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`odmo hrM Zddfm©{Z{_Îm AmnUm gdmªg ew^oÀN>m !
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nma§n[aH$ åhUOoM J«§W ñdê$nmV CnbãY Agboë`m dmMZ-gm{hË`mMo {S>{OQ>m`PoeZ
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Digital ñdê$nmÀ`m dmMZgm{hË`mMo B§Q>aZoQ>darb à_mUhr doJmZo dmT>V Amho.
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_m{hVrÀ`m emoYmgmR>r _oQ>mS>oQ>m Amdí`H$ AgVmo. `m Ñï>rZo J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$ d
g§ñWm {dMma d H¥$Vr H$aV AmhoV. {S>{OQ>b ñdê$nmVrb _m{hVrMr {Z{_©Vr, CnbãYVm,
dmna `mg§~§YmV H$mhr Am{W©H$ àíZhr CX²^dVmV. `m gd© ~m~tMr MMm© `m A§H$mVrb
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Ago Zmhr. _m{hVr {deofV
~mobnQ> / {MÌnQ>m§À`mhr _mÜ`_mVyZ CnbãY hmoVo.
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EH$m gwà{gÕ {MÌ\$sV J«§Wmb`mMm gImob n[aM` a_oe gwVma `m§Zr Ë`m§À`m boImV
H$ê$Z {Xbm Amho.
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ì`dñWmnZ V§Ìm§Mm dmna H$aUo An[ahm`© R>aV Amho. gÜ`mMr J«§Wmb`o AmYw{ZH$
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kmZJ§JmoÌr
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2
EH$ AmYw{ZH$ ì`dñWmnZ V§Ì Amho. `m V§ÌmÀ`m J«§Wmb`rZ Cn`moOZm~ÔbMr _m{hVr
{dO` XodYa `m§Zr Ë`m§À`m boImV {Xbr Amho.
J« § W mb`m§ Z r AmYw { ZH$sH$aUmMm A§ J rH$ma Va Ho $ bmM nm{hOo ; Vgo M
dmMZgm{hË`mMm, _m{hVrMm, J«§Wmb`m§Mm dmna dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r Cn^moË`m§Zm /
dmMH$m§Zm gmjahr Ho$bo nm{hOo. Aer gmjaVm åhUOoM _m{hVr gmjaVm. _m{hVr
gmjaVoMr Amdí`H$Vm, _m{hVr gmjaVm CnH«$_ am~{dÊ`mÀ`m nÕVr `m§~ÔbMo {ddoMZ
Eg. Ama. ~mhoVr `m§Zr Ë`m§À`m boImV Ho$bo Amho.
darb boIm§{edm` gXa A§H$m_Ü`o J«§Wn[aM`, AOyZ VmOm dmg OwÝ`mbm hr
Zoh_rMr gXao AmhoVM. gXa A§H$mVrb boI AmnUmg Cn`wV R>aVrb Aer ImÌr
dmQ>Vo.
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kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
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_hmH$m` A§H$s` kmZXmbZ :
ñdê$n, {dH$mg Am{U AS>MUr
A§H$s` _m{hVr _hmOmbmÀ`m (www) OmXy-B©-{dídmV amoO ZdZdrZ Jmoï>tMr
^a nS>V AgVo, ho AmVm Aàyn (dmQ>mdo Ago) am{hbobo Zmhr. VWm{n, EImÚm Aem
Zì`m Jmoï>rMr AmdOy©Z XIb ¿`mdr Aemhr H$mhr KQ>Zm, ~m~r `m {dídmV KS>V
AgVmV. kmZJ§JmoÌrÀ`m _mM© / E{àb / _o 2006À`m A§H$mV "OmJ{VH$ A§H$s`
J«§WmJmamÀ`m {XeoZo' `m boImV AmmnU Oo {dMma _m§S>bo Vo àË`jmV AmUÊ`mgmR>rMo
IS>Va à`ËZ d Ë`mVrb A§V^©yV Jw§VmJw§Vr~m~VMm D$hmnmoh `m boImV Ho$bm Amho.
_mZdmg ñdßZdV qH$dm Ae`àm` Aem {H$Ë`oH$ ~m~r g§JUH$mÀ`m `m `wJmV
"B§Q>aZoQ>' `m Zì`m _mÜ`_mÛmao e` Pmë`m AmhoV. OJ^amVbo g§JUH$ "B§Q>aZoQ>'Ûmao
OmoS>bo OmD$Z nañna g§dmX gwê$ Pmë`mda Va _m{hVrMo _hm{díd T>diyZ {ZKmbo.
_m{hVrMo òmooV, {Z{_©Vr, g§H$bZ d gmR>dUr~amo~aM hdr Vr _m{hVr, hì`m Ë`m
{R>H$mUr emoYÊ`mÀ`m d hdr Ver CnbãY H$aÊ`mÀ`m gmIir à{H«$`o_Ü`o "_m{hVr
_hmOmbm'_wio Am_ybmJ« H«$m§Vr Pmbr. {deofV: _m{hVr-emoYZ, g§H$bZ d àgmaUmVrb
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ñWmZ d A§Va, doi, l_, n¡gm Aem ñdê$nmVrb AZoH$ AS>ga g§H$moM nmdbo AmhoV.
OJ^amVrb CnbãY _m{hVrH$moem§À`m g§JUH$s` _hmOmbmdarb Jw\§ $UrVyZ "_m{hVrMm
_hm{dídH$moe'M OUy H$mhr g_ñV _mZdOmVrg CbnãY Pmbm Amho.
_m{hVr dhZ d OmoS>Ur V§ÌkmZm_Yrb g§emoYZmÀ`m PonZo o H$ig JmRmbm Amho
Ago åhUUo A{Vemo`Vr _wirM R>ê$ Z`o. ^«_UÜdZr g§~Y§ mZo amoOM ZdZdrZ Am{dîH$ma
d dm`-\$m` (wi-fi) Vma{da{hV OmoS>Ur V§ÌkmZmÛmao g§JUH$s` nQ>bm§darb _m{hVrMo
_hmOmb AmVm dmMH$m§gmR>r jUmYm©V Hw$R>ohr Ñí` hmoVo Amho. dmMH$mÀ`m Xmar Zìho,
nwT>çmV - Hw$R>ohr - Ho$ìhmhr 10 bj J«§W Aem àH$mao dmMH$m§gmR>r CnbãY hmoÊ`mMr
H$ënZm H$er dmQ>Vo ?
hr H$ënZm àË`jmV gmH$ma hmoVo Amho "{_{b`Z ~wH$ àmoOoQ>'À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ.
hmo ho gË` Amho. H$ënZm Zmhr. df© 2007 n`ªV Ago J«W§ XmbZ "_m{hVr _hmOmbH$m'da
dmMH$m§gmR>r CnbãY hmoV Amho.
A§H$s` J«W§ mb`o (digital libraries) hr g§H$ënZm Joë`m XeH$^a MM©Vo Amho.
OJ^a àM§S> J§JmOir Jw§VdyZ A§H$s` J«§Wmb`rZ àH$ënm§da H$m`© gwê$ Amho. AZoH$
{df`m§Zm dm{hbobr Am{U XoemoXoerÀ`m B{Vhmg d gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmaem§~Ôb BË`§^yV
_m{hVr XoUmar A§H$s` J«§Wmb`o {Z{_©Vr àH$ën hmVr KoÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. Aem
àH$ënm§Mr EH$ ^br _moR>r `mXrM V`ma hmoB©b. nma§n[aH$ J«§Wmb`m§À`m _`m©Xm d
_VoXmar g§ndyZ Aer J«§Wmb`o dmMH$m§À`m godoV H$YrM XmIb Pmbr AmhoV.
J«W§ mb`m_YyZ CnbãY J«W§ g§nXm Or \$V N>mnrb Aja/{MÌo ñdê$nmV CnbãY hmoVr.
AmVm _OHw$am~amo~aM, a§JrV {MÌo, MbV²{MÌo, ÜdZr Aem ~hþ{dY _mÜ`_m§VyZ _m{hVr
A§H$s` J«§Wmb`mV g§H${bV H$aVm `oVo. VgoM Vr _m{hVr hdr Voìhm dmMH$m§gmR>r
emoYVm `oVo. g§JUH$mda dmMZr` ñdê$nmV _m{hVr H$moR>ohr CnbãY hmoVo Vohr AmVm
ZdrZ am{hbobo Zmhr. H$mZ©oOr _obmZ {dÚmnrR>mZo 'The Million Book Project'
(Xebj J«§WàH$ën) A§VJ©V Zmoìh|~a 2005 n`ªV 6 bj J«§W A§H$s` ñdê$nmV
(scanned) CnbãY Ho$bo AmhoV.(1)
"JwJb' `m à»`mV H§$nZrZohr `mM YVuda àM§S> Ago "A§H$s` J«§WmJma'
(Massive Digital Library) {Z{_©VrgmR>r "J«W§ mb` ghH$mar g§K' (Consortium
of Libraries) ñWmnZ Ho$bm Amho. `m g§Km_Yrb Ho$di EH$m gXñ`mH$S>o- hmd©S>©
{dÚmnrR> J«W§ mb`mH$S>o 1.5 H$moQ> J«W§ g§nXm Amho. OCLCÀ`m g§emoYZ d¥ÎmmÝVmZwgma(2)
JwJbÛmao A§H$s` J«W§ XmbZ {Z{_©Vr àH$ënmÝVJ©V Xw_r©i d {deof Aem 10.5 {_{b`ZÀ`m
(10.5 H$moQ>r) da J«§Wm§Mm A§V^m©d Amho. hr BVH$s àM§S> J«§Wg§nXm A§H$s` ñdê$nmV
CnbãY H$aÊ`mÀ`m g§H$ënZoZoM ZwgVr YS>H$s ^aVo. ho (gd©) H$m`© Zìho _hmH$m`© H$go
nma nS>m`Mo `mdahr {dídmg ~gUo H$R>rU dmQ>mdo AgoM Amho. ~ao `m_Ü`ohr ~aoM
AS>ga, Jw§VmJw§Vr d _w»` åhUOo {ZYr, ho gd© àíZ H$go gmoS>{dUma hmhr àíZ nS>ë`mg
kmZJ§JmoÌr
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4
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
5
S>m°. ZmJZmW am. am_Xmgr d gm¡. _§Owfm Zm. am_Xmgr
_hmH$m` A§H$s` J«§WXmbZ AWm©V Massive Digital
Library {dH${gV H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo gÜ`m _moR>çm à_mUmda
à`ËZ hmoV AmhoV. Ago kmZXmbZ H$go Agob/ Amho; Ë`mÀ`m
{dH$mgH$m`m©Vrb KQ>Zm, g§ñWm, V§ÌkmZ, à{H«$`m, BË`mXr
~m~tMr MMm© gXa boImV Ho$bobr Amho. VgoM A§H$s`
J«§WXmbZmg§X^m©V CnpñWV hmoUmè`m g_ñ`mhr Z_yX Ho$ë`m
AmhoV.
H$mZ©O
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§ àH$ën
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Zmoìh|~a 2005 n`ªV `m A§H$s` J«W§ mb`mMr àJVr Aer 6 bmI nwñVHo$ A§H$s` ñdê$nmV (Scanned)
n¡H$s ^maV - 1 bmI 70 hOma
MrZ - 4 bmI 20 hOma
B{Oá - 20 hOma
darbn¡H$s 1 bmI 35 hOma B§J«Or J«§W AmhoV. VgoM ^maVr`, {MZr,
Aa~r, \«|$M, BË`mXr ^mfm§_Yrb J«§W AmhoV. ~hþVm§er J«§W ~m¡{ÕH$ h¸$
g§nXoÀ`m (copyright) _`m©Xo~mhoarb (gm_mÝ`nUo dmnaÊ`mg CnbãY)
AmhoV. VWm{n 60 hOma nwñVH$m§Mr copyright nadmZJr Mr KoVbr Amho.
(53 hOma B§J«Or d 7000 ^maVr` ^mfoVrb)
AÚmn gd© J«§W online CnbãY ZmhrV, qH$dm EH$m g§Ho$VñWimdahr gd©
ZmhrV.
^maVm_Ü`o 22 A§H$s`rH$aU H|$Ðo (scanning centres) AmhoV. MrZ_Ü`o
18 A§H$s`rH$aU H|$Ðo AmhoV.
{ZYr CnbãYVm d ghH$m`©
EZEgE\$V\©o$ 3.6 {_{b`Z S>m°ba CnH$aUo IaoXrgmR>r CnbãY.
^maV d MrZ gw{dYm, _Zwî`~i, g§emoYZ ghH$m`©.
H$mZ©oOr _obmZ {dÚmnrR>mV J«§Wmb` à{ejU gw{dYm d _m{hVr gmR>dU
O~m~Xmar OCLC {Z:ewëH$ _oQ>mS>oQ>m V`ma H$aUo d Zm|Xr VnmgUo.
OCA À`m (Open Content Alliance) ghH$m`m©Zo JwJbZo ñdV:Mr Aer
_OHy$a ^aU/g§H$bZ `§ÌUm C^r Ho$br Amho. OCA hr H§$nZr Aem A§H$s` _m{hVr^aU d g§H$bZmgmR>r nmaXeu nm`m^yV Mm¡H$Q> (Transparent framework for
massive digitization) XoD$ H$arV Amho. `m{edm` BVa AZoH$ ñnY©H$ H§$nÝ`m
`mgmR>r BÀNw>H$ AmhoV. Yahoo VgMo Microsoft `m {X½JO H§$nÝ`mhr Aem A§H$s`
(1) _OHw$amMo A§H$s` ê$nmÝVaU (Anolog to Text) d g§H$bZ.
(2) `§ÌmÛmao ^mfm§Va (Machine Translation) : {d{dY ^mfm§Zm BVa ^mfm§_Ü`o
^mfm§V[aV VgoM {bß`§V[aV H$aUmar gmYZo.
(3) _m{hVr gmR>dU, Omiçm§da àgmaU d emoY`§ÌUm.
