma qH$dm V§Ì åhUOo "Ame`-{díbofU'. (3) Ame`-{díbofU ì`m»`m 3.1 JwS> Am{U h°Q> ""Ame`-{díbofU ho Ame`mÀ`m JwUY_m©Mo {díbofU Amho. Ame`mÀ`m {df`mZwgma {díbofU H$amd`mMo Pmë`mg Ame`mMo amOH$s`, àMmamË_H$, ewÕ gm_m{OH$, VmpÎdH$, g§emoYZna qH$dm _ZmoaO § H$ Ago dJuH$U H$aVm òB©b. `mbmM Ame`mMo JwUY_m©Zwgma {díbofU åhUVmV.'' 3.2 nm°qbJ `§J ""_wbmIV, àíZmdbr, AZwgM y r Am{U BVa {b{IV qH$dm _m¡{IH$ ^mfm{df`H$ Am{U ì`VrÛmao àmá g§emoYZ VÏ`m§À`m Ame`mMo H«$_~Õ dñVw{Zð> Am{U n[aUm_mË_H$ dU©Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r Cn`moJmV AmUbo OmUmao g§emoYZ V§Ì åhUOo "Ame`-{díbofU hmo`.'' 3.3 N. Kalinger : "The content Analysis in a method for studying & analysing communication in a systematic, objective, quantitative manner to measure variable." (1) àñVmdZm AmYw{ZH$ J«§Wmb`m§V Cn^moË`m§À`m _mJUrbm AZwgê$Z doJdoJiçm V§Ìm§Mm Cn`moJ gmVË`nyU© H$aUo J«§Wnmbm§Zm ^mJ nS>Vo. H$maU kmZ Am{U _m{hVr gmYZm§À`m àH$meZmV Pmbobr A_`m©X dmT>, Ë`m§Mo {dñH$irV ñdê$n d gmVË`nyU© g§emoYZd¥Îmr `m nmíd©^y_rda J«§Wg§J«hmÀ`m {dH$mgm~amo~aM {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ XO}Xma dmMZgm{hË`, g§~§{YV {df`mbm Yê$Z, Cn^moË`m§À`m _mJUrbm AZwgê$Z VgoM doioMr ~MV H$ê$Z Ë`mMo {Z`moOZ H$aUo Agm àdmh J«§Wmbò g_¥Õ H$aÊ`mV _mobmMr ^y{_H$m nma nmS>rV AgVmV. na§Vw Ë`mH$[aVm J«W§ nmbmMr Aä`mgd¥Îmr A{Ve` g§dXo Zerb Agmdr bmJVo. Ë`mH$[aVm doJdoJir V§Ìo AmË_gmV H$aUo d Ë`mVyZ Cn^moË`m§À`m {deofV g§emoYZ H$m`m©À`m A§JmZo Ë`mÀ`m dmMZ A{^éMrÀ`m JaOm nyU© H$aUo, `mH$[aVm _hm{dÚmb`rZ J«§Wnmbm§Zm gX¡d VËna AgUo JaOoMo AgVo. (2) Ame`-{díbofU AW© Bernald Berelson åhUVmV H$s, g§kmnZmVrb ì`º$ dm àH$Q> Ame`mÀ`m (4) Ame`-{díbofUmMo CÔoe lr. ~moYZH$a Am{U AbmoUr `m§Zr Ame`-{díbofUmMo CÔoe Imbrbà_mUo Z_yX Ho$bo AmhoV. 4.1 Ame` g§kmnZmÀ`m {XeoZo dU©Z H$aUo. 4.2 {dÛÎmoMo {dH$gZ H$em àH$mao hmoVo Vo Xe©{dUo. 4.3 Ame` g§km§~m~V amï´>m-amï´>m§_Yrb {^ÞËd ñnï> H$aUo. 4.4 g§emoYZ _mÜ`_o Am{U g§emoYZ nmVirMr VwbZm H$aUo. 4.5 A{Yð>m§À`m g§~§YmV g§kmnZ Ame`mMr VnmgUr H$aUo. 4.6 g§kmnZ _mnX§S>mMr aMZm H$aUo. 4.7 Vm§{ÌH$ ñdê$nmÀ`m g§emoYZH$m`m©g gmhmæ` H$aUo. 4.8 e¡br bjUm§Mo emoYZ H$aUo. dñVw{Zð> ì`dpñWV d g§»`mË_H$ dU©ZmMo "Ame`-{díbofU' ho EH$ V§Ì Amho. EImÚm kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 36 kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 37 (5) Ame`-{díbofU EH$H$ 5.1 eãX Ame`-{díbofUmVrb gdmªV bhmZ EH$H$ åhUOo eãX. AÜ``Z Ho$ë`m OmUmè`m ^mfUmV-boImV, g§nmXH$s`m_Üò qH$dm BVa {b{IV qH$dm _m¡{IH$ gm_J«r_Üò H$mhr {deof eãXm§Mr {H«$`m à_wI àVrH$m§Mr {H$Vr nwZamd¥Îmr Pmbr Amho, ho Ë`mg doJio {bhÿZ qH$dm _moObo OmVo Am{U Ë`m AmYmamda AÜ``Z {df` Agboë`m ^mfU, boI BË`mXtÀ`m g§~Y§ mV H$mhr _hÎdnyU© {ZîH$f© H$mT>bo OmVmV. 5.2 dmò Am{U n[aÀN>Xo dmò qH$dm n[aÀN>oXmgXoIrb EH$H$ åhUyZ Ame`{díbofUmgmR>r {ZdS>bo OmD$ eH$Vo. Iè`m AWm©Zo dmò qH$dm n[aÀN>oX hm eãXm§MmM EH$ g_yh AgVmo. Á`mÛmao EH$ {ZpíMV {dMma à{V_mZmg àñV¥V Ho$bo OmVo. dmò qH$dm n[aÀN>oXm§À`m AmYmamda ^mfU, boI, BË`mXtÀ`m Ame`mMo {díbofU Ho$bo OmVo. 5.3 nmÌo ZmQ>H$, H$mX§~ar, H$Wm, {gZo_m, Qo>{bpìhOZ, BË`mXt_Yrb nmÌm§Zm Ame`-{díbofUmMo EH$H$ _mZbo OmVo. eog{nà `m§À`m ZmQ>H$mVrb nmÌo qH$dm _wÝer ào_M§X `m§À`m gm{hË`mVrb nmÌm§Mr Ame`-{díbofUmMo EH$H$ åhUyZ {ZdS> H$aVm òVo. 5.4 ^mJ Ame`-{díbofUmH$[aVm EImÚm ^mJmMr EH$H$ åhUyZ {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV òV.o J«W§ , {Z`VH$m{bHo$, boI, H$Wm, H$mX§~ar, ^mfUo, AmH$medmUr g§nmXH$s`, d¥ÎmnÌmVrb ~mV_rMm ^mJ, BË`mXt_Yrb EH$ {d{eï> ^mJ EH$H$ åhUyZ {ZdS>bm OmVmo. (6) Ame`-{díbofUmMo _hÎd {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m g§X^m©V Ame`-{díbofU V§Ì A{Ve` à^mdrnUo H$m_ H$aVo. {Z`VH$m{bH$mVrb _w{ÐV ñdê$nmVrb VÏ`mMo {díbofU Ho$bo OmVo. Ë`mH$[aVm {d{eï> {Z`VH$m{bH$mMo Xa AmR>dS>çmMo, _{hÝ`mMo qH$dm dfm©Mo A§H$ AdbmoH$Z H$ê$Z Ë`m_Üò AgUmè`m amOH$s`, H«$sS>m, g§JrV, {ejU, ì`dñWmnZ, H$bm, Am{W©H$, Amamo½`, gm{hË` Aem {d{dY loUr V`ma Ho$ë`m OmVmV. Ë`mVrb H$moUH$moUË`m gXamda {deof â XoÊ`mV Ambm, `mMo {díbofU Ho$bo OmVo Am{U Ë`mdê$Z Vo {Z`VH$m{bH$ H«$sS>màYmZ, Amamo½`àYmZ qH$dm gm{hË`àYmZ Amho `m g§X^m©Vrb {ZîH$f© H$mT>bo OmVmV. _m{hVrÀ`m Ame`mMo {díbofU dV©_mZnÌo, {Z`VH$m{bHo$ `m§À`m gmo~VM AmH$medmUr, Xya{MÌdmUr `m§gma»`m _hÎdnyU© joÌmV à^mdrnUo hmVmibo OmVo. kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 38 H$maU {d{dY joÌm§Vrb KS>m_moS>tÀ`m g§~{§ YV JwUmË_H$ VÏ` gm_J«rMo d¡Ym{ZH$ VÏ`mV ê$nm§Va H$aUo hm Ame`-{díbofU V§ÌmMm _w»` {df` CÔoe AgVmo. Ame`-{díbofU ho V§Ì J«§Wmb`mVrb àËòH$ {d^mJ d KQ>H$mda gH$mamË_H$ n[aUm_ gmYUmao V§Ì hmo`. J«§Wmbò Am{U _m{hVremñÌmÀ`m joÌmV Ame`-{díbofU V§Ì dmnamZo ~m¡{ÕH$ ñdê$nmMo JwUmË_H$ VgoM g§»`mË_H$ n[aUm_ ~Kmd`mg {_iVmV. {Z`VH$m{bH$ ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ A{Ve` à^mdrnUo _m{hVrMr CnbãYVm g§emoYH$m§Zm H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMo _hÎdnyU© H$m`© Ame`-{díbofUV§ÌmÛmao hmoV Agë`mZo University News `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mMo Ame`-{díbofU Ho$ë`mZ§Va C{ejU joÌmer {ZJ{S>V AZoH$ n¡by OmUyZ KoVm Ambo. (7) Ame`-{díbofU Cn`moJ 1930_Üò A_o[aH$Z X¡{ZH$m§VyZ naamï´>r` ~mVå`m§Zm {H$Vr OmJm XoÊ`mV òVo `mMo {ZarjU H$aÊ`mV Ambo. A_o[aH$Z {Z`VH$m{bH$m§VyZ d nwñVH$m§VyZ {Za{Zamiçm {df`mbm {Xë`m OmUmè`m OmJm§~m~VÀ`m AmT>iyZ òUmè`m H$bm§Mo (Trends) emñÌkm§Zr AÜ``Z Ho$bo. `m AÜ``ZmV Ë`m§Zr Ame`-{díbofUV§ÌmMmM Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoVbm. `m AÜ``Zm_wio `m V§ÌmMr Cn`wVVm {gÕ Pmbr. _Zmo{díbofUnÕVrMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoVboë`m A{^{b{IV _wbmIVrÀ`m emñÌr` AÜ``ZmV Herold Laswell `m§Zr 1937 _Üò Ame`-{díbofUV§ÌmMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoVë`m_wio gm_m{OH$ g§emoYZmVrb EH$ _hÎdnyU© V§Ì åhUyZ Ame`-{díbofUmMo Agbobo ñWmZ AmUIrZM n¸o$ Pmbo. àMmaV§ÌmÀ`m {^Þ{^Þ ñdê$nmMo {ZX}eZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r White Zo {hQ>ba d éPdoëQ> `m§À`m ^mfUmMo Ame`-{díbofUV§ÌmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo AÜ``Z Ho$bo d amOH$s` nwT>mar H$em àH$mao Amnë`m AZw`m`m§Zm AmdmhZ H$aVmV, `mMo dU©Z Ho$bo. {hQ>ba d éPdoëQ> ho XmoZ {^Þ àH$maMo ZoVo Amnë`m ^mfUmVyZ H$moUË`m _wÚmda â XoVmV, `mda ìhmB©Q>Zo n«H$me Q>mH$bm. gm_Ï`©, AW© d ZrVr{df`H$ _wÚm§da `m XmoÝhr ZoË`m§À`m ^mfUmVyZ OmñV â XoÊ`mV òVmo. ho XmIdyZ `m _yë`m§~m~V Ë`mZo `m XmoZ ZoË`m§Mo VwbZmË_H$ AÜ``Z Ho$bo. (8) University News `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mMo Ame`-{díbofU 8.1 `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mMm Eo{Vhm{gH$ AmT>mdm amï´>r` d Am§Vaamï´>r` ñVamda C {ejUmda hmoUmao g§emoYZ, C {ejUmMo ~XbVo _mnX§ S > `m§ M m gm§ J mo n m§ J {dMma H$aÊ`mH$[aVm University Grants kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 39 Commission `m§ À `m ghH$m`m© Z o The Association of Indian Universities, New Delhi `mMr ñWmnZm gZ 1925 bm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. News ho gmám{hH$ {Z`VH$m{bH$ C{ejUjoÌmVrb H$m`m©Mm AmT>mdm KoUmao C {ejUmda H$m_ H$aUmao Xoe-{dXoemVrb Zm_m§{H$V, e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ g§ñWm, {dÚmnrR>o d {dÚmnrR>mer g§b{¾V _hm{dÚmbò `m§_YyZ C {ejUjoÌmV MmbUmè`m H$m`m©Mm gdªH$f