`m gmYZm§{edm` Aem àH$ënm§gmR>r AZoH$ àH$maMm gh^mJ bmJob. _m{hVr
V§Ìk, g§JUH$ V§Ìk, J«§Wnmb, {df`VÁk, BË`mXr AZoH$m§Mm g_Ýd` gmYyZ Ago
_hmH$m` àH$ën nyU©Ëdmg ZoUo ho dmQ>Vo {VVHo$ gmono _wirM Zmhr.
J«§WmJma {Z{_©VrgmR>r H${Q>~Õ Pmë`m AmhoV. `m joÌmVrb A_o[aH$Z daMí_m d
_VoXmarg eh XoÊ`mgmR>r `wamo{n`Z g§KmZohr H§$~a H$gbr Amho. `mVyZ AZoH$ g_m§Va
àH$ën OÝ_mg `oD$ KmVbo AmhoV.(3)
`m gd© H$m`m©gmR>rMm {ZYrhr CnbãY Amho. AWm©VM, Google, Yahoo,
Microsoft Aem {X½JO _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZ H§$nÝ`m§gmR>r {ZYr hm àíZ \$magm _moR>m
Zmhr. VWm{n, BVa AZoH$ ~m~tÀ`m AZwf§JmZo H$mhrer g§{X½YVm _mÌ {ZpíMVM
Amho. `m Aem àH$ënm§_Ü`o hmoUmè`m BV`m àM§S> J§JmOirMr JwV§ dUyH$ d Vr H$aUmè`m
`m {X½JO H§$nÝ`m ho gd© H$mhr ì`mdgm{`H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ Z R>odVmM H$aVmhoV H$m ?
qH$~hþZm ho d¡pídH$ J«§WmJma {Z_m©U PmboM Va dmMH$m§Zm _wVÛma qH$dm {H$_mZ
{H$\$m`Vera dJ©UrXamV CnbãY Agob H$m` ?
Xwgao, ~m¡{ÕH$ h¸$ g§nXm d _mbH$s h¸$ {deofV: Copyright A§VJ©V Jw§VmJw§V.
JwJb H§$nZrÀ`m `m _hÎdmH$m§jr àH$ënm_wio Á`m§À`m {hVg§~§Ymda n[aUm_ hmoUma
Amho Ago OJ^amVrb J«§W h¸$YmaH$ gOJ hmoD$Z {damoY Zm|XdrV AmhoV. AWm©VM,
JwJbgma»`m {X½JO H§$nZrbmhr `m~m~VMm {ZpíMV XyaÑ{ï>H$moZ H$m`Xoera[aË`m ñnï>
H$amdm bmJob. H$Xm{MV, `mVyZ "Ogo AmH$medmUr H$m`©H«$_ àgmaU H$aVmZm
H$m`©H$« _mÀ`m _mbH$sh¸$mMm {dMma H$aVo' Vgo EImXo àmê$n qH$dm "g_mYmZ' ^{dî`mV
`mgmR>r {Z_m©U hmoÊ`mMr e`Vmhr ZmH$maVm `oV Zmhr.
{Vgao, Aem pbï> Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~r VgoM Jw§VmJw§VrMm {dMma H$aVm, Aer A§H$s`
J«§WXmbZo {H$Vr H$mbmdYrV CnbãY AgVrb, ho Oar {ZpíMV gm§JVm `oV Zgbo
Varhr J«§Wñdê$nmVrb _mZd{Z{_©V AZw^yVr _mZdOmVrgmR>r Aem _hmH$m` A§H$s`
kmZXmbZm§Ûmao ghO CnbãY Pmë`m Va Aem kmZXmbZm§g§~§{YV Jw§VmJw§Vr H$em Agy
eH$Vrb ? Aem kmZXmbZm§À`m ñdê$nm§~amo~aM, _mZdr ~m¡{ÕH$ OrdZmda Ë`m§Mm
n[aUm_ H$gm Agob ? hm EH$ g§emoYZmMm {df` R>amdm. _mZdr {dídmVrb AZw^yVr,
Á`m K«mU|{Ð`mÛmao AZw^{dë`m OmVmV, Ë`mVrb H$mhr boIUrÛmao à{Vq~{~V hmoVmV.
_mZdr ~wÕrVyZ _ZmÀ`m AmH$memVyZ {b{IV ñdê$nmV CVaë`mda J«§W~Õ hmoVmV.
nwZ:nS>VmiUrÛmao Zo_`m _m§S>UrVyZ N>nmB©Ûmao J«W§ m§Mr dmMZr`Vm VgoM n[aUm_H$maH$Vm
dmT>{dbr OmVo. hr gd© à{H«$`m bjmV KoVm, Aem àH$ënm§VJ©V J«§W CnbãY H$aVmZm
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
6
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
7
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Zdb dmQ>m`bm ZH$mo. darb àH$ën gmÜ` hmoÊ`mg _yb^yV VrZ V§ÌgmYZm§Mm {dMma
H$amdm bmJob.
ho gd© Omonmgbo OmB©b H$m` ? hr n¥ÀN>m H$aÊ`m_mJrb _hÎdmMo H$maU Ago, H$s
dadaÀ`m {ZarjUmVyZ Ago dmQ>Vo H$s, _mZdr _|Xyer {ZJ{S>V hr à{H«$`m d ~w{Õ_Îmm
VgoM H¥$Vr `m§_Yrb A§Va ZdrZ V§ÌkmZm_wio dmT>V Mmbbo Amho H$m` ? ho nS>VmiUo
_hÎdmMo R>amdo.
Aem A§H$s` J«§WXmbZm§_Yrb Jw§VmJw§VrMm {dMma H$ê$ OmVm H$m` AmT>ibo
`m~m~V Imbr H$mhr ~m~r {deX Ho$ë`m AmhoV :
· AmH$ma d Ame` `m ~m~VtV Ano{jV n[aUm_ H$go AgVrb ? àM§S>
J«§WmJmamVrb J«§Wg§»`m dmT>V amhrb. Aem g§»`mË_H$ ~Xbm§~amo~aM
JwUmË_H$Voda H$m` n[aUm_ hmoB©b ?
· EH${OZgr Agm g§J«h Zgboë`m Aem A§H$s` J«§WmJmamV AZoH$ {df`m§darb,
~hþ^m{fH$ VgoM {d{dY àH$maMr J«§Wg§nXm Agob. Ë`mVyZhr H$mhr Jw§VmJw§Vr
CX²^dy eH$Vrb.
· Aem g§J«hmVrb J«§Wm§À`m A§H$s` YmaUm (Digital Form) (CXmhaUmW©,
HTML / RTC / word qH$dm à{V_m g§~§{YV, MbV²{MÌ g§~§{YV)
doJdoJiçm AgVrb. `mgmR>tMr {Z`_mdbr, à_mUHo$, A§VJ©V aMZm {ZpíMVr,
àdmhrnUm d n[aUm_H$maH$ gmXarH$aU `m§Mm {ZpíMV AmamIS>m ~Zdmdm
bmJob. gyú_ ñVamda dmMH$m§Zm Ëd[aV _m{hVr nwa{dÊ`mgmR>r `m gd© Jw§VmJw§Vr
A{Ve` _hÎdmÀ`m R>amì`mV. AWm©VM, J«§WmJma n[and hmoV OmB©b VgVgo
ho gd© OmUdy bmJob. åhUyZ _oQ>mS>oQ>mMm gmH$ë`mZo {dMma H$ê$Z nyd©{Z`moOZmVyZ
Aem g§J«hmMr AW©nyU©Vm d Cn`wVVm dmT>{dVm `oB©b.
· Aem _hmH$m` J«§WXmbZm§Mm dmMH$dJ©hr IynM _moR>m d OJ^amVyZ Agob.
ì`mdgm{`H$ dmMH$, e¡j{UH$ dmMH$, gm_mÝ` dmMH$, BË`mXr àH$mam§{edm`,
Ë`m§À`m _m{hVr emoY d kmZmÀ`m JaOm doJdoJiçm ñVam§da VgoM {^Þ Agy
eH$VmV. ho bjmV KoVm, EH$mM {R>H$mUr _m{hVr emoY (Single point
access) à{H«$`m CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo {H$VnV `eñdr R>aob ?
AWm©V, nydm©Zwbú`mZo Aem pbï>Vm d Jw§VmJw§Vr {dMmamV KoVë`m Var, àË`jmV
AZoH$ doJio àíZ Agy eH$VmV. Ë`m§Mr CÎmao H$Xm{MV JaOoVyZ d AZw^dmVyZ emoYbr
OmVrb. _mZdr _hÎdmH$m§jobm A§V Zmhr hoM Iao. `m Aem _hÎdmH$m§joVyZM øm
_hmH$m` J«§WXmbZm§À`m dmQ>m gwH$a hmoD$Z Iar _hmH$m` kmZXmbZo hiyhiy AmH$ma
KoVrb Aer Amem ~miJÊ`mg haH$V Zmhr.
_hmH$m` J«§WXmbZmÀ`m AZwf§JmZo g§emoYZ / {dMma H$aÊ`mgmR>rMo H$mhr {df`
nwT>rbà_mUo AmhoV.
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_hÎdmMo g§emoYZ {df`
-
OCR (Indian/Arabic)
-
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-
Image Processing
User Interface Design
Large Scale DBMS
Automatic Summrization
Copyright AmamIS>m
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(1) Cornegie Mellon Libraries : Million Book Project FAQ
<http://www.library.cmu.edu/libraries/MBP-FAQ.html>
(2) Bridn Laroie, etal "Anatomy of Aggergate Collection : The
example of Google Print for Libraries'' D-Lib Magazine September 2005. <dol:10, l045/ September 2005 - Lavoie>
(3) Open Content Alliance (OCA) home page
<http: //www.opencontentalliance org.>
ooo
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_hm{dÚmb`rZ J«W
§ mb`m_Ü`o _m{hVr
gmjaVm H$m`©H$« _
S>m°. Eg. Ama. ~mhoVr
àñVwV boIm_Ü`o _m{hVr gmjaVm åhUOo H$m` ? _m{hVr
gmjaVm CnH«$_m§Mr Amdí`H$Vm d nÕVtMr _m{hVr {Xbobr
Amho. _m{hVr gmjaVm CnH«$_ H$moUr am~~mdoV d Vo am~{dVmZm
H$moUH$moUË`m AS>MUr `oD$ eH$VmV `mMrhr _m{hVr gXa
boImV {Xbobr Amho.
àñVmdZm
AmO kmZ{dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZmÀ`m àJVr_wio Zìho H«$m§Vr_wio _moR>çm à_mUmda
dmMZgm{hË`mMr {Z{_©Vr hmoV Amho. XaamoO ZdZdrZ _m{hVrMm àM§S> AmoK `oV Amho.
_hm{dÚmb`mV/ e¡j{UH$ J«W§ mb`m_Ü`o `oUmam dmMH$ _J Vmo {dÚmWu, {ejH$ AWdm
g§emoYH$ H$moUrhr Agob Ë`mbm hr ZdrZ _m{hVr Ëd[aV CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMo H$m_
_hm{dÚmb`rZ J«§Wnmbmbm _moR>çm Hw$ebVoZo H$amdo bmJVo. Ë`mMà_mUo àË`oH$
dmMH$mbm àË`oH$ doir ì`pVe: àË`oH$ _m{hVr J«§WnmbmH$Sy>ZM {_imbr nm{hOo
qH$dm J«§WnmbmZoM Úmdr hohr e` ZgVo.
Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~r§Mr _m{hVr dmMH$m§Zm ZgVo åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm `m~m~V _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo JaOoMo
AgVo. Ë`m§Mr Ë`m§Zm AmoiI H$ê$Z Úmd`mMr AgVo. Ë`mH$[aVm J«§Wmb`mV am~{dÊ`mV
`oUmè`m H$m`©H«$_m§Zm AmnU J«§Wmb`mVrb _m{hVr gmjaVm Ago åhUy eH$Vmo.
dmñV{dH$ nmhVm dmMH$/Cn^moVm à{ejU (User Education), Cn^moVm
CX²~moYZ (User Orientation), J«§Wmb` n[aM` (Library Introduction) ho
H$m`©H«$_ AmOhr AmnU _hm{dÚmb`rZ J«§Wmb`mV am~drV AmhmoV.
VgoM dmMH$m§Zm gmhmæ` (Assistance to Reader), dmMH$m§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z
(Guidance to Readers), dmMH$m§Zm gyMZm (Instructions to User), ZdmJV
dmMH$mbm J«W§ mb`mMr AmoiI (Initiations to fresh Reader), AmXr g§kmMm
Cn`moJhr gm_mÝ`V: `mM H$maUmgmR>r H$aÊ`mV `oVmo. AmOÀ`m _m{hVrÀ`m `wJm_Ü`o
Ë`mbm _m{hVr gmjaVm H$m`©H«$_ (Information Literacy Programme) Ago
åhUVm `oBb
© .
Norman Higham `m§Zr gwM{dë`mà_mUo _m{hVr gmjaVoH$[aVm VrZ KQ>H$
_hÎdmMo AmhoV :
(1) J«§Wmb`mMm gm_mÝ` Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mgmR>r _XV H$aUo.
(2) _m{hVr gmYZm§À`m Cn`moJm~m~V dmMH$m§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo.
(3) dmMH$mbm Amdí`H$ Ë`m {df`mdarb _m{hVrMm emoY KoÊ`mgmR>r {deof
_XV H$aUo.
S>m°. Eg. Ama. a§JZmWZ `m§Zr _m{hVr gmjaVoÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moUmVyZ dmMH$m§Mo /
Cn^moË`m§Mo nmM àH$ma Z_yX Ho$bobo AmhoV.