AmT>mdm `m joÌmV H$m_ H$aUmè`m g§emoYH$, Aä`mgH$ `m§À`m nwT>o `mdm `m hoVyZo X Agmo{gEeZ Am°\$ B§{S>`Z `w{Zìh{g©Q>rZo 1 \o$~«wdmar 1963 nmgyZ "`w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO' ZmdmMo e¡j{UH$ {Z`VH$m{bH$ gwê$ Ho$bo. gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV ho {Z`VH$m{bH$ \$mago {Z`{_V ñdê$nmMo ZìhVo. `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mVrb 80 À`m XeH$m§n`ªVMm C {ejUmdarb AmT>mdm AYyZ-_YyZ KoVbm OmV hmoVm. _mÌ 1 OmZodmar 1984 nmgyZ Iè`m AWm©Zo `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO ho {Z`VH$m{bH$ gmám{hH$ ñdê$nmV àH$m{eV hmoVo Amho. ^maVmVrb Odinmg 311 {dÚmnrR>o 15,600 À`m da _hm{dÚmbò hr {dÚmnrR> AZwXmZ Am`moJ, Zdr {Xr `m§À`m A§VJ©V Mmb{dbr OmVmV. `m {dÚmnrR>m§V MmbUmao g§emoYZmË_H$ H$m`©, _hm{dÚmb`rZ ñVamda C {ejU `m A§JmZo MmbUmè`m gdªH$f KS>m_moS>tda The Association of Indian o Zy AgVo. Universities bj R>d 8.2 Aä`mgmMm CÔoe University News `m à{gÕ {Z`VH$m{bH$mVyZ C {ejUmda AZoH$ Zm_d§V VÁk ì`º$tMo boI gmVË`nyU© àH$m{eV hmoV AgVmV. gmo ~ VM C {ejUmÀ`m A§ J mZo {Za{Zamiçm _hÎdny U © (e¡ j {UH$, àdoemg§~§Yr, ZmoH$ar{df`H$) Om{hamVr, g§nmXH$s` à~§YgyMr, Xrjm§V g_ma§^mVrb ~rO^mfU, H°$ång Ý`yO `m d BVa {d^mJm§Zm _hÎdnyU© ñWmZ XoÊ`mV òVo. `m gdmªMo Ë`m§À`m {df`mZwgma {díbofU H$aUo hm Aä`mgmMm _hÎdnyU© CÔoe Amho. 8.3 g§emoYZnÕVr d V§Ìo University News `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mMm Ame`{díbofUV§ÌmÀ`m Cn`moJmH$[aVm dU©ZmË_H$ g§emoYZ nÕVrMm Adb§~ H$aÊ`mV Ambm. University News `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mÀ`m OmZodmar 2006 Vo {S>g|~a 2007 `m XmoZ df© H$mbmdYrVrb gbJ 104 CnbãY A§H$m§Mo AdbmoH$Z H$ê$Z Ë`m§Vrb CnbãY _m{hVrÀ`m AmYmao g§JUH$mda Excel À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Amdí`H$ Ë`m A{Yð>mZwgma Ë`m§À`m ñdV§Ì loUr V`ma H$ê$Z `m Ame`mMo g§»`mË_H$ d JwUmË_H$ Ago {díbofU H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho. 8.4 `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO_Yrb àH$m{eV gd© Ame`mMm AmT>mdm University EH$ XO}Xma {Z`VH$m{bH$ AgyZ `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mV nwT>rb gXao {Z`{_V ñdê$nmV òVmV. Ë`mV g§nmXH$s`, C{ejUmdarb doJdoJiçm {df`Cn{df`m§g§~§YmV òUmao boI, {dÚmnrR>m§À`m Xrjm§V gmohiçmMo ~rO^mfU, H°$ång Ý`yO, Xa _{hÝ`mbm àH$m{eV hmoUmao nrEM. S>r. à~§Y VgoM amoOJma, e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm àdoe, ì`mdgm{`H$ Om{hamVr `m§Mm g_mdoe AgVmo. gmo~VM ZdrZ àH$m{eV nwñVHo$, Xoe{dXoemVrb C {ejUjoÌmVrb d¥Îmohr {Xbobr AgVmV. 8.4.1 g§nmXH$s` `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mVrb g§nmXH$s` `m gXamV Ë`m AmR>dS>çmV àH$m{eV Pmboë`m Ë`m A§H$m~m~V gnmXH$mZo _m§S>bobr Amnbr ^y{_H$m ñnï> H$aVmV. {edm` Ë`m A§H$mVrb EImÚm {d{eï> {df`mda àH$m{eV Pmboë`m boIm§Mm g§{já hoVy ñnï> H$aVmV. Ë`m A§H$mV H$moUVo _hÎdmMo gXa Amho `mMrhr _m{hVr {Xbr OmVo. 8.4.2 boIm§gX§ ^m©V `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO ho _wimVM C {ejUmda H$m`©aV _m{hVr XoUmao EH$ à^mdr d XO}Xma gmám{hH$ {Z`VH$m{bH$ AgyZ, C {ejUmÀ`m g§X^m©Zo òUmè`m AZoH$ ZmZm{dY n¡bÀ§y `m g§X^m©V `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mV boIm§Mm g_mdo e AgVmo . Ogo g§ J UH$emñÌ, J« § W mbèmñÌ, H¥ $ {f{dkmZ, A{^`m§{ÌH$s, d¡ÚH$s` emñÌ, B{Vhmg, ^yJmob, _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZ, XyadVu {ejU, `m d BVa _hÎdnyU© {df`memIoVrb Cn-Cn {df`m§darb boIm§Zm àmYmÝ`mZo ñWmZ {Xbo OmVo. 21ì`m eVH$mVrb C {ejUmMr pñWVr H$er Amho `mMm AmT>mdmM `m boIm§_YyZ KoVbm OmVmo. ho gd©M boI Zm_d§V VÁkm§Zr {b{hbobo AgVmV. Aä`mgnyU© d g§emoYZmÀ`m g§X^m©Zo A{Ve` _hÎdnyU© Cn`wV _m{hVr `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mÀ`m àËòH$ A§H$mVyZ àH$m{eV Ho$br OmVo. 8.4.3 Xrjm§V g_ma§^ àg§JmMo ~rO^mfU àËòH$ ^maVr` {dÚmnrR> d g§emoYZ g§ñWm øm Amnë`m H$m`©joÌmVrb JwUd§Vm§Mm gËH$ma d CoIZr` Aer H$m_{Jar H$aUmao {dÚmWu, g§emoYH$, gwdU©nXH$mMo _mZH$ar, AmMm`© nXdr {_i{dbobo {dÚmWu `m§Mm gËH$ma gmohim Am`mo{OV H$arV AgVmZmM àËòH$ {dÚmnrR> d g§emoYZ g§ñWm {ZË`Zo_mZo Xadfu Xrjm§V g_ma§^ Am`mo{OV H$arV AgVmV. `m Xrjm§V gmohiçmbm Zm_d§V VÁk, g§emoYH$, n§VàYmZ, amï´>nVr, {ejU_§Ìr, `wOrgr, EAm`Q>rgrB©Mo MoAa_Z, Hw$bJwê$, amÁ`nmb, à{gÕ {df`VÁk, emñÌk Aem »`mVZm_ ì`º$s¨Zm Xrjm§V kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 40 kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 41 8.4.4 8.4.5 8.4.6 8.4.7 g_ma§^mV à_wI nmhþUo åhUyZ ~mobm{dbo OmVo. Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobo ^mfU ho ~rO^mfU åhUyZ {dÚmnrR> qH$dm g§emoYZ H|$Ðo àH$m{eV H$arV AgVmV. `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO ho {Z`VH$m{bH$ `m ~rO^mfUmbm Amnë`m A§H$mV A{Ve` _hÎdnyU© Ago ñWmZ XoVo. 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ZdrZ àH$m{eV nwñVH$mVrb Ame` àH$Q> Ho$bm OmVmo. {X Wogrg Am°\$ {X _§W ^maVmV g§emoYZmMo H$m_ ho doJdoJiçm {df`mÀ`m AZwf§JmZo gmVË`nyU© Mmby AgVo. `m g§emoYZmVyZ doJdoJiçm {df`mMo d Cn{df`mMo n¡by Amnë`mg_moa òV AgVmV. Zì`mZo Aä`mg H$aUmè`m g§emoYH$m§Zm nrEM. S>r. À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Ë`m§À`m joÌmV H$m` H$m_ Pmbo Amho d Hw$R>bo H$m_ ìhm`Mo am{hbo Amho, `mMm A§XmO KoVm òVmo d Amnbr g§emoYZ àd¥Îmr OmJ¥V H$ê$Z g§emoYZmbm hmV^ma bmdVm òVmo. Ago Pmbobo g§emoYZ ^maVmVrb AZoH$ {dÚmnrR>o d g§emoYZ g§ñWm Ë`m g§emoYH$mMm {df`, Ë`mMo Zmd d {dÚmnrR> Aer _m{hVr {X Agmo{gEeZ Am°\$ B§{S>`Z `w { Zìh{g© Q > r OH$S> o nmR> d rV AgVo d Ë`mbm `w { Zìh{g© Q > r Ý`y O `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mVyZ _hÎdnyU© Ago ñWmZ XoVo. CXmhaUmW©, J«§WmbèmñÌ, H¥${f{dkmZ, OrdemñÌ, ^m¡{VH$emñÌ, agm`ZemñÌ, _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZ A{^`m§{ÌH$s, BË`mXr Aem nrEM. S>r. g§emoYH$m§Mr Zmdo, {df` d {dÚmnrR> `m§Mr g§{já _m{hVr `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO_YyZ Xa AmR>dS>çmbm Wogrg Am°\$ kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 42 {X _§W `m gXamImbr àH$m{eV H$arV AgVo. VgoM dm{f©H$ gyMrgwÕm `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV òVo. 8.4.8 Ý`yO \«$m°_ A°~«m°S> ^maVm~mhoa C {ejUmda MmbUmao go{_Zma, H$m°Ý\$aÝg, dH©$em°n `m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ AZoH$ {df`, Cn{df` `m§À`m AZoH$ n¡by§da Aä`mgnyU© MMm© KS>dyZ AmUbr OmVo d Ë`mMr g§{já _m{hVr `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO_Üò XoÊ`mV òVo. 8.4.9 E. Am`. `y. Ý`yO {X Agmo{gEeZ Am°\$ B§{S>`Z Ý`yO, Zdr {Xr `m d¡{eï>çnyU© gXamImbr `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mVyZ Ë`m§Zr Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m BVa {dÚmnrR> d g§emoYZ g§ñWm `m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo go{_Zma, H$m°Ý\$aÝg, dH©$em°n Á`m§Mm g§~§Y CÀM {ejUmer Amho Aem AZoH$ {df`, Cn{df`m§da MMm©gÌo KS>dyZ AmUbr OmVmV. `mMm _mJmodm `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO_YyZ gmVË`mZo KoVbm OmVmo. 