(1) ZdmJV dmMH$ (Fresh User/Reader),
(2) gm_mÝ` dmMH$ (General User/Reader),
(3) ghO `oUmam dmMH$ / {H$aH$moi _m{hVrgmR>r `oUmam dmMH$ (Casual
Reader),
J«W§ mb`mV H$moUH$moUVr _m{hVr CnbãY Amho, _m{hVrMo òmoV H$moUVo, _m{hVrMm
emoY H$gm ¿`mdm, g§X^©J«§W H$go hmVmimdoV, Ë`mVrb _m{hVrMr aMZm H$er Ho$bobr
AgVo, J«§Wmb`mVrb nwñVH$m§Mr _m§S>Ur H$er Ho$br Amho, VgoM AÝ` _hÎdmÀ`m
(4) AZwnpñWV dmMH$ (Absentee Reader),
(5) Vk dmMH$ (Specialist Enquirer /Reader),
_hm{dÚmb`mV {dÚmWu dmMH$m§Zm VgoM ZdrZ {ejH$m§Zm J«§Wmb`mMm {Z`{_V
dmMH$ H$gm KS>dmd`mMm, Ë`m§À`m_Ü`o dmMZmMr AmdS> {Z_m©U H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`mV
Agbobr ^rVr Xya H$ê$Z J«§Wmb`m~ÔbMr g{dñVa _m{hVr H$er H$ê$Z XoVm `oB©b
`mMm {dMma H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
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_m{hVr gmjaVm åhUOo H$m` ?
J«W
§ mb`mVrb _m{hVr gmjaVm H$m`©H$« _mÀ`m Amdí`H$VoMr H$maUo
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
_m{hVrMm n[añ\$moQ>
_m{hVr gmYZm§_Yrb {d{dYVm
_m{hVr gmYZm§~m~V dmMH$m§Mr AZ{^kVm
{ejUjoÌmV Pmbobr dmT>
_m{hVrMo ObX àgmaU
H$_rV H$_r doioV ZdrZ g§emoYZmMm Cn`moJ
J«§Wmb`mVrb ZdrZ _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZmMm dmT>Vm dmna
Vm§{ÌH$Vm {déÕ _mZdVm.
J«§Wmb`mVrb CnbãY _m{hVr gmYZm§Mm nyU© Cn`moJ ìhmdm, H$moUVrhr _m{hVr
Xwb©{jV amhÿ Z`o; H$maU H$moUË`mhr _m{hVr_Ü`o H$mhr Zm H$mhr kmZ gmR>{dbobo
AgVo. Ë`mM~amo~a _m{hVrMm Cn`moJ H$aUmamgwÕm Ë`mnmgyZ d§{M>V amhÿ Z`o Am{U
àË`oH$ _m{hVr gwb^VoZo àmá hmoÊ`mÀ`m Ñïr>Zo J«§Wmb`mV _m{hVr gmjaVm H$m`©H«$_
am~{dUo AË`mdí`H$ Amho.
H$m`©H$« _ H$moUr am~dmdm ?
_hm{dÚmb`mV _m{hVr gmjaVm H$m`©H«$_ gm_mÝ`nUo J«§Wnmbm§ZrM am~{dbm
nm{hOo. H$maU BVa {dÚmemIm§Vrb {ejH$m§nojm J«§Wnmb hmM n[aUm_H$maH$ {ejH$
R>ê$ eH$Vmo. {dÚmnrR> AZwXmZ Am`moJ, doJdoJio {ejU Am`moJ `m§Zr _hm{dÚmb`rZ
J«§Wnmbmbm {ejH$ åhUyZ g§~mo{Ybo Amho. _hmamï´> {dÚmnrR> A{Y{Z`_ 1994 Zwgma
_hm{dÚmb` J«§Wnmbmbm {ejH$m§À`m ì`m»`oV g_m{dï> Ho$bo Amho. J«§WnmbmÀ`m
H$V©ì`mMm Vmo EH$ _hÎdmMm e¡j{UH$ ^mJ åhUyZ _mÝ` H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho Am{U Vo
J«§Wmb`joÌmVrb VÁk Agë`m_wio Ë`m§À`mÛmaoM _m{hVr gmjaVm H$m`©H«$_ am~{dbm
Omdm.
_m{hVr gmjaVm am~{dÊ`mÀ`m nÕVr
(1) dmMH$m§Zm JQ> nmSy>Z J«§Wmb`mVyZ àË`j {\$adyZ godm§Mr d nwñVH$m§Mr _m{hVr
H$ê$Z XoUo.
(2) J«§Wmb`mMr n[aM` nwpñVH$m àH$m{eV d {dV[aV H$ê$Z (Know your
Library, Library Guide, etc.).
kmZJ§JmoÌr
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(3) ÑH$-lmì` _mÜ`_mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo - J«§Wmb`mg§~§Yr _m{hVr XoUmar Üd{Z\$sV,
{MÌ\$sV, ñbmB©S²>g, Q´>mÝg\$aÝgrO, BË`mXr V`ma H$ê$Z.
(4) àË`oH$ dJm©da H$mhr {d{eï> Vm{gH$m KoD$Z {dÚmÏ`mªZm OmUrd H$ê$Z XoUo.
darb {d{^Þ nÕVtMm {dMma Ho$ë`mg àË`oH$mbm _`m©Xm AmhoV Ago AmT>iyZ
`oVo. Ogo- _hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m _m{hVr nwpñVHo$V (Prospects) J«§Wmb`mg§~§YrMr
_m{hVr, {Z`_ {Xbobo AgVmV; nU Vr H$miOrnyd©H$ dmMyZ g_OyZ KoÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr
{dÚmÏ`mª_Ü`o \$maM H$_r AmT>iVo.
`m gd© nÕVt_Ü`o gdmªV à^mdr R>aUmar nÕV åhUOo àË`oH$ dJm©da
J«§Wmb`mg§~§Yr H$mhr R>amdrH$ Vm{gH$m KoD$Z {dÚmÏ`mª_Ü`o _m{hVr gmjaVm {Z_m©U
H$aUo hmo`.
`moOZm H$er am~dmdr ?
·
·
·
·
·
hm H$m`©H«$_ gd© _hm{dÚmb`m§V am~{dÊ`mV `mdm.
doimnÌH$mV J«§Wmb` _m{hVr gmjaVog§~§Yr Vm{gH$m§Mm g_mdoe H$amdm.
{eH${dÊ`mÀ`m ~m~tMr (Syllabus) Aä`mgH«${_H$m V`ma H$ê$Z {dÚmnrR>mÛmao
gd© _hm{dÚmb`m§À`m àmMm`mªZm d J«§Wnmbm§Zm nmR>{dÊ`mV `mì`mV.
{dÚmnrR>mMr Am{U àmMm`mªMr Ë`mg _mÝ`Vm Agmdr.
ho H$m`© J«W§ nmbmZo Amnë`m J«W§ mb`rZ doi_o Ü`oM H$amdo. Ë`mà_mUo doimnÌH$mMo
g_m`moOZ H$aÊ`mV `mdo.
_m{hVr gmjaVm Aä`mgH«$_mV g_m{dï> H$amd`mÀ`m ~m~r
`mg§~Y§ r AZoH$ MMm©gÌm§Ûmao, VÁkm§Zr Ho$boë`m gyMZm§À`m AmYmao JVdfu 2005
_Ü`o ZmJnya {dÚmnrR> _hm{dÚmb`rZ J«§Wmb` g§KQ>Zm `m§Zr EH$ _mJ©Xe©H$
Aä`mgH«${_H$m V`ma Ho$br AgyZ Vr ZmJnya {d^mJmVrb gd© J«§Wnmbm§H$S>o nmR>{dÊ`mV
Ambr. Ë`mV Imbrb ~m~tMm g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. Vmo gdmªZm _mJ©Xe©H$ /
Cn`wV R>aUmam Amho.
(1) _hm{dÚmb`rZ J«W§ mb`m~Ôb _m{hVr XoU.o
(2) J«§Wmb`mÛmao XoÊ`mV `oUmè`m godm§Mr _m{hVr XoUo.
(3) AÜ``Zm_Ü`o J«§Wm§Mm Cn`moJ H$gm H$aVmV Vo g_OmdyZ gm§JUo. `m_Ü`o H«${_H$
nwñVH$m§ì`{V[aV BVa J«§Wm§_YyZ _m{hVr H$er {_idm`Mr ho gm§Jmdo.
(4) g§X^©J«§W åhUOo H$m`, Ë`m§Mo àH$ma d Ë`m§Vrb _m{hVrMr aMZm d Ë`mMm Cn`moJ
{deX H$aUo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr
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(5) J«W§ mb`mÀ`m {d{dY CnH«$_m§Mr _m{hVr XoU.o `m_Ü`o J«W§ àXe©Zr, {d{dY ñnYmªMo
Am`moOZ H$aUo.
(6) ñnYm©Ë_H$ narjm§Mr _m{hVr d ì`dgm` _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo.
(7) J«§WoVa gm{hË`mMr AmoiI H$ê$Z XoUo. `m_Ü`o CD ROM Agë`mg Ë`mMm
dmna H$gm H$amdm ho gm§Jmdo. `mV Map, Globe, Charts Mm g_mdoe H$aVm
`oBb
© .
(8) dmMZg§ñH¥$Vr d boIZ g§ñH¥$VrMo _hÎd {deX H$aUo.
(9) g§emoYZm_Ü`o J«§Wmb`mMm dmna H$gm H$amdm `m~Ôb _m{hVr XoUo. Technical Report Writing, Preparation of Bibliographies, Abstracts,
Indexes, BË`mXr V`ma H$aÊ`m~m~V _m{hVr.
(10) àË`oH$ {df`mVrb ZdrZV_ _m{hVrMo _hÎd VgoM dV©_mZnÌ, {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Vrb
_m{hVrMm dmna
(11) J«§Wmb`mVrb {d{dY {d^mJm§Zm àË`j ^oQ> d _m{hVr XoUo.
(12) INTERNET darb _m{hVr d VIRTUAL LIBRARIES Mo _hÎd
g_OmdyZ gm§JUo.
Vm{gH$m g§»`m
darb ^mJ {eH${dÊ`mgmR>r gmYmaUnUo 5 Vo 6 Vm{gH$m (àË`oH$s EH$ VmgmÀ`m
H$mbmdYrÀ`m) bmJVrb Ago Ano{jV Amho.
Vm{gH$m§Mo {Z`moOZ H$go H$amdo d H$moUË`m dJm©da ¿`mì`m ?
gmYmaUnUo _hm{dÚmb`mV `o U mao {dÚmWu 10drZ§ V a åhUOo H${Zð>
_hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m àW_ dfm©bm åhUOo 11dr Am{U nXdr ñVamdarb àW_ dfm©À`m
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hmoD eHo$b.
hm {ejUH«$_ gÌmÀ`m àma§^r Owb,¡ Am°JñQ>, gßQ>~| a øm VrZ _{hÝ`m§V KoVë`mg
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KoVm `oBb
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{dÚm{W©g§»`m OmñV Amho, VoWo doimnÌH$mV Vm{gH$m§Mr OwidmOwid H$aUo
H$R>rU OmB©b.
(2) OmñV {dÚm{W©g§»`m AgUmè`m _hm{dÚmb`mV J«§Wnmbm§Mm A{YH$ doi hm
dJ© KoÊ`m_Ü`o OmB©b. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m X¡Z§{XZ àemgH$s` H$m_mMm Imoi§~m
hmoÊ`mMr e`Vm Amho.
(3) {dÚm{W©g»§ `m AË`§V H$_r Agboë`m _hm{dÚmb`mV J«W§ nmbmbmM J«W§ mb`mVrb
gd© H$m_o H$amdr bmJVmV. ~è`mMXm Ë`mbm XoÊ`mV `oUmam nyaH$ H$_©Mmar dJ©
hmhr EH$M AgVmo d Vmohr gwQ>rda Agë`mg Vm{gH$m KoÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmb` ~§X
R>odmdo bmJUma Amho.
(4) J«§WnmbmÛmao KoÊ`mV `oUmè`m Vm{gH$m§Mm dmñV{dH$ Ë`m§À`m narjoÀ`m JwUm§gmR>r
H$mhr g§~Y§ ZgVmo. Ë`m_wio gd© {dÚmWu `m Vm{gHo$bm dJm©V CnpñWV amhVrbM
`mMr emídVr Zmhr.
EH$ doJim AZw^d
A_amdVr {dÚmnrR>mZo `m dfu àË`oH$ dJm©Vrb àË`oH$ {dÚmÏ`m©bm n`m©daU
{df`mMm {ejUH«$_ nyU© H$aUo AË`mdí`H$ Ho$bo Amho. Ë`mV Ë`mMr narjmhr KoÊ`mV
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\$magm n[aUm_ hmoUma Zmhr. Ë`m_wio {dÚmÏ`mªMr dJm©Vrb CnpñWVr H$_r {XgyZ `oVo.
Z°H$Mr _mJ©Xe©H$ gyMZm
Z°H$Ûmao àH$m{eV Guidelines on Quality Indicators in Library and
Information Services : Affiliated Colleges `m nwpñVHo$V J«§Wmb`m§À`m
JwUmË_H$ {dH$mgmgmR>r Best Practices for College Libraries `m A§VJ©V Á`m
14 ~m~tMm g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho, Ë`mV EH$ _hÎdmMr ~m~ åhUOo Information Literacy Programmes Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV `mdo Ago gwM{dbo Amho.
_m{hVr gmjaVm H$m`©H«$_ hm gd© _hm{dÚmb`m§Zr am~{dbm nm{hOo. Ë`mH$[aVm
gdmªÀ`m ghH$m`m©Zo åhUOoM g§ñWmMmbH$, {dÚmnrR>, àmMm`©, àmÜ`mnH$ Am{U
J«§Wnmb `m§Zr `oUmè`m AS>MUrVyZ _mJ© H$mTy>Z gH$mamË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ R>odë`mg _m{hVr
gmjaVm H$m`©H«$_ `mo½` [aË`m am~{dUo e` hmoB©b.
ooo
g§^mì` AS>MUr
(1) N>moQ>çm _hm{dÚmb`mV ho e` Amho. _moR>çm _hm{dÚmb`m§_Ü`o OoWo
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bm`~«ar Am°\$ _wpìh¨J B_oOg
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{MÌ\$sV J«§Wmb`mMm gdªH$f n[aM` gXa boIm_Ü`o H$ê$Z
{Xbobm Amho. `m_Ü`o J«§Wmb`mVrb {MÌ{\$VtMo àH$ma,
CnmO©ZmMo _mJ©, XmIb Zm|XrH$aU, {MÌ{\$Vr§darb gmonñH$ma
XodKod godm, g§JUH$sH$aU, BË`mXr KQ>H$m§Mr g{dñVa _m{hVr
{Xbobr Amho.
{MÌnQ>J¥hm§_Ü`o bmoH$m§À`m à~moYZmgmR>r XmI{dë`m OmV AgV. `m {MÌ{\$Vr
nmhÊ`mgmR>r bmoH$m§Mm Mm§JbmM à{VgmX {_iV Ago. ^maVmÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va
{dH$gZerb amï´>{Z{_©VrÀ`m H$m`m©Mm VgoM doJdoJiçm amOH$s`, gm_m{OH$ d e¡j{UH$
KS>m_moS>tMm àgma Am{U àMma MbV²{MÌm§À`m _mÜ`_mÛmao ^maVr` OZVonwT>o à^mdr
nÕVrZo H$aVm `oD$ eHo$b ho VËH$mbrZ n§VàYmZ n§{S>V Odmhabmb Zohê$ `m§Zr OmUbo
Am{U Ë`m_wioM E{àb 1948 _Ü`o {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmMr {Z{_©Vr ^maV gaH$maÛmao
H$aÊ`mV Ambr. {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmZo Zì`mZo V`ma Ho$boë`m VgoM Am`E\$Am` d
Am`EZnr `m g§ñWm§H$Sy>Z ^maV gaH$maZo g§nyU© A{YH$mam§g{hV KoVboë`m H$mhr OwÝ`m
Xw_ui bKwnQ>m§Mo ì`dpñWV OVZ d g§ajU H$ê$Z R>odUo Amdí`H$ Agë`mZo {MÌ\$sV
J«§Wmb`mMr {Z{_©Vr Ho$br Jobr.
{MÌ\$sV J«W
§ mb`mbm nwam{^boImMo _hÎd
^maVmÀ`m ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV g_mMma {MÌm§À`m ñdê$nmV doJdoJiçm VmÁ`m
KQ>Zm d {d{dY {df`m§da AmYm[aV bKwnQ> ~Z{dbo OmV AgV. `m H$m_m_Ü`o H$mhr
^maVr` VgoM {dXoer {X½Xe©H$, {Z_m©Vo g{H«$` hmoVo. Ë`mM~amo~a Am`.E\$.Am`.
(BÝ\$m°a_oeZ {\$ë_ Am°\$ B§{S>`m) d Am`.EZ.nr. (B§{S>`Z Ý`yO naoS>) `m XmoZ g§ñWmhr
bKwnQ>{Z{_©Vr Am{U {dVaUmÀ`m joÌmV H$m`©aV hmoË`m. `m {MÌ{\$Vr doJdoJiçm
^maVmbm ñdmV§Í` {_imë`mZ§Va gwédmVrbm {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmZo ^maVr` g_mMma
{MÌ (B§{S>`Z Ý`yO [aìøy) ~Zdm`bm gwédmV Ho$br. `m_Ü`o Xoe{dXoemVrb {d{dY
joÌm§V KS>Umè`m VmÁ`m KS>m_moS>tMo Amnë`mbm Xe©Z hmoVo. `m g_mMma {MÌm§À`m
_yi (Amo[a{OZb) "{nMa {ZJo{Q>ìh'nmgyZ Vo "\$m`Zb {à§Q>'n`ªV gd© gm{hË` `m
J«§Wmb`mV OVZ Ho$bobo Amho. ho gm{hË` H$moUVo Vo AmnU nwT>o nmhUma AmhmoV.
^maVmÀ`m ñdmV§Í`nyd© VgoM ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimVrb _hÎdmÀ`m KS>m_moS>r§Mm B{Vhmg
ÑH$lmì` _mÜ`_mÀ`m ñdê$nmV d Vmohr {MÌ\$sV ñdê$nmV OVZ H$ê$Z R>odÊ`m_Ü`o `m
J«§Wmb`mMo _hÎdmMo `moJXmZ Amho. Am{e`m I§S>mVrb gdmªV _moR>o {MÌ\$sV J«§Wmb`
åhUyZ `m J«§Wmb`mH$S>o AmO OJ^amVyZ nm{hbo OmVo. Xwgè`m OmJ{VH$ _hm`wÕmMo
{Od§V {MÌrH$aU, n§{S>V Odmhabmb Zohê§$Mr ^mfUo, Ë`m§Mo Xm¡ao, _hmË_m Jm§YtMr
ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVrb Am§XmobZo, ZoVmOr gw^mfM§Ð ~mog, ñdmV§Í`dra gmdaH$a,
bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$, gaXma nQ>ob, BË`mXr AZoH$ _mÝ`da ñdmV§Í`goZmZtÀ`m
{MÌrH$aUm~amo~a, ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimVrb gd© n§VàYmZ, amï´>nVr, Ë`m§Mo enW{dYr,
Ë`m§Mo naXoe Xm¡ao, BVa Xoem§er Pmbobo H$ama, amHo$e e_m© `m§Mr A§Vamidmar, eoVrMr
AmYw{ZH$ V§Ìo, H$ma{Jb `wÕ, CX²ÜdñV ~m~ar _ñOrX, 1993À`m ~m°å~ñ\$moQ>mVrb
KQZm, _Xa Voaogm Am{U BVa e¡j{UH$, gm_m{OH$ {df`m§da ~Z{dbobo bKwnQ>,
A°{Z_oeZnQ>, H$mhr _m{hVrnQ>, BË`mXr {d{dY àH$maMo {MÌrH$aU {MÌ{\$VtÀ`m
_mÜ`_mÛmao {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmZo Ho$bobo Amho d AOyZhr H$arV Amho. ^maVmVrb {d{dY
KQ>Zm§Mm, MiditMm d KS>m_moS>tMm B{Vhmg MbV²{MÌ ñdê$nmV OVZ H$ê$Z
R>odÊ`mMm ~hþ_mZ `m J«§Wmb`mH$S>o OmVmo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
16
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
17
{MÌ\$sV {d^mJ
_w§~B©_Yrb noS>a amoS> `m gwà{gÕ {d^mJmVrb AË`§V {dñVrU© Aem OmJo_Ü`o
^maV gaH$maÀ`m gyMZm Am{U àgmaU _§Ìmb`mÀ`m A{YnË`mImbr C^mabr Jobb
o r,
bKwnQ> VgoM _m{hVrnQ>m§À`m {Z{_©{VjoÌmV H$m_ H$aUmar ^maVmVrb hr n{hbrM
emgH$s` g§ñWm Am{U Ë`mM n[agamVrb B_maVr_Ü`o Vã~b Mma _Obo ì`mnyZ Agbobo
g§nyU© dmVmZwHy${bV ^ì` Ago {MÌ\$sV J«§Wmb` Jobr 57 df©o H$m`©aV Amho.
{MÌ\$sV {d^mJmMr {Z{_©Vr
J«W
§ mb`mMo g^mgX
BVa J«§Wmb`m§à_mUo `m J«§Wmb`mMo H$moUrhr g^mgX ZgVmV VgoM H$moUmbmhr
H$m`_Mo g^mgXËd {Xbo OmV Zmhr. da CoI Ho$boë`m _hÎdmÀ`m {MÌ{\$Vr `m
J«§Wmb`m§_Ü`o OVZ Ho$boë`m Agë`m_wio `m {MÌ{\$VtMm Cn`moJ Imbrb g§ñWm,
ì`VtÛmao Ho$bm OmVmo.
(1) {MÌnQ> joÌmer g§~§{YV Agboë`m ì`Vr / g§ñWm,
(2) {d{dY g_mOgodr g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm,
(3) emim, _hm{dÚmb`o,
(4) Xoer-{dXoer {MÌnQ> _hmoËgd,
(5) {MÌ\$sV à^mJmMo H$_©Mmar (g§nmXH$, S>m`aoQ>a, à`moJemim n`©dj
o H$, BË`mXr)
(6) doJdoJiçm amÁ`m§Vrb emgH$s` g§ñWm, _§Ìmb`o
{d{dY g_mOgodr g§ñWm / g§KQ>Zm, emim / _hm{dÚmb`m§Zm nydu `m g§ñWm§À`m
_mJUrZwgma Ë`m Ë`m {R>H$mUr XmI{dÊ`mgmR>r (ì`mnmarH$aUmì`{V[aV) _mo\$V XodKod
Ho$br OmV Ago. na§Vw Ë`m {MÌ{\$Vr H$mhr doim ì`dpñWV naV `oV Zgë`m_wio _mo\$V
XodKod ~§X Ho$br Jobr d AmVm Aem {MÌ{\$Vr H$moUmbm XmIdm`À`m AgVrb Va
Ë`m§Zm S>rìhrS>r, ìhrEMEg qH$dm ìhrgrS>r ñdê$nmV A§eV: qH$_V AmH$mê$Z
_mJUrZwgma {Xë`m OmVmV. Aem àH$mao `m {MÌ{\$VtMr {dH«$s ìhrEMEg / S>rìhrS>r /
ìhrgrS>r / {~Q>m / S>rOr{~Q>m ñdê$nmV H$aÊ`mgmR>r {MÌ\$sV {d^mJm_Ü`o EH$
doJim {dH«$s{d^mJ Amho. hm {d^mJ J«W§ mb`mÀ`m AIË`marV ZgyZ àemgH$s` `§ÌUoMm
^mJ åhUyZ ñdV§ÌnUo H$m`©aV Amho. {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmÀ`m `m doJdoJiçm {MÌ{\$VtMr
_mJUr ìhrEMEg/ìhrgrS>r/ S>rìhrS>r/ {~Q>m/ S>rOr{~Q>m `m ñdê$nmV ^maVmVrb
VgoM {dXoemVrb doJdoJiçm g§ñWm, g§KQ>Zm, emim, _hm{dÚmb`o `m§À`mH$Sy>Z Ho$br
OmVo. Ë`mM~amo~a emgZmMo {d{dY {d^mJ, H|$ÐemgZmMr {d{dY _§Ìmb`o VgoM
doJdoJiçm amÁ`gaH$mam§H$Sy>Z doJdoJiçm ^mfm§_Ü`o doJdoJiçm {df`m§À`m {MÌ{\$VtMr
_mJUr _moR>çm à_mUmda Ho$br OmVo. {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmMm {dH«$s {d^mJ ho H$m_ J«§Wmb`
d à`moJemim `m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo H$arV AgVmo.
J«W
§ mb`m_Ü`o CnbãY Agbobo {MÌ{\$VtMo gm{hË`àH$ma
(1) {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìh
(2) _mñQ>a nm°{P{Q>ìh / B§Q>a nm°{P{Q>ìh
{nMa {ZJo{Q>ìhda Oa {MÌrH$aU H¥$îUYdb Agob Va Ë`m {nMa
{ZJo{Q>ìhdê$Z _mñQ>a nm°{P{Q>ìh ~Z{dbr OmVo d {MÌrH$aU a§JrV Agob Va Ë`mMr
B§Q>a nm°{P{Q>ìh ~Z{dbr OmVo. `m [aim§da gmC§S> Q´>°H$ ZgVmo.
(3) B§Q>a {ZJo{Q>ìh d S>çwn {ZJo{Q>ìh
B§Q>a nm°{P{Q>ìh qH$dm _mñQ>a nm°{P{Q>ìhdê$Z daModa dmnaÊ`mgmR>r AZwH«$_o
B§Q>a {ZJo{Q>ìh (H$ba {nMa) d S>çwn {ZJo{Q>ìh (H¥$îUYdb) ~Z{dbr OmVo. `mVrb
H$mhr {ZJo{Q>ìhda gmC§S> Q´>°H$ AgVmo Va H$mhr {ZJo{Q>ìh ÜdZr{edm` AgVmV.
(4) B§Q>aZ°eZb Q´>°H$ (n«rS>~ Q´>°H$)
`m_Ü`o \$V _yi g§dmX, g§JrV d B\o$Q>²g _w{ÐV Ho$bobo AgVmV. na§Vw {ZdoXZ
ZgVo, VgoM {MÌhr ZgVo.
(5) qn«Q>
16 E_E_/35E_E_ - Oo MbV²{MÌ AmnU àmoOoQ>aÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo nS>Úmda
nmhVmo Ë`mbm qàQ> åhQ>bo OmVo. `m_Ü`o nwT>rb àH$ma AgVmV
(A) AmÝga qàQ>
EImXr {MÌ\$sV nyU© Pmë`mda gwédmVrbmM Or qàQ> H$mT>br OmVo, {Vbm
AmÝgaqàQ> Ago åhUVmV. {d{eï> bKwnQ>m_Ü`o H$mhr Vm§{ÌH$ C{Udm am{hë`m AgVrb
(CXm. g§nmXZ H$aVmZm _hÎdmMo X¥í` H$mnbo Jobo Agob, ÜdZrÀ`m H§$nZm_Ü`o H$mhr
ÌwQ>r AgVrb, àH$me`moOZo_Ü`o H$mhr Xmof AgVrb) Va Vo gd© Xmof AmÝga qàQ>
nm{hë`mZ§Va H$iVmV d nwÝhm ho gd© Xmof gwYmê$Z ZdrZ qàQ> ~Z{dbr OmVo.
(~) g°À`waSo >Qo > qàQ>
ho gm{hË` {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìhdê$Z ~Z{dbo OmVo. ho qàQ >~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmam
H$m _mb BVa qàQ>À`m _mZmZo C àVrMm AgVmo. `m [aim§da MbV²{MÌm§gmo~V
ÜdZrhr AgVmo. hr qàQ>XoIrb AmnU àmoOoQ>aÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo nS>Úmda nmhÿ eH$Vmo.
na§Vw hr {\$ë_ ~Z{dUo IMr©H$ Agë`m_wio d{MVM H$moUmbm nmhmd`mg {Xbr OmVo.
H$moUË`m {MÌ{\$VtMo g°À`waoQ>oS> qàQ> ~Zdmdo ho {Z_m©Ë`m§da Adb§~yZ AgVo.
ho gm{hË` àË`j eyqQ>JÀ`m doir H°$_oè`m_Ü`o dmnabobo AgVo. hr [aio e`Vmo
H$moUmbm {Xbr OmV ZmhrV.
(H$) _°arS> {à§Q>
gd© Xmof gwYmaë`mZ§Va Or ZdrZ qàQ> ~Z{dbr OmVo {Vbm _°arS> qàQ> åhQ>bo
OmVo. `m VrZ àH$maÀ`m qàQ> J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o OVZ Ho$ë`m OmVmV.