8.4.10 Om{hamVr `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mVyZ C {ejU `m g§X^m©Zo ^maVr` e¡j{UH$ amoOJma joÌmVrb, e¡j{UH$ àdoemg§~§YrMo d e¡j{UH$ ì`mdgm{`H$ joÌmVrb Om{hamVr§Zm àmYmÝ`mZo ñWmZ {Xbo OmVo. AZoH$ hmoVH$ê$ {dÚmWu, àmÜ`mnH$, g§emoYH$ `m§Zm Amnë`m {df`mg§X^m©Vrb ^maVmV Hw$R>o ZmoH$ar{df`H$ g§Yr CnbãY Amho, `m g§X^m©Vrb _m{hVr `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO_YyZ H$iVo. VgoM C {ejU `m AZwf§JmZo àdoe KoÊ`mg§X^m©V ^maVmVrb à{gÕ _hm{dÚmbò, {dÚmnrR>o d g§emoYZ H|$Ðm§Mr _m{hVr `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mVyZ {_iVo. VgoM {d{dY e¡j{UH$ ì`mnmar àH$meZo Á`mV J«§WàXe©Zo d {dH«$s, \${Z©Ma, CnH$aUo d BVa gmYZgm_J«rÀ`mXoIrb ì`mdgm{`H$ `m gXamImbr Om{hamVr àH$m{eV Ho$ë`m OmVmV. (9) `w{Zìh©{gQ>r Ý`yO_Yrb Ame`mMo Ë`m§À`m àH$mamZwgma {díbofU 9.1 `w{Zìh©{gQ>r Ý`yO_Yrb g_m{dï> gXa Sr.N o. 1 2 Topics Editorial Article Total Quantity 2006 2007 7 324 5 203 Total Percentage 12 527 0.34 15.35 kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 43 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Convocn Address Campus News Communication Book Review Thesis of the Month News from Abroad AIU News Advertisement 38 199 17 10 327 12 10 843 43 208 12 9 421 11 13 706 81 407 29 19 748 23 23 1549 2.79 11.85 0.84 0.55 22.7 0.37 0.66 45.12 gmo~VÀ`m gmaUr_Üò g§nmXH$s` ho gXa 2006 d 2007 `m dfm©V EHy$U 12 {Xbobo AmhoV. Va boI _mÌ XmoZ dfmªV 527 {Xbobo AmhoV. à~§Ym§À`m gyMrMo à_mU g§»òZo XmoZ dfmªV 748 BVHo$ Amho; Va Om{hamVr gdmªV OmñV åhUOo 1549 BV`m Amë`m AgyZ Ë`m§Mo gamgar à_mU 45.12% BVHo$ Amho. 9.2 Editiorial Review VOL/ISSUE NO. GUEST EDITOR TOPICS 44(1) S.P.Patil History of A I U 44(2) Dayanand Dongaonkar Higher Education 44(5) R. P. Singh Culture of India 44(12) R. P. Singh Environment 44(29) Vijay Khole Library Science 44(36) S.P.Tyagrajan Potential of University 44(48) Ram Takwale Indian Higher Education 45(1) S.S.Katiya Higher Education 45(2) Dayanand Dongaonkar Educational Policy 45(4) Basudev Chattopadhyay Teachers Education 45(44) S.L. Mehta Environmental Natural Resources Management 45(48) D.Vishwanathan Knowledge Century Era kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 44 `m gmaUr_Üò Higher Education bm Yê$ZM g§nmXH$s` AmT>mdm KoÊ`mV Ambm AgyZ Ë`m_Üò Zm_d§Vm§Mr _Vo àH$Q> Pmbobr AmhoV. 9.3 {df`dma boIm§Mr gyMr S u b ject Q u an tity C .F . P ercentage H igher education 131 131 24.85 E ducation Policy 73 204 13.85 T echnical E du . 45 249 8.53 E nvironm ent S cience M anagem ent & A dm inistratio n G eneral 41 290 7.77 35 325 6.64 33 358 6.26 H istory,G eo.,P oly. S c i. 22 380 4.17 I.T . 19 399 3.6 L ibrary & Info rm ation Sci. 13 412 2.46 G lobalisation 12 424 2.27 L anguage & L iterature 12 436 2.27 D istance E du. 11 447 2.08 R esearch M ethodology 10 457 1.89 S cience & T echnology 10 467 1.89 S ociology 10 477 1.89 E conom ics 9 486 1.7 A rt 7 493 1.32 H um an R ights 7 500 1.32 A griculture 6 506 1.13 M edical E ducation 6 512 1.13 V alue E du. 6 518 1.13 L aw 5 523 0.94 P hilosophy 4 527 0.75 `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mV C {ejUmda gdm©{YH$ boI àH$m{eV AgyZ Ë`m§Mo gamgar à_mU 24.85% BVHo$ Amho. J«W§ mbèmñÌmda EHy$U 13 boI 2006 d 2007 _Üò àH$m{eV Pmbobo Amho. EHy$U 23 {df`m§da `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mV boI àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 45 9.5 Xrjm§V g_ma§^mMo ~rO^mfU YEAR 2005 2006 2007 TOTAL 18 38 40 PERCENTAGE 18.75 39.58 41.66 OmZodmar 2005 Vo OyZ 2005 `m H$mbmdYrV Pmboë`m Xrjm§V g_ma§^m§Zm OmZodmar 2006 Vo OyZ 2006 `m H$mbmdYrMo A§H$m§Zm ñWmZ {Xbo AgyZ 2006 d 2007 `m dfm©Vrb Xrjm§V g_ma§^m§Zm Ë`mM dfm©V ñWmZ {Xbobo Amho. 9.4 boIH$ CÎmaXm{`Ëd No. of Authors No. of Contribution Percentage ONE 388 76.52 TWO 91 17.94 THREE 23 4.53 MORE THAN THREE 5 0.98 EH$m boIH$mZo {b{hbobo EHy$U boI ho 388 BVHo$ AgyZ VrZnojm OmñV boIH$m§Zr {_iyZ {b{hboë`m boIm§Mr g§»`m 5 BVH$s Amho. 2007 2005 1 2 3 2006 9.6 Yearwise Campus News TOPIC S 2006 2007 SEM IN A R 73 73 CONFERENCE 49 45 W ORK SHOP/TRAIN ING 51 82 AW ARDS 20 8 AUTHORWISE PATTERN ONE TW O THREE M ORE THAN THREE BàdmB©O H°$ång Ý`yO_Üò go{_Zma ho gXa 2006 d 2007 _Üò gmaIoM åhUOo 73 Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 46 kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 47 9.7 Communication 9.9 The Thesis of The Month VOLUME NO. NO. OF COMMU.REPORT PERCENTAGE 44 17 58.62 45 12 41.37 H$å`w{ZHo$eZ `m ~m¡{ÕH$ gXamImbr Zm_d§V VÁkm§Mo 2 dfmªV EHy$U 29 boI àH$m{eV Pmbo AmhoV. 9.8 Book Review VOLUME NO. BOOK REVIEW % 44 10 52.63 45 9 47.36 TOTAL 19 97.99 ~wH$ [aìøy _Üò nwñVH$ n[aM` gZ 2006 d 2007 `m dfmªV g§»òZo \$º$ 19 BVHo$M Amho. BOOK REVIEW 47% 53% 1 2 Y E A R W I S E D I S T R IB U T I O N O F T H E S U B J E C T S SU B JEC T 2006 2007 P ercen ta ge A g ri & V e te r n a ry A n th r o p o lo g y C o m m erce E a rth S c i E c o n o m ic s E d u c a tio n E n g in e e rin g S c ie n c e & T e c h n o lo g y F in e A rt G eograp hy H is to r y H o m e s c ie n c e J o u r n a lis m & M a s s C o m m u n ic a tio n L a n g u a g e & L ite ra tu r e L aw L ib r a r y & In f o r m a tio n S c ie n c e M anagem ent M a th e m a tic a l S c ie n c e M e d ic a l S c ie n c e M u s ic P h ilo s o p h y P h y s ic a l S c ie n c e P o litic a l S c ie n c e P h y s ic a l E d u c a tio n P s y c h o lo g y 259 18 117 97 138 136 274 40 250 168 243 295 6 .1 6 0 .6 7 4 .2 5 3 .6 4 .4 4 .9 8 300 455 8 .7 2 14 49 123 46 27 102 182 131 0 .4 7 1 .7 4 3 .5 2 4 .2 4 47 0 .5 8 720 38 17 87 118 144 9 48 584 0 0 54 1117 98 56 189 157 197 25 49 669 155 18 72 2 1 .2 3 1 .5 7 0 .8 4 3 .1 9 3 .1 7 3 .9 4 0 .3 9 1 .1 2 1 4 .4 8 3 .4 0 .2 1 .4 5 P u b lic A d m in is tr a tio n R e lig io n S o c ia l w o r k S o c io lo g y M ilita r y S c ie n c e 21 21 7 106 12 44 13 14 143 25 0 .7 5 0 .3 9 0 .2 4 2 .8 7 0 .4 2 3287 5255 TOTAL 29 {df`m§darb à~§Ym§Mr gyMr `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mV àH$m{eV Pmbr AgyZ gdmªV OmñV à~§YgyMr øm Language d Literature da AgyZ OmZodmar 2006 Vo kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 48 kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 49 {S>g~| a 2006 `m H$mbmdYrV EHy$U 1897 BV`m à~§YgyMr `m {df`mda CnbãY AmhoV. Ë`m ImbmoImb {\${OH$b gm`Ýg da 1253 BV`m à~§YgyMr CnbãY AmhoV. Va J«§Wmb` d _m{hVr emñÌmdarb à~§YgyMr øm 2 dfmªV g§»òZo 73 BV`m AmhoV. 9.10 News from Abroad 44 NEWS FROM ABROAD 2 45 11 VOLUME NO. PERCENTAGE 15.38 84.61 Ý`yO \«$m°_ A°~«m°S> `m gXamImbr go{_Zma H$m°Ý\$aÝgMo Xoem~mhoarb à_mU gZ 2006 _Üò AË`ën åhUOo 2 BVHo$ Amho. 9.11 AIU News VOLUME NO. A I U NEWS PERCENTAGE 44 10 43.47 45 13 56.62 Agmo{gEeZ Am°\$ B§{S>`Z `w{Zìh{g©Q>rO (A.I.U. News) `m_Üò 2 dfmªV go{_Zma d H$m°Ý\$aÝgMo à_mU Odinmg gmaIoM AgyZ `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mV Vo AZwH«$_o 2006 d 2007 _Üò 10 d 13 BVHo$ Amho. 9.12 Advertisements V ol.N o. R ecruitm ent A ddm ission C om m ercial 44 476 170 197 45 464 145 97 A°S>ìhaQ>mB©O_|Q> `m gXam_Üò EHy$U 3 ^mJ AgyZ Ë`m_Üò ZmoH$ar{df`H$ Om{hamVtMo à_mU gdm©{YH$ 2006 d 2007 _Üò ho à_mU AZwH«$_o 476 d 464 BV`m g§»òZo AmT>iyZ Ambo. kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 50 {ZîH$f© (1) `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO_Yrb g_m{dï> 10 Ame` KQ>H$m§n¡H$s gdmªV OmñV â Om{hamVtda AgyZ `mV ZmoH$ar{df`H$ Om{hamVtda