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
18
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
19
(6) \$m`Zb gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìh
{d{eï> {MÌ{\$VrMo g§JrV, _yi g§dmX VgoM {ZdoXZ `m§Mm EH${ÌV AmdmO
({MÌm{edm` gmC§S> Q´>°H$) `mda Amnë`mbm nmhmd`mg VgoM EoH$md`mg {_iVmo.
{MÌ\$sV {d^mJmV\©o$ àË`oH$ {MÌ\$sV 14 ^mfm§_Ü`o àH$m{eV Ho$br OmVo. Ë`m_wioM
EH$m {MÌ\$sVrMr 14 ^mfm§Vrb doJdoJir [aio J«§Wmb`mV OVZ Ho$br OmVmV. ho
bKwnQ> H$_rVH$_r 1 ari Vo OmñVrV OmñV 15 [aim§Mohr Agy eH$VmV. Ë`mZwgma
14 ^mfm§Mo gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìh OVZ H$amdo bmJVmV. AWm©V ho gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìh H$mbnaËdo
J«§Wmb`m_YyZ ~mX Ho$bo OmVmV Am{U Ho$di qhXr d B§J«Or gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìh OVZ Ho$bo
OmVmV.
`mdê$ Amnë`m Ago bjmV `oB©b, H$s Oa EH$ bKwnQ> 2 [aim§Mm Agob Va Ë`m
EH$m bKwnQ>mgmR>r Imbrbà_mUo [aio ~Z{dbr OmVmV.
2 X 14 (^mfm§Mo gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìh) = 28 [aio +
2 X 7 (VrZhr àH$maÀ`m qàQ>g{hV) = 14 [aio
åhUOoM 2 [aim§À`m EH$m bKwnQ>mgmR>r 28 + 14 = 42 [aio ~Z{dbr
OmVmV d Vr OVZ Ho$br OmVmV.
J«W
§ mb`m_Ü`o {MÌ{\$Vr CnmO©ZmMo _mJ©
(1) {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmZo ñdV: ~Z{dboë`m {MÌ{\$Vr,
(2) XoUJrñdê$nmV {_i{dboë`m {MÌ{\$Vr,
(3) ~mhoaÀ`m {X½Xe©H$m§H$Sy>Z ~ZdyZ KoVboë`m na§Vw {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmMr {Z{_©Vr
Agboë`m {MÌ{\$Vr,
(4) ~mhoarb {Z_m©Vm/{X½Xe©H$m§Zr ñdIMm©Zo ~Z{dboë`m na§Vw Z§Va {MÌnQ> {d^mJmZo
g§nyU© h¸$mg{hV {dH$V KoVboë`m {MÌ{\$Vr.
(1) {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmZo ñdV: ~Z{dboë`m {MÌ{\$Vr
{MÌ\$sV {d^mJm_Ü`o {MÌ\$sV V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmam {Z`{_V H$_©Mmar
dJ© CXm. {X½Xe©H$, H°$_oam_Z, Üd{Z_wÐH$, g§nmXH$, g§JrVH$ma, MbV²{MÌ àXe©H$,
BbopQ´>{e`Z, ñQw>{S>Amo ~m°B©O, à`moJemim ghm`H$, BË`mXr VgoM {MÌ\$sV
~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmar `§Ìgm_J«r ñdV:Mr Agë`m_wio `m {d^mJmÛmao {MÌ{\$VtMr
{Z{_©Vr Ho$br OmVo d Ë`m {MÌ{\$Vr§Mo gd© gm{hË`àH$ma à`moJemio_m\©$V J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o
nmR>{dbo OmVmV.
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
20
(2) XoUJrñdê$nmV {_i{dboë`m {MÌ{\$Vr
~mhoarb {MÌnQ> {Z_m©Vm qH$dm {X½Xe©H$m§Zr ñdIMm©Zo V`ma Ho$boë`m {MÌ{\$VtMo
XoUJr ñdê$nmV {_imbobo gm{hË` J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o OVZ Ho$bo OmVo.
(3) ~mhoarb {X½Xe©H$m§H$Sy>Z ~ZdyZ KoVboë`m na§Vw {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmMr {Z{_©Vr
Agboë`m {MÌ{\$Vr
{Z`{_V V§Ìk doJdoJiçm {MÌ{\$Vr ~Z{dÊ`m_Ü`o ì`ñV Agë`m_wio H$mhr
doim {MÌ\$sV {d^mJm_m\©$V ~mhoarb AZw^dr {X½Xe©H$m§H$Sy>Z {MÌ\$sV ~ZdyZ KoVbr
OmVo. {X½Xe©ZmMm Aä`mgH«$_ g§ndyZ ZwH$VoM ~mhoa nS>boë`m {dÚmÏ`mªH$Sy>Z bKwnQ>
Mm§Jë`m àH$mao Pmë`mMo AmT>ië`mg `m bKwnQ>mMo gd© gm{hË` OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r
à`moJemio_m\©$V J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o nmR>{dbo OmVo.
(4) ~mhoarb {Z_m©Vm / {X½Xe©H$m§Zr ñdIMm©Zo ~Z{dboë`m na§Vw Z§Va {MÌnQ>
{d^mJmZo g§nU
y © h¸$m§g{hV {dH$V KoVboë`m {MÌ{\$Vr
{MÌnQ>joÌmer g§~§{YV H$moUrhr {Z_m©Vm qH$dm {X½Xe©H$mZo EImÚm _hÎdnyU©
{df`mda ñdIMm©Zo {MÌ\$sV ~Z{dbr Agob Am{U Vmo {df` Oa CËH¥$ï> Agob Va
Aem {MÌ{\$Vr Ë`m {Z_m©Ë`m/{X½Xe©H$mH$Sy>Z {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmV\©o$ g§nyU© h¸$m§g{hV
{dH$V KoVë`m OmVmV d Z§Va Ë`mMo gd© gm{hË` à`moJemio_Ü`o ~ZdyZ Vo J«W§ mb`m_Ü`o
nmR>{dbo OmVo.
CËnmXZ g{_Vr
H$moUË`m ZdrZ {MÌ{\$Vr V`ma H$amì`mV, H$moUVo {df` {ZdS>mdoV, H$moUË`m
~mhoarb {X½Xe©H$mH$Sy>Z H$moUË`m {MÌ{\$Vr ~ZdyZ ¿`mì`mV, ~mhoarb {X½Xe©H$m§Zr
gmXa Ho$boë`m g§{hVm§n¡H$s H$moUË`m g§{hVm§Zm {MÌ\$sV ~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r _mÝ`Vm Úmdr,
g§{hVm _mÝ`VoZ§Va Ë`m {df`mdarb Or {MÌ\$sV ~Z{dbr OmVo Vr `mo½` Amho H$s
A`mo½` ho R>a{dUo VgoM ~mhoarb {Z_m©Vm-{X½Xe©H$m§Zr ~Z{dboë`m {MÌ{\$Vtn¡H$s
g§nUy © A{YH$mam§g{hV H$moUVr {MÌ\$sV {dH$V ¿`mdr, BË`mXr _hÎdmMo {ZU©` KoÊ`mgmR>r
{MÌ\$sV {d^mJmMo _w»` {Z_m©Vo `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr EH$ CËnmXZ g{_Vr AgVo. hr
g{_Vr darb {ZU©` KoV.o
Ë`mM~amo ~ a Á`m H$mhr ZdrZ {MÌ{\$VtMr {Z{_© V r Ho $ br Jo b r Ë`m
{MÌ{\$Vr§n¡H$s :
(1) H$moUË`m (Release Material) {MÌ{\$Vr g§nyU© ^maV^a àgmaU H$aÊ`mgmR>r
gd© {WEQ>a_Ü`o nmR>dmì`mV;
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
21
(2) (Counter Material) : H$moUË`m {MÌ{\$Vr `oË`m ^{dî`H$mimV H$Yrhr
àgm[aV H$aVm `oVrb; VgoM
(3) (Non Theotrical Release Material) : H$moUË`m {MÌ{\$Vr àgm[aV
H$aVm `oUma ZmhrV; na§Vw Ë`m§Vrb {df` d Eo{Vhm{gH$ _hÎd bjmV KoD$Z Ë`m
{MÌ{\$VrMo OVZ Am{U g§ajU H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho `m _hÎdmÀ`m Jmoï>rda
{ZU©` KoÊ`mMo H$m_ hr g{_Vr H$aVo.
{MÌ\$sV {Z{_©VrZ§Va J«W
§ mb`mV Amboë`m gm{hË`mMr d¡{eîQ>ço
àgmaUmgmR>r ~Z{dboë`m {MÌ{\$Vr§Mo gm{hË` (Release Material)
EImXr {MÌ\$sV ^maV^a àgmaUmgmR>r g{_VrZo gwM{dbr Agob Va Vr {MÌ{\$V
OmñVrV OmñV XmoZ [aim§Mr AgVo. na§Vw `m {MÌ{\$VrMo da CoI Ho$bobo ghm gm{hË`
àH$ma (14 ^mfm§À`m gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìhg{hV) à`moJemioVyZ J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o `oVmV.
^{dî`H$mim_Ü`o H$Yrhr àgmaU H$aVm `oVrb Aem {MÌ{\$Vr§Mo gm{hË`
(Counter Material)
H$mhr {MÌ{\$Vr nyU© Pmboë`m AgVmV; na§Vw BVa {MÌ{\$VtÀ`m VwbZoZo H$_r
_hÎdmÀ`m Agë`m_wio `oË`m ^{dî`H$mimV Ë`m {MÌ{\$VtMo àgmaU H$aVm `oD$ eHo$b
Ago g{_VrZo gwM{dbobo Agë`m_wio `m {MÌ{\$VrMo (1) Picture negative, (2)
Inter positive / Master positive, (3) Inter negative / Dupe negative,
(4) Final sound negative (\$V B§J«Or d qhXr) d (5) Print, BË`mXr gm{hË`-
àH$ma J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o `oVmV.
H$Yrhr àgm[aV H$aVm `oUma ZmhrV Aem {MÌ{\$VtMo gm{hË` (Non Theatrical
Release Material)
`m {MÌ{\$Vr 1 [aimnmgyZ Vo OmñVrV OmñV 14 [aim§n`ªV _moR>çm Agy eH$VmV.
`m {MÌ{\$VtMohr H$mC§Q>a _Q>o[a`bà_mUoM gm{hË`àH$ma J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o `oVmV. `m
{MÌ{\$Vt_Ü`o ~hþVm§e {MÌ{\$Vr `m M[aÌmË_H$ AmhoV Va H$mhr doJdoJiçm {df`m§da
g{dñVa _m{hVr XoUmè`m AmhoV. `m {MÌ{\$Vt_YyZhr H$mhr {MÌ{\$VtMo àgmaU
d{MV Ho$bo OmVo. na§Vw M[aÌmË_H$ {MÌ{\$Vr Á`m§Mr [aio 2 nojm OmñV AgVmV
Aem {MÌ{\$VtMo g§H$bZ H$ê$Z 2 [aim§Mr {MÌ\$sV V`ma Ho$br OmVo d Ë`m {MÌ{\$VrMo
àgmaU Ho$bo OmVo. Ë`m_wio `m Zì`mZo àgmaUmgmR>r ~Z{dboë`m XmoZ [aim§À`m
{MÌ{\$VtMohr gd© gm{hË`àH$ma (14 ^mfm§À`m gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìhg{hV) J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
22
`oVmV d ho gm{hË`àH$ma àgmaUmgmR>r Agboë`m gm{hË`àH$mam§À`m g§J«hm_Ü`o R>odbo
OmVmV.
^m{fH$ {d^mJm§À`m {MÌ{\$Vr (Regional Films)
{MÌ\$sV {d^mJmÀ`m ^maVm_Ü`o 10 emIm AgyZ `m emIm§_YyZhr Ë`m Ë`m
amÁ`m§À`m ñWm{ZH$ ^mfm§_Ü`o doJdoJiçm {df`m§da AmYm[aV {MÌ{\$Vr ~Z{dë`m
OmVmV d H$mhr {MÌ{\$VtMo doJdoJioo gm{hË`àH$ma J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o OVZ Ho$bo OmVmV.
JǤWmb`mMo {d{dY {d^mJ
da CoI Ho$bobo gd© gm{hË` J«§Wmb`mVrb doJdoJiçm {d^mJm§_Ü`o nmR>{dbo
OmVo. ho {d^mJ d Ë`m {d^mJmV OVZ Ho$bo OmUmao gm{hË`àH$ma nwT>rbà_mUo àgmaU {d^mJ (Release Section)
`m {d^mJm_Ü`o àgmaUmgmR>r V`ma Ho$boë`m {MÌ{\$VtMo Picture Negative, Inter positive/Master positive, Inter negative / Dupe negative
Am{U Mm¡Xm ^mfm§_Yrb final sound negative ho gm{hË`àH$ma OVZ Ho$bo OmVmV.
(2) àgmaU Z H$aVm gm{hË` OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Agbobm {d^mJ (Non
Theatrical Release Section)
`m {d^mJm_Ü`o àgmaU Z H$aÊ`mgmR> r Agbo ë `m {MÌ{\$VtMo
darbà_mUoM gm{hË`àH$ma OVZ Ho$bo OmVmV.
(3) H$mC§Q>a _Q>[o a`b {d^mJ
Á`m {MÌ{\$Vr ^{dî`H$mim_Ü`o àgmaU H$aÊ`mgmR>r R>odboë`m AgVmV Ë`m
{MÌ{\$VtMo darb gd© gm{hË` `m {d^mJm_Ü`o OVZ Ho$bo OmVo. Ë`m doir `m g§J«hmVrb
EImÚm {MÌ{\$VrMo àgmaU H$aÊ`mMo R>a{dbo Joë`mg ho gd© gm{hË` à`moJemioV
nmR>{dbo OmVo d àgmaUmÀ`m VmaIonydu gd© 14 gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìhg{hV J«§Wmb`mÀ`m
àgmaU {d^mJm_Ü`o OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`moJemio_YyZ J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o naV `oVo.
(4) g_mMma {MÌ {d^mJ
`m {d^mJm_Ü`o gd© g_mMma {MÌm§Mo darbà_mUo gm{hË`àH$ma OVZ Ho$bo
OmVmV.
(5) B§Q>aZ°eZb Q´>H° $ {d^mJ
`m {d^mJm_Ü`o {MÌnQ> {d^mJmÀ`m gd© {MÌ{\$Vr§Mo B§Q>aZ°eZb Q´>°H$ OVZ
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
23
Ho$bo OmVmV. {d{eï> {MÌ{\$Vr_Yrb g§JrV Oa ZdrZ {MÌ{\$Vrbm Cn`moJr Agob
Va ho g§JrV ZdrZ {MÌ{\$Vr_Ü`o Q´>mÝg\$a Ho$bo OmVo.
(6) _mñQ>a / B§Q>a nm°{P{Q>ìh / g°À`waQo >So > qàQ> {d^mJ
`m {d^mJm_Ü`o gd© {MÌ{\$VtMo (Release Am{U Non Theatrical
Release) _mñQ>a, B§Q>a nm°{P{Q>ìh d g°À`waoS>oQ> qàQ> OVZ Ho$bo OmVo.
(7) qàQ> {d^mJ
`m {d^mJm_Ü`o gd© {MÌ{\$VtÀ`m (Release Am{U Non Theatrical
Release) qàQ> OVZ Ho$ë`m OmVmV. `m qàQ> {d^mJm_Ü`o AOyZ 4 Cn{d^mJ AmhoV
Vo nwT>rbà_mUo (A) AmÝga qàQ> {d^mJ : {MÌ\$sV {d^mJm_Ü`o ~ZUmè`m àË`oH$ {MÌ{\$VrMo
AmÝga qàQ> ~Z{dbo OmVo. `m qàQ>Mm dmna g§nmXH$s` H$m_mgmR>r Ho$bm
OmVmo.
(~) \$m`Zb qàQ> {d^mJ : \$m`Zb qàQ> gd© {MÌ{\$VtMo ~Z{dbo OmVo.
`mMm Cn`moJ Ñí`godogmR>r, Ñí`m§Vao dm {X½Xe©H$, g§nmXH$ `m§Zm
nmhÊ`mgmR>r VgoM à`moJemio_Ü`o H$mhr gm{hË`mMr {ZJo{Q>ìh V`ma
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ho$bm OmVmo.
(H$) \o$pñQ>db qàQ> {d^mJ : Xoer VgoM {dXoer {MÌnQ> _hmoËgdm_Ü`o
nmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r ZdrZ qàQ> nmR>dmdr bmJVo. Ë`m_wio Á`m {MÌ{\$Vr
nmR>dm`À`m AgVrb Ë`m {MÌ{\$VtÀ`m \o$pñQ>db qàQ> V`ma Ho$ë`m
OmVmV d J«§Wmb`m_m\©$V {d{eï> _hmoËgdmgmR>r nmR>{dë`m OmVmV.
(S>) 16 {_._r. qàQ> {d^mJ : gwédmVrbm {MÌnQ> {d^mJmZo {Z{_©Vr Ho$boë`m
gd© {MÌ{\$VtÀ`m 35 {_._r. VgoM 16 {_. _r. _Ü`o qàQ> V`ma Ho$ë`m
OmV AgV. na§Vw H$mbm§VamZo gd©M {MÌ{\$VtÀ`m qàQ> 16 {_. _r. _Ü`o
~Z{dUo ~§X H$aÊ`mV Ambo. na§Vw H$mhr {MÌ{\$Vr _yi ñdê$nmV 16
{_. _r. _Ü`o {M{ÌV Ho$ë`m OmVmV. Aem {MÌ{\$VtÀ`m qàQ> 16 {_.
_r. _Ü`oM ~Z{dë`m OmVmV d Ë`m OVZ Ho$ë`m OmVmV.
(8) àemg {d^mJ
J«§Wnmb hm àemgZ {d^mJmMm _w»` A{YH$mar AgVmo. `m J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o
nwT>rbà_mUo H$_©MmardJ© gÜ`m H$m`©aV Amho. 1 J«§Wnmb, 3 J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVr
ghm`H$, 3 ghm`H$ g§nmXH$, 1 d[að> {b{nH$, 1 H${Zð> {b{nH$, 1 {MÌ\$sV
VnmgUrg, 1 {enmB©, 2 ñQw>{S>Amo ~m°B©O d 1 _OXya. {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmVrb àemgH$s`
{d^mJmer g_Ýd` gmYÊ`mMo H$m_ J«§Wnmb H$aVmo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
24
XmIb Zm|X
darb n{hë`m gmV {d^mJm§_Ü`o `m {MÌ{\$VtMo doJdoJio gm{hË` Amë`mZ§Va
àË`oH$ gm{hË`mMr Zm§oX H$aÊ`mgmR>r àË`oH$ {d^mJm_Ü`o EH$ XmIb Zm|Xdhr R>odbobr
AgVo d Ë`m dhr_Ü`o `m doJdoJiçm gm{hË`àH$mam§À`m Zm|Xr Ho$ë`m OmVmV. `m XmIb
Zm|Xdøm d Ë`m_Ü`o Ho$ë`m OmUmè`m Zm§oXr nwT>rbà_mUo-
(1) àgmaU gm{hË`mMr XmIb Zm|Xdhr
`m dhr_Ü`o {d{eï> {MÌ{\$VrÀ`m (A) Amo[a{OZb {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìh, (~) gd©
gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìh (14 ^mfm§Mo), (H$) B§Q>a {ZJo{Q>ìh/S>çwn {ZJo{Q>ìh, BË`mXtMr Zm|X
Ho$br OmVo. na§Vw Amo[a{OZb {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìhbm Omo XmIb A§H$ {Xbm OmVmo VmoM
XmIb A§H$ B§Q>a {ZJo{Q>ìh, S>çwn {ZJo{Q>ìh, gd© gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìhbm {Xbm OmVmo.
H$mbm§VamZo B§J«Or d qhXr gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìhÀ`m ì`{V[aV BVa ^mfm§_Yrb gmC§S>
{ZJo{Q>ìh g§J«hm_YyZ ~mX Ho$ë`m OmVmV.
(2) àgmaU Z H$aVm Ho$di OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Agboë`m gm{hË`mMr
XmIb Zm|Xdhr
`m dhr_Ü`o àgmaU Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r na§Vw _hÎdmÀ`m Agboë`m {MÌ{\$VtMr
XmIb Zm|X Ho$br OmVo. ho gm{hË` àgmaUgm{hË`mà_mUoM AgVo. gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìh
_mÌ qhXr d B§J«Or `m ^mfm§À`mM AgVmV. H$mhr AndmXmË_H$ OwÝ`m {MÌ{\$VtMo
BVa ^mfm§_Yrb gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìhhr ~Z{dbo Jobo AmhoV.
(3) H$mC§Q>a _Q>[o a`bMr XmIb Zm|Xdhr
H$mC§Q>da Agboë`m gm{hË`mMr Zm|X `m dhr_Ü`o Ho$br OmVo. ho gm{hË` {d{eï>
H$mbmdYrZ§Va àgmaU {d^mJmV OmUma Agë`m_wio `m gm{hË`mbm H«$_m§H$ {Xbo OmV
ZmhrV Va \$V {MÌ{\$VrMo Zmd, [aio Am{U H$moUH$moUVo gm{hË` Amho `mMrM
_m{hVr {b{hbr OmVo.
(4) g_mMma {MÌ XmIb Zm|Xdhr
g_mMma {MÌ {d^mJm_Ü`o g_mMma n{ÌH$m§À`m Amo[a{OZb {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìh,
gd© gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìh VgoM B§Q>a {ZJo{Q>ìh / S>çwn {ZJo{Q>ìhMr XmIb Zm|X Ho$br OmVo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
25
(5) àrS>~ gmC§S> Q´>H° $ - B§Q>aZ°eZb Q>>´H° $ XmIb Zm|Xdhr
g_mMma {MÌ {d^mJm_Ü`oM ho gm{hË` R>odbobo Agë`m_wio Ë`m {d^mJm_Ü`o
àrS>~ gmC§S> Q´>°H$ `mgmR>rhr doJir XmIb Zm|Xdhr Ho$br OmVo.
Aem àH$mao doJdoJiçm gm{hË`mgmR>r doJdoJiçm {d^mJm§_Ü`o XmIb Zm|Xdøm
Amnë`mbm nmhmd`mg {_iVmV. `m XmIb Zm|Xdøm§darb _m{hVr OwÝ`mM nÕVrZo
nwT>o Mmby R>odbobr Agë`m_wio Amnë`mbm XmIb Zm|Xrdarb aH$mZo nwT>rbà_mUo
nmhmd`mg {_iVmV
(1) XmIb A§H$, (2) XmIb {XZm§H$, (3) {MÌ{\$VrMo Zmd,
(4) [aio, (5) a§JrV/H¥$îUYdb, (6) gm{hË`àH$ma, (7) 35 {__r/16 {__r,
(8) {MÌ\$sV Iam~ Pmë`mMr VmarI, (9) gm{hË` nwÝhm Zì`mZo ~Z{dë`mMr VmarI,
(10) {MÌ\$sV g§J«hm_YyZ ~mX Ho$ë`mMr VmarI, (11) {MÌ{\$VrMr bm§~r
(_rQ>a_Ü`o), (12) eoam.
ghm`H$ `oD$Z Vo gm{hË` VnmgVmV. gm{hË` Iam~ Agë`mMm Ahdmb à`moJemim
n`©dojH$mÀ`m ghr{Zer J«§Wmb`mV `oVmo. Ë`mZ§VaM Vo gm{hË` ~mhoa JmoXm_m_Ü`o Zï>
H$aÊ`mgmR>r nmR>{dbo OmVo. hr Zm|X Z§Va døm§da Ho$br OmVo. VgoM à`moJemim
n`©dj
o H$m§Mm Ahdmb \$mB©b Ho$bm OmVmo. J«W§ mb`mVrb àË`oH$ {d^mJmÀ`m gm{hË`mgmR>r
doJdoJiçm Zm|Xdøm R>odë`m OmVmV.
{MÌ{\$Vtdarb BVa CnñH$ma
doJdoJiçm gm{hË`mÀ`m doJdoJiçm XmIbZm|Xr Pmë`mZ§Va `m {MÌ{\$Vr
R>odÊ`mgmR>r doJdoJiçm a§Jm§Mo ßbmpñQ>H$Mo S>~o dmnabo OmVmV. Ë`m S>ã`m§_Ü`o
R>odmd`mMo gm{hË` d S>ã`m§Mo a§J Imbrbà_mUo -
g§J«hmVrb H$moUË`mhr àH$maMo gm{hË` Iam~ Pmë`mMo AmT>ië`mg Ë`m
gm{hË`mMr `mXr ~ZdyZ à`moJemim n`©dj
o H$m§H$S>o nmR>{dbr OmVo. Ë`mZ§Va à`moJemim
gm{hË` àH$ma
S>ã`mMm a§J
{nMa {ZJo{Q>ìh
bmb
B§Q>a {ZJo{Q>ìh / S>çwn {ZJo{Q>ìh
{Zim
B§Q>a nm°{P{Q>ìh / _mñQ>a nm°{P{Q>ìh / g°À`waoQ>oS> qàQ>
{hadm
qàQ>
amImS>r
gmC§S> {ZJo{Q>ìh/àrS>~ Q´>°H$/B§Q>aZ°eZb Q´>°H$
{ndim
ho gd© gm{hË` à`moJemio_YyZ nÍ`mÀ`m S>ã`m_YyZ J«§Wmb`mV Ambobo AgVo.
Ë`mZ§Va {d{eï> gm{hË` Ë`m Ë`m S>ã`m_Ü`o Q>mHy$Z nÍ`mMo S>~o JmoXm_m_Ü`o nmR>{dbo
OmVmV. Ë`m§Mr {dëhodmQ> bmdÊ`mMo H$m_ Xwgam ñdV§Ì "{dVaU {d^mJ' nmhVmo. `m
S>ã`m§da ~mOybm XmIb Zm|Xdhrdarb XmIb A§H$ _mH©$a noZZo {b{hbm OmVmo d Ë`m
Ë`m {MÌ{\$VrMm ari H«$_m§H$hr {b{hbm OmVmo. S>ã`mÀ`m a§Jmà_mUoM {MÌ{\$Vr{df`r
_m{hVr Xe©{dÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mM a§JmMo bo~b Ë`m S>ã`mda {MQ>H${dbo OmVmV. `m bo~bda
{MÌ{\$VrMo Zmd, gm{hË` àH$ma, EHy$U [aio, ari H«$_m§H$, {MÌ{\$VrMr EHy$U bm§~r,
H$mbmdYr, S>ã`mVrb [aimMr bm§~r, ^mfm, a§JrV/H¥$îUYdb, 35 {__r/16 {__r.,
XmIb A§H$, XmIb Pmë`mMr VmarI, BË`mXr _m{hVr AgVo.
àË`oH$ {MÌ{\$VrgmR>r EH$ {MÌ\$sV nÌ (film card) ~Z{dbo OmVo. `m
nÌmda {MÌ{\$VrMo Zmd, 35 {__r/16{__r, ^mfm, EHy$U bm§~r, XmIb A§H$,
J«W§ mb`mV XmIb Pmë`mMr VmarI, a§JrV/H¥$îUYdb, VgoM {MÌ\$sV H$moUmbm {Xbr,
VmarI, naV Amë`mMr VmarI, BË`mXr _m{hVr AgVo. ho nÌ àË`oH$ {MÌ{\$VrÀ`m
doJdoJiçm gm{hË`àH$mamÀ`m n{hë`m [aimÀ`m S>ã`m_Ü`o R>odbo OmVo. Ë`mZ§Va aMZm
H$aÊ`mgmR>r ho gm{hË` g§J«hm_Ü`o nmR>{dbo OmVo. {MÌ{\$VtMr H$nmQ>mdarb aMZm
àË`oH$ {d^mJm_Ü`o XmIb A§H$mZwgma Ho$br OmVo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
26
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
27
(6) B§Q>a nm°{P{Q>ìh / _mñQ>a nm°{P{Q>ìh / g°À`waoQ>oS> {à§Q> `m gm{hË`mMr
XmIb Zm|X
`m {d^mJm_Ü`o 2 XmIb Zm|Xdøm AmhoV. EH$m Zm|Xdhrda àgmaUmgmR>r
Agboë`m gm{hË`mMr Zm|X Ho$br OmVo Va Xwgè`m Zm|Xdhrda àgmaU Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r
Agboë`m gm{hË`mMr XmIb Zm|X Ho$br OmVo. `mdê$Z Amnë`m Ago bjmV `oB©b, H$s
àgmaUmgmR>r Agboë`m {d{eï> {MÌ{\$VrMm XmIb A§H$ àgmaU {d^mJmVrb XmIb
Zm|Xdhrda Omo Agob VmoM XmIb A§H$ Ë`mM {MÌ{\$VrgmR>r `m {d^mJmVrb XmIb
Zm|Xdhrda AgVmo. AemM àH$mao àgmaU Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r Agboë`m {MÌ{\$VtÀ`m
gm{hË`m~m~Vhr Ho$bo OmVo.