gdm©{YH$ â {Xbobm Amho. (2) `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO_Yrb "boI' `m gXamV gdm©{YH$ boI C {ejUmda CnbãY {XgVmV. (3) J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmbm ~è`mn¡H$s ñWmZ {Z`VH$m{bH$mVyZ {_imë`mMo {XgVo; Á`m_Üò 13 boI àH$m{eV Pmbo AmhoV. `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mV 3 nojm OmñV boIH$m§Mo \$º$ 5 boI AgyZ EH$m boIH$mMo _mÌ 388 boI Agë`mMo {XgVo. (4) Xrjm§V g_ma§^ d¥Îmmbm `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mV A{Ve` _hÎdmMo ñWmZ AgyZ Ë`m_Üò hmoUmao ~rO^mfU _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZmÀ`m A§JmZo C {ejUmda àH$me Q>mH$Umao {d{dY {df`m§da AmYm[aV hmooVo. (5) C {ejUjoÌm_Yrb _hÎdnyU© {df`m§da àH$m{eV hmoUmè`m J«§Wm§Mm n[aM` Á`mbm AmnU ~wH$ [aìøy åhUVmo Vmo _mÌ g§{já dmQ>bm. (6) àËòH$ {dÚmnrR>mZo qH$dm _hm{dÚmb`mZo XIb ¿`mdr Ago Wo{gg Am°\$ X _§W ho gXa Oo H$s, Amnë`m {df`mV AmVmn`ªV {H$Vr d H$moUË`m {df`mda à~§YH$s` H$m_ Pmbobo Amho `mMr _hÎdnyU© _m{hVr `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO_YyZ {_iVo. (7) Xoe-{dXoemVrb C {ejUmMr XodmUKodmU H$aUmao Ý`yO \«$m°_ A°~«m°S> `mMm {dñVma _mÌ {deof à^mdr dmQ>bobm Zmhr. (8) EAm``y ho BVa {dÚmnrR>, _hm{dÚmb` `m§Zm gmo~V KoD$Z {d{dY go{_Zma, dH©$em°n, H$m°Ý\$aÝg KoVo. ho C {ejUmbm AZwgê$Z AgyZ Vo Aä`mgH$m§gmR>r Cn`wº$ Amho. (9) `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO_Yrb Om{hamV ho gXa A{Ve` _hÎdmMo dmQ>bo. H$maU ZmoH$arÀ`m emoYmV Agboë`m àmdrÊ`àmá {dÚmÏ`mªZm XoeâmVrb ZmoH$ar{df`H$ g§YrMm bm^ `m Om{hamVtVyZ {_iVmo. Va àdoe gXam_Üò Hw$R>bo Aä`mgH«$_ Cn`moJmMo AmhoV hohr `m Om{hamVtVyZ H$iVo. {edm` ì`mdgm{`H$ gXam_Üò {d{dY g§ñWm, gaH$mar àH$meZo _hm{dÚmb`rZ d {dÚmnrR>r` H$m_H$mO, dmMZ gm{hË`, \${Z©Ma, CnH$aUo d BVa _hÎdnyU© _m{hVr {deof Cn`moJr nS>Umar Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 51 {e\$maer (1) J«§Wmb`mV gd© àH$maMo dmMZgm{hË` ghO CnbãY hmoV Agë`mZo J«§Wmb` ho C {ejUjoÌmVrb _hÎdmMo A§J Amho. Ë`m_wio J«W§ mbèmñÌmdarb boI `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO_Üò OmñV àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV `mdo. (2) ~wH$ [aìhÿ_Yrb J«§Wn[aM` WmoS>m {dñVmamZo Úmdm. (3) `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO ho {Z`VH$m{bH$ gd© _hm{dÚmb`rZ d e¡j{UH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr ~mob{dbo nm{hOo. `m g§X^m©V EAm``yZo `wOrgrH$S>o Vgm nmR>nwamdm H$amdm. (4) `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yOMo gd© A§H$ Am°ZbmB©Z nÕVrZo CnbãY ìhmdoV, åhUOo Aä`mgH$m§Zm Ka~gë`m Aä`mgVm òVrb. (5) `w{Zìh{g©Q>r Ý`yO `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mMr A§VJ©V gOmdQ> a§JrV Agmdr. (6) Xrjm§V g_ma§^ ~rO^mfUmMo d BVa H$m`©H«$_mMo \$moQ>mo AgmdoV. (7) B§J«Or Amd¥Îmrgmo~VM qhXr Amd¥ÎmrXoIrb Agmdr qH$dm qhXr Amd¥Îmr ñdV§Ì àH$m{eV H$amdr. g§X^© (1) AmJbmdo àXrn, g§emoYZ nÕVremñÌ d V§Ìo, ZmJnya {dÚm àH$meZ, 2000, n¥. 360 Vo 367. (2) ~moYZH$a gwYra, AbmoUr {ddoH$ Am{U Hw$iH$Uu _¥Umb, Ame`-{díbofU V§Ì gm_m{OH$ g§emoYZ nÕVr, gmB©ZmW àH$meZ, 2003, n¥. 234. (3) ^m§S>maH$a, nw. b. gm_m{OH$ g§emoYZ nÕVr, ZmJnya _. {d. J«. {Z. _§S>i, 1976, n¥. 235-238. (4) [agdS>H$a _.am., Ame`-{díbofU, kmZJ§JmoÌr, 2 _mM© 2001, n¥. 