(7) qàQ> {d^mJmVrb gm{hË`mMr XmIb Zm|X
`m {d^mJm_Ü`o 5 XmIb Zm|Xdøm Ho$ë`m OmVmV
(1) 35 {__r. qàQ> XmIb
Zm|Xdhr, (2) AmÝga qàQ> XmIb Zm|Xdhr, (3) \o$pñQ>db qàQ> XmIb Zm|Xdhr,
(4) 16 {__r qàQ> XmIb Zm|Xdhr, (5) ^maVr` g_mMma {MÌ XmIb Zm|Xdhr
(INR). `m nmMhr XmIb Zm|Xdøm "qàQ>' `m gm{hË`mgmR>rM AgVmV.
(8) {MÌ\$sV Iam~ Pmë`mMr Zm|Xdhr (Dicomposed
Register)
Material
dJuH$aU d Vm{bH$sH$aU
{MÌ\$sV dJuH$aUmgmR>r H$moUË`mhr g§{hVoMm dmna Ho$bm OmV Zmhr, Va g§nyU©
g§Jh« mMo T>m~o i _mZmZo H$mhr _moO`mM {df`m§_Ü`o dJuH$aU Ho$bobo Amho. _mÌ Vm{bH$m
nwñVH$ê$nmZo à{gÕ Ho$br OmVo. hr Vm{bH$m {df`Zm_mZwgma Ho$br OmVo d Ë`m
{df`m§_Ü`o {MÌ\$sV Zmdm§Mr aMZm Ho$bobr AgVo. EH$m {MÌ{\$VrMr Zm|X 2 Vo 3
{df`m§_Ü`ohr Amnë`mbm nmhmd`mg {_iVo. VgoM {MÌ\$sVZm_m§Mr gyMr Vm{bHo$À`m
eodQ>r AZwdUm©Zwgma {Xbr OmVo. daModa Vm{bH$m§À`m nwadÊ`m à{gÕ Ho$ë`m OmVmV;
na§Vw `m Vm{bHo$_Ü`o H$moUË`mhr {Z`_mdbrMm dmna Ho$bobm Zgë`m_wio Ho$di àË`oH$
{MÌ{\$VrgmR>r {MÌ\$sVZm_, df©, {X½Xe©H$, a§JrV/H¥$îUYdb Am{U {MÌ{\$VrMm
gmam§e EdT>rM _m{hVr {Xbr OmVo. doJdoJiçm gm{hË`àH$mamgmR>r doJdoJiçm
{d^mJm§_Ü`o {d{eï> {MÌ{\$VtMo {Xbo Jobobo XmIb A§H$hr `oWo XoÊ`mV `oV ZmhrV.
Ë`m_wio {MÌ\$sV Z¸$s Hw$R>o {_iob ho Vm{bHo$dê$Z gm§JVm `oV Zmhr. àË`oH$ {d^mJm_Ü`o
{MÌ{\$VrÀ`m Zm_mZwgma nÌê$nr gyMr ~Z{dboë`m AmhoV. `m nÌmda {MÌ{\$VrMo
Zmd, gm{hË` àH$ma, [aio, XmIb A§H$, a§JrV/H¥$îUYdb, J«§Wmb`mV Amë`mMr
VmarI, BË`mXr _m{hVr AgVo. J«§Wê$n Vm{bHo$Vrb {df`mMo Zmd {MÌ{\$VrÀ`m
H$moUË`mhr S>ã`mda {b{hbo OmV Zmhr qH$dm `m {df`m§gmR>r nÌê$nr gyMrhr ~Z{dë`m
OmV ZmhrV.
àË`j XodKod
Á`m doir {df`mZwgma _mJUr Ho$br OmVo Ë`m doir J«§Wê$n Vm{bH$m nmhÿZM
nm{hOo Agboë`m {df`Zm_mZwgma {d{eï> {MÌ{\$VtMo gmam§e dmMyZ `mo½` Aem
{MÌ{\$VrMo Zmd {ZdS>bo OmVo d Ë`m {MÌ{\$VrMo H$moUË`m àH$maMo gm{hË` hdo Agob
Ë`m {d^mJm_Ü`o OmD$Z {d{eï> {MÌ{\$VrMo Zmd ghm`H$mbm gm§{JVbo OmVo. Ë`mZ§Va
Ë`m {d^mJmVrb nÌê$n gyMrÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo Ë`m {MÌ{\$VrMm XmIb A§H$ nm{hbm
OmVmo d Ë`mZwgma g§J«hm_YyZ H$mTy>Z Vr {MÌ\$sV Ë`m ì`Vrbm {Xbr OmVo. Ë`mVrb
nÌ H$mT>bo OmVo d Ë`mda Ë`m ì`VrMo Zmd {b{hbo OmVo.
XodKod nÕVr
doJdoJiçm g§ñWm, g§KQ>Zm, à`moJemim, Xoer-{dXoer {\$ë_ _hmoËgd,
BË`mXr§gmR>r J«§Wmb`mVrb gm{hË` (Picture negative, Print, Int. Neg. etc)
doJdoJiçm H$maUm§gmR>r {Xbo OmVo. Ë`mM~amo~a {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmÀ`m ZdrZ bKwnQ>
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
28
{Z{_©VrgmR>r g§nmXH$ VgoM {X½Xe©H$hr J«§Wmb`mVrb `m {MÌ{\$VtMm Zoh_r Ñí` godm
qH$dm BVa H$maUmgmR>r dmna H$aVmV. `m XodKodrgmR>r "~«mD$Z' nÕVr_Ü`o gwM{dbobr
J«§WnÌo `oWo dmnabr OmVmV. na§Vw hr nÌo ari H«$_m§H$ 1 Agboë`m S>ã`mV Q>mH$br
OmVmV. {d{eï> {MÌ\$sV H$mTy>Z Ë`mVrb {MÌ\$sVnÌ H$mT>bo OmVo d Vr {MÌ\$sV
H$moUmbm {Xbr Ë`mMo Zmd nÌmda {b{hbo OmVo d {MÌ\$sV naV Aë`mda nwÝhm Vo nÌ
S>ã`mV Q>mH$bo OmVo. {MÌ\$sV naV `oB©n`ªV hr nÌo XmIb A§H$mZwgma bmdbr OmVmV.
ñ_aUnÌ nmR>{dUo
{MÌ\$sV OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmVmZwH$y {bV ì`dñWoMr AË`§V Amdí`H$Vm AgVo.
Oa ho gm{hË` dmVmZwHy$b {da{hV {R>H$mUr A§XmOo 1 _{hÝ`mÀ`m da R>odbo Va Vo
gm{hË` Iam~ ìhm`bm gwédmV hmoVo d doJim dmg gwQ>Vmo. EH$Xm H$m Vo Iam~ Pmbo
H$s Vo gm{hË` \o$Hy$Z XoÊ`m{edm` n`m©` Zmhr. Ë`m_wio Á`m Á`m {R>H$mUr ho gm{hË`
{Xbo Agob Ë`m Ë`m {R>H$mUr daModa ñ_aUnÌo nmR>{dUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. {deofV:
Amo[a{OZb {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìhÀ`m ~m~VrV OmñV H$miOr ¿`mdr bmJVo. H$maU BVa
gm{hË` Iam~ Pmbo Va {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìhdê$Z Vr {MÌ\$sV, Vo gm{hË` nwÝhm V`ma
H$aVm `oVo. na§Vw {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìh Oa Iam~ Pmbr Va Ë`m {d{eï> {MÌ{\$Vr_Ü`o
{M{ÌV Pmbobm B{VhmgM Zï> hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
g§Jh« mVrb Ñí` {dH«$s godm
g§Jh« mVrb Ñí` {dH«$s hr J«W§ mb`mMr EH$ _hÎdmMr godm g_Obr OmVo. {MÌ\$sV
{d^mJmbm Oo H$mhr CËnÞ {_iVo Ë`mn¡H$s _hÎdmMo CËnÞ Ñí` {dH«$s godo_YyZ {_iVo.
J«W§ mb`mVrb {MÌ{\$Vr§Mm Cn`moJ {MÌnQ> joÌmer g§~{§ YV Agboë`m ì`Vr dm g§ñWmhr
H$aVmV Ago AmnU `mnydu åhQ>bo Amho. Va hm Cn`moJ H$gm Ho$bm OmVmo VgoM `m
H$m_mMo ñdê$n gd©gmYmaUnUo H$em àH$mao AgVo Vo g{dñVa nmhÿ. gd©àW_ {MÌnQ>
joÌmer g§~§{YV g§ñWm qH$dm ì`Vr J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o `oVmV. Ë`m§À`m ZdrZ {MÌnQ>mV
(bKwnQ>, {gZo_m, _m{hVrnQ>, BË`mXr) nQ>H$WoZwgma H$mhr Ñí`o dmnamd`mMr AgVmV;
na§Vw `m X¥í`m§Mo àË`j {MÌrH$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r Iyn IM© `oVmo qH$dm Or KQ>Zm KSy>Z
Jobr Agob {VMo {MÌrH$aU H$aVm `oUo e`M Zmhr Aer Ñí`o CXmhaUmW©, EImÚm
{MÌnQ>m_Ü`o nQ>H$WoZwgma bT>mB©Mo {MÌU Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`mgmR>r {d_mZmVyZ ~m°å~
\o$H$bo OmVmV Aer Ñí`o hdr AmhoV qH$dm EImÚm bKwnQ>mgmR>r B§{Xam Jm§YtMo ^mfU
AmdmOmg{hV Amdí`H$ Amho, Aem àH$maMr _mJUr J«§Wmb`mH$S>o Ambr Va ^maVkmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
29
nmH$ `wÕmMr Ñí`o VgoM B§{Xam Jm§YrMr ^mfUo Agbobr g_mMma {MÌo J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o
{MÌ J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o CnbãY Agë`m_wio g§~§{YV g§ñWm§À`m _mJÊ`m§Mr nyV©Vm Ho$br
OmVo. `mgmR>r g§~§{YV ì`VtH$Sy>Z Ë`m§À`m _mJÊ`m H$moUË`m AmhoV, H$moUVr Ñí`o
hdr AmhoV, H$moUH$moUË`m {df`m§darb Ñí`o hdr AmhoV, {MÌnQ>m_Ü`o dmnaÊ`mgmR>r
H$s bKwnQ>mgmR>r Ñí`o hdrV, Ñí`o a§JrV hdr AmhoV H$s H¥$îUYdb `mg§~§Yr _m{hVr
XoUmam N>mnrb \$m°_© ^ê$Z KoVbm OmVmo, VgoM `m gm{hË`mMm ñdm{_Ëd h¸$mZo Xwén`moJ
hmoUma Zmhr `mg§~§Yr H$amanÌ ^ê$Z KoVbo OmVo. `m Ñí`m§À`m _mJUrdê$Z (a§JrV,
H¥$îUYdb, ì`mnmarH$aUmgmR>r, e¡j{UH$ H$m`m©gmR>r, BË`mXr ) doJdoJir qH$_V
à{V _rQ>aZwgma AmH$mabr OmVo. g§~§{YV ì`VtZm J«§Wmb`mV Agboë`m {MÌ\$sV
nmhÊ`mÀ`m _erZda (B§Q>a{gZo) Ë`m§À`m _mJUrZwgma {MÌ{\$Vr XmI{dë`m OmVmV.