7. (5) University Hand Book, Association of Indian Universities, New Delhi : AIU, 1997. (6) http://www.indiatogether.org/2004/may/edu.ugc.htm ❏❏❏ kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 52 boIH$ n[aM` (1) àm. S>m°. gË`ZmamÙ am. ~mhoVr lr_Vr b. am. Vmo. dm{UÁ` _hm{dÚmb`, AH$mobm òWo J«§Wnmb Am{U J«§WmbèmñÌ {d^mJ à_wI. EHy$U VohVrg dfmªMm àXrK© AZw^d, `. M. _. _wV {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m ~r. {b~., E_. {b~., E_. {\$b. {ejUH«$_mMo H|$Ðg§`moOH$ d g§_Ì§ H$, nrEM. S>r. _mJ©Xe©H$. _hm{dÚmb`rZ VgoM gmd©O{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mÀ`m {d{dY g§KQ>Zm§Mo g{H«$` nXm{YH$mar d ârd H$m`©. AmR> nwñVH$m§Mo boIZ, ghm ñ_a{UH$m§Mo g§nmXZ d AZwdmX, nñVrg emoY{Z~§Y d Xmo Z eo h ÿ Z A{YH$ bo I , J« § W narjUo , {d{dY dV© _ mZnÌo d {Z`VH$m{bH$m§_YyZ àH$m{eV. J«§Wmb` emñÌmdarb VrZ Am§Vaamï´>r`, Vrg amï´>r` d drg amÁ`ñVar` n[afXm§_Üò g{H«$` gh^mJ. {d{dY AmR> nwañH$mam§Zr gå_m{ZV. g§V JmS>Jo~m~m A_amdVr {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ Aä`mg _§S>imÀ`m d AÝ` {dÚmnrR>mÀ§ `m {d{dY g{_Ë`m§da H$m`©. {d{dY {R>H$mUr VÁk g§gmYZ ì`º$s åhUyZ Am_§{ÌV. AmH$medmUrda AZoH$Xm ì`m»`mZm§Mo àgmaU. ~mbg§ñH$ma, ì`dgm` _mJ©Xe©Z, `moJ, {ZgJm}nMma d A°`wàoea {M{H$Ëgm, BË`mXr {e{~am§Mo Am`moOZ d _mJ©Xe©Z. {dÚm{W©{à` {ejH$ d Aä`mgH$. `wOrgr Ûmao ñdrH¥$V bKy g§emoYZ àH$ën (Minor Research Project) àJ{VnWmda. (2) í`m_H$m§V S>Jdma í`m_H$m§V EH$ZmW S>Jdma `. M. _. _wV {dÚmnrR>mVyZ E_. {b~. narjm AH$mobm H|$Ðmdê$Z {Xbr Amho. `dV_mi òWrb gm{dÌr OmoVramd g_mOH$m`© _hm{dÚmb`, `dV_mi òWo ghm`H$ J«§Wnmb `m nXmda _mJrb 10 dfmªnmgyZ H$m`©aV AgyZ Ë`m§Zr ~S>moXm d h¡Ðm~mX òWrb ^maVr` J«§Wmb` g§KmÀ`m amï´>r` A{YdoeZmV gh^mJ Xe©{dbm Amho. VgoM amÁ`ñVar` d {dX^©ñVar` H$m°Ý\$aÝg_Üò gh^mJ KoVbm Amho. J«W§ mb` Midirer A{Ve` OdiMm g§~Y§ AgyZ Vo AZoH$ gm_m{OH$ e¡j{UH$ CnH«$_m§V {H«$`merb AmhoV. `wW hmoñQ>ob Agmo{gEeZ Am°\$ B§{S>`m `m amï´>r` nX^«_U g§ñWoÀ`m `dV_mi emIoMo H$m`m©Ü`j AmhoV. BVa boIH$m§Mm n[aM` `mnyduÀ`m A§H$m§VyZ à{gÕ Pmbobm Amho. kmZJ§JmoÌr LIB 013 J«W § mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ KQ>Zm, KS>m_moS>r, ^mî` df© 8 do kmZJ§JmoÌr _mM©-E{àb-_o 2008 A§H$ 4 AZwH«$_{UH$m g§nmXH$ S>m°. a_oe daIoS>o H$m`©H$mar g§nmXH$ S>m°. amO|Ð Hw§$^ma g§nmXH$ _§S>i S>m°. _YwH$a eodmio lr. àdrU KmoS>oñdma S>m°. àXrn H${U©H$ ì`dñWmnH$ S>m°. _YwH$a eodmio 2008 èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wV {dÚmnrR> © {Z{_©Vr lr. AmZ§X `mXd, ì`dñWmnH$, J«§W{Z{_©Vr H|$Ð, `. M. _. _wV {dÚmnrR> _wÐH$ lr. AaqdX nmoVZrg, lr Am°\$goQ> àog, 7 E, ZmB©g, gmVnya, Zm{eH$ - 7 àH$meH$ lr. gwaoe H$modio, à^mar Hw$bg{Md, `. M. _. _wV {dÚmnrR> Zm{eH$ - 422 222. o g§nmXH$s` o J«§WnmbZmMr Z¡{VH$Vm d AmMmag§{hVm o kmZì`dñWmnZ g§ñH¥$Vr àm.Or.E. ~wdm 12 o gh`moJr CnH«$_ àm. Or.E. ~wdm 22 o AmonZ gmog© gm°âQ>doAa : ñdê$n Am{U S>m°. amO|Ð Hw§$^ma 33 \$m`Xo 2 àm. lr. nm§. nmoVXma 3 o University News `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mMo àm. S>m°. gË`ZmamÙ ~mhoVr 36 Ame`-{díbofUmË_H$ AÜ``Z gwQ>çm A§H$mMr qH$_V g§ñWm é. 50 dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur g§ñWm é. 200 d em_H$m§V S>Jdma ì`Vr é. 30 ì`Vr é. 120 _mJrb A§H$ CnbãYVoZwgma nmR>{dbo OmVrb. dJ©UrMm YZmH$f© (S>rS>r) "{dÎm A{YH$mar, èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$' `m Zmdo H$mT>bobm Am{U Zm{eH$ òWo Xo` Agmdm. nÌì`dhmamMm nÎmm dJ©Ur d ì`dñWmnZ - S>m°. _YwH$a eodmio, Cn-J«§Wnmb d à_wI, J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVròmoV H|$Ð, èd§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$ - 422 222. g§nmXH$s` (gm{hË` nmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r) - S>m°. amO|Ð Hw§$^ma, 2, A§{H$V, {bQ>b hmQ>©, ñdm_r g_W© JmS>©ZOdi, {Z_©bm H$m°Ýìh|Q>À`m nmR>r_mJo, J§Jmnya amoS>, Zm{eH$ - 422 013. l `m A§H$mV ì`V Pmboë`m _Vm§er g§nmXH$ d g§nmXH$ _§S>i gh_V AgobM Ago Zmhr.

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