`m {MÌ{\$Vr ~KÊ`mgmR>rhr Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z à{V Vmgmbm emoY AmH$ma _yë` KoVbo
OmVo. `m {MÌ{\$Vr XmI{dÊ`mMo H$m_ g§nmXH$ Oo J«§Wmb`mMoM H$_©Mmar AgVmV Vo
H$aVmV. _mJUrZwgma {d{eï> Ñí`m§Mr Zm|X Ho$br OmVo d Ë`mZwgma g§~§{YV ì`VtZm hr
Ñí`o ìhrgrS>r, S>rìhrS>r, ìhrEMEg, {~Q>m, S>rOr{~Q>m qH$dm {MÌ\$sV ñdê$nm_Ü`o
hdr Agë`mg Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z Ë`mà_mUo qH$_V AmH$mabr OmVo d Zm|X Ho$bobr [aio
à`moJemio_Ü`o Ñí`m§Va H$aÊ`mgmR>r nmR>{dbr OmVmV.
gmR>çmVrb {ZdS>H$ Ñí`godm
Ñí`godm hr J«§Wmb`mVrb _hÎdmMr godm Amho `mMm CoI AmnU nydu Ho$bm
Amho. {MÌ\$sV {d^mJm_Ü`o Aer H$mhr Xw_ui Ñí`o OVZ Hoo$bobr AmhoV H$s Vr Ñí`o
^maVmV qH$dm ^maVm~mhoa _yi ñdê$nmV H$moR>ohr nmhmd`mg {_iUma ZmhrV. MrZ,
~m§JbmXoe, nm{H$ñVmZ, H$maJrb `wÕ, lrb§Ho$V nmR>{dbobr em§{VgoZm, _hmË_m
Jm§YrnmgyZ gd© amï´>r` ZoVo, emñÌk, Jm`H$, A{^ZoVo, ZV©H$, {d{dY joÌm§Vrb IoimSy>,
{MÌnQ> joÌmVrb ì`Vr, Ym{_©H$ ZoVo, `m gdmªMr M[aÌmË_H$ MbV²{MÌ ñdê$nm_Ü`o
_m{hVr, {dXoer ZoË`m§À`m ^maVmVë`m ^oQ>r, ^maV gaH$maZo doJdoJiçm Xoem§er Ë`m
Ë`m amï´>à_wIm§~amo~a Ho$bobo H$ama, gd© Zm°Z AbmB©Z _wìh_|Q>²g (EZEE_), doJdoJiçm
Am§Vaamï´>r` {eIa n[afXm, gå_obZo, _w§~B©Mm gmV ~oQ>m§nmgyZMm B{Vhmg, dmgwXod
~id§V \$S>`m§nmgyZ gwê$ Pmbobm ^maVmÀ`m ñdmV§Í` bT>çmMm B{Vhmg, Om{b`Zdmbm
~mJ hË`mH$m§S>, {_R>mMm gË`mJ«h, ñdXoer Midi, Mbo Omd Midi `m§gmaIr
{~«{Q>em§{déÕMr Am§XmobZo, EìhaoñQ> {eIamdarb KS>m_moS>r, ^maVmVrb _hÎdmMo
{H$o, MM©, _§{Xao, VgoM BVa àmW©ZmñWio, ñWmnË`emñÌmZwgma _hÎdmÀ`m B_maVr,
_hÎdmMo Ym{_©H$ CËgd, Hw$§ ^ _oimdo, VmO_hb-Hw$Vw~{_Zmagma»`m ^maVmÀ`m _mZq~Xy
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
30
AgUmè`m H$bmH¥$Vr, _hmË_m Jm§Yr, gw^mfM§Ð ~mog `m§À`m~amo~aM AOyZn`ªV hmoD$Z
Jobb
o o n§VàYmZ, amï´>nVr `m§Mo _yi AmdmO, Ë`m§Mr ^mfUo, A_o[aHo$Vrb ZmgmMo à{ejU
H|$Ð, ^maVmVrb n{hbm A§Vamidra amHo$e e_m© `m§Mr A§Vamidmar d Ë`mZo A§VamimVyZ
^maVmÀ`m n§VàYmZ B§{Xam Jm§Yrer Ho$bobo g§^mfU, ^maVmVrb g§ajU _§Ìmb`mÀ`m
A{YnË`mImbr Agbobr doJdoJir A§Vami à{ejU H|$Ðo Am{U Ë`m§Mo CnH«$_,
A§Vami`mZ gmoS>Ê`mMr {R>H$mUo, doJdoJiçm A§Vami`mZm§Mr àgmaUo, ^yXb-dm`yXbZm¡Xb `m§Mo CnH«$_, g_mOgwYmaH$m§Mr M[aÌo, doJdoJiçm A{VXwJ_© Am{Xdmgr ^mJmVrb
OrdZM`m©, Ë`m§Mr ~mobr ^mfm, {d{dY amÁ`m§Zr H$m`ÚmZwgma {MÌrH$aUmda ~§Xr
KmVbobr AgVmZmhr {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmÀ`m {MÌrH$aUmg _mÌ nadmZJr {_imë`mZo
Aem {R>H$mUÀ`m {MÌrH$aUmMr X¥í`o, BË`mXr {d{dY àH$maMr Ñí`o Amnë`mbm {MÌ\$sV
{d^mJm_Ü`o nhmd`mg {_iVmV.
Ñí`godm§Mr J«W
§ ê$n gyMr
`m gyMrbm "_o_mo Am°\$ H§$Q>Q| >' Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. gwédmVrbm {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmV\©$o
^maVmVrb doJdoJiçm _hÎdmÀ`m KQ>Zm§da AmYm[aV ^maVr` g_mMma {MÌ (B§{S>`Z
Ý`yO [aìøy) ~Z{dbr OmV AgV. àË`oH$ g_mMma {MÌ 1 [aimMo AgyZ àË`oH$
{MÌ{\$Vrbm H«$_m§H$ {Xbobm Amho. CXmhaUmW©, ^maVr` g_mMma {MÌ H«$_m§H$ 1
Aem àH$mao EHy$U 1838 g_mMma {MÌo ~Z{dbr Jobr. `m àË`oH$ g_mMma {MÌm_Ü`o
H$moUH$moUË`m KQ>Zm AmhoV d àË`oH$ KQ>ZogmR>r {H$Vr bm§~rMo (_rQ>g©Mo) {MÌrH$aU
Amho `mMr _m{hVr `m gyMr_Ü`o {Xbobr Amho d Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m g_mMma {MÌm§À`m
B§JO
« r_Yrb {ZdoXZmMr àV {Xbr Jobr Amho. gZ 1948 Vo 1984 `m H$mbmdYr_Ü`o
1938 ^maVr` g_mMma {MÌm§À`m {MÌ{\$Vr ~Z{dë`m Joë`m. EH$m dfm©_Ü`o ~Z{dë`m
Jobëo `m {MÌ{\$VrgmR>r EH$ J«W§ ê$n gyMr `mà_mUo 1984 n`ªV J«W§ ê$n gyMr J«W§ mb`m_Ü`o
~Z{dboë`m AmhoV. Ë`mZ§Va {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmZo `m g_mMma {MÌm§Mo Zm_H$aU "^maVr`
g_mMma n{ÌH$m' (B§{S>`Z Ý`yO _°J{PZ) Ago Ho$bo d nwÝhm H«$_m§H$ 1 nmgyZ gwédmV
Ho$br. `m g_mMman{ÌH$m AmOhr {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmV\©o$ ~Z{dë`m OmVmV. na§Vw `m
g_mMma n{ÌH$m§À`m ^maVr` g_mMma {MÌmgma»`m doJiçm gyMr J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o
~Z{dë`m Joë`m ZmhrV. gÜ`m g§JUH$sH$aUmMo H$m_ gwê$ Agë`mZo `m g_mMma
n{ÌH$m§Mr BË`§^yV _m{hVr g§JUH$mda {_iy eH$Vo.
J«W
§ ê$n gyMtMr _`m©Xm
`m gyMt_Ü`o àË`oH$ {MÌ{\$VrgmR>r KQ>Zm VgoM X¥í`m§gmR>r EH$Ì AZwH«$_{UH$m
{Xbobr Agbr Var dfm©À`m eodQ>r `m KQ>Zm VgoM Ñí`m§Mr AZwdUm©Zwgma gyMr XoUo
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
31
Amdí`H$ hmoVo. na§Vw Ver gyMr Zgë`m_wio Ñí`godm XoÊ`mda \$ma _`m©Xm `oVmV.
CXmhaUmW©, ^JdmZ Jm¡V_ ~wÕm§À`m 2500ì`m O`§Vr{XZr {Xr_Ü`o n§VàYmZ
Odmhabmb Zohê§$À`m CnpñWVrV Pmboë`m g§nyU© gmohiçmMr Ñí`o EImÚm g§ñWoZo
_m{JVbr Va Ë`mgmR>r Vo df© _m{hVr AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. AÝ`Wm Odmhabmb
Zohê§$À`m n§VàYmZ H$mimVrb gd© g_mMma {MÌm§À`m gyMr nmhmì`m bmJVrb d Ë`mgmR>r
~amM doi bmJob.
g§JUH$sH$aU
J«W§ mb`mMo g§JUH$sH$aU H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ gÜ`m gwê$ Amho. Ë`mgmR>r J«W§ mb`mÀ`m
JaOoZwgma g§kmdbr V`ma Ho$bobr Amho. g§kmdbr_Yrb KQ>H$ d _m{hVrMo (1) _mñQ>g©, (2) S>oQ>m EÝQ´>r, (3) ar{Q´>db, (4) go`w[aQ>r, (5) `w{Q>{bQ>r, (6)
EpPQ> d (7) A~mD$Q> Ago EHy$U 7 KQ>H$ V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. Ë`m àË`oH$
KQ>H$m_Yrb _m{hVr nwT>rbà_mUo (1) _mñQ>g© (Masters)
(a) Personal names : ({MÌ{\$VrÀ`m {Z{_©Vrer g§~§{YV H$moUË`mhr
ì`VrÀ`m Zmdmdê$Z Ë`m Ë`m ì`Vrer (Vm§{ÌH$) g§~§{YV gd©
{MÌ{\$VtMr `mXr {_iVo.
(b) Sponsor Masters : EImXr {MÌ\$sV {d{eï> _§Ìmb`mZo nwañH¥$V
Ho$bobr AgVo. Ë`m _§Ìmb`mMo qH$dm g§ñWoMo Zmd Q>mB©n Ho$ë`mda nwañH¥$V
Ho$boë`m {MÌ{\$VtMr `mXr {_iVo.
(c) Doner Master : H$mhr XmË`m§Zr {MÌ{\$Vr {Xboë`m AmhoV. Ë`m_wio
Ë`m§À`m Zmdmdê$Z {MÌ\$sV emoYVm `oVo.
(d) State Master : H$mhr {MÌ{\$Vr "{d{eï> amÁ`' hm {df` S>moiçm§g_moa
R>odyZ ~Z{dboë`m AmhoV. Ë`m {MÌ{\$VtMr Zmdo `m {d^mJmV nmhmd`mg
{_iVmV.
(e) Language Master : g§nyU© g§J«h 29 ^mfm§_Ü`o {d^mJbobm Amho.
Ë`m_wio doJdoJiçm ^mfm§_Ü`o H$moUVo bKwnQ> AmhoV `mMr _m{hVr {_iy
eH$Vo.
(f) Class Master : {MÌ{\$VtMm g§nU
y © g§Jh« 3,072 {df` d Cn{df`
`m_Ü`o {dIwabobm Amho. ho {df` T>mo~inUo ~Z{dbobo AmhoV. Ë`mgmR>r
H$moUË`mhr dJuH$aU g§{hVoMm AmYma KoVbobm Zmhr qH$dm Ë`m {df`m§Zm
g§H$o Vm§H$ {Xbobm Zmhr. Ë`m_wio {df`mÀ`m ZmdmZwgma emoY ¿`mdm bmJVmo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
32
(g) Award Master : {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmÀ`m H$moUH$moUË`m {MÌ{\$VtZm
amï´>r` VgoM Am§Vaamï´>r` nm[aVmo{fHo$ {_imbr AmhoV Ë`m {MÌ{\$VtMr
_m{hVr `oWo {_iVo.
DATA ENTRY
(a) Movie entry : `m_Ü`o bKwnQ>, A°{Z_oeZnQ> `m§Mr _m{hVr gmR>{dbr
OmVo. {MÌ{\$VrMo Zmd, nyU© Pmë`mMm _{hZm d df©, a§JrV / H¥$îUYdb,
^mfm, amÁ`, AmH$ma (35 {__r./16 {__r.), ì`Vr (CXm.
N>m`m{MÌH$ma, {X½Xe©H$, ÜdZr, g§nmXH$, g§JrVH$ma, g§{hVm boIH$,
{ZdoXZ, {Z_m©Vm, ghm`H$, ZonÏ`, BË`mXr), {df` d Ë`m {MÌ{\$VrMm
gmam§e hr gd© _m{hVr `m {d^mJm_Ü`o {Xbr OmVo.
(b) News entry : {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmV\©o$ gwédmVrbm ^maVr` g_mMma
{MÌ (Indian News Review) ~Z{dbr d H$mbm§VamZo Ë`mMo
Zm_m§VaU g_mMma n{ÌH$m Ago Ho$bo (News Magazine) `m
{MÌ{\$VtMr _m{hVrhr darbà_mUoM gmR>{dbr OmVo.
! RETRIEVAL
`m KQ>H$m_Ü`o Amnë`mbm Amnë`m _mJUrZwgma `mÚm {_iy eH$VmV. `m_Yrb
_m{hVr nwT>rbà_mUo MOVIE
Title
Colour
Language
State
Region
Person
Sponsor
Donor
Synopses
STOCK SHOTS
QUERY
NEWS
Title
Colour
Language
State
Copy
Person
Sponsor
Donor
Synopses
SUB FIELD
Production
Direction
Camera
Sound
Editor
Music
Script
Commentary
Animation etc.
`m {d^mJm_Ü`o Amnë`m JaOoZwgma EImXo Ñí` hdo Agë`mg Vo Ñí` qH$dm
{df` Query _Ü`o Q>mB©n H$amdo. Ë`mZ§Va MOVIE da H$i Xm~ë`mg Vo X¥í` Á`m
{MÌ{\$Vr_Ü`o Amho Ë`m {MÌ{\$VrMr darbà_mUo gd© _m{hVr Amnë`mbm {_iVo. Oa
Vo X¥í` MOVIE _Ü`o Zgob Va NEWS da H$i Xm~yZ nm{hë`mg H$Xm{MV Vo
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
33
Ñí`/{df` d Ë`mMr BVa _m{hVr Amnë`mbm {_iy eH$Vo.
`mì`{V[aV Oa EImÚm ì`VrZo ~Z{dbobo bKwnQ> H$moUVo `m g§~§YrMr _m{hVr
hdr Agë`mg SUB FIELD _Ü`o H$i Xm~yZ g§~§{YV _m{hVr {_iy eH$Vo. hr
_m{hVr AmnU SUB FIELD _Ü`o darbà_mUo {Xboë`m doJdoJiçm n`m©`mZwgma
{_idy eH$Vmo.
" SECURITY
`m_Ü`o Cn`moJ H$aUmè`m§Mo nmgdS>© goìh Ho$bo OmVmV.
# UTILITIES, $ EXIT % ABOUT
ho VrZ KQ>H$ g§JUH$m_Ü`o Agboë`m Vm§{ÌH$ _m{hVr{df`r AmhoV.
{S>{OQ>m`PoeZ
gÜ`m ~XbË`m `wJmbm gm_moao OmÊ`mÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ g§J«hmMo {S>{OQ>m`PoeZ
H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ gwê$ Amho. ho {S>{OQ>m`PoeZ åhUOoM g§nyU© g§J«hmVrb {MÌ{\$VtMo
Ñí`m§Va S>rìhrS>r, {~Q>m, S>rOr{~Q>m, BË`mXr g§JUH$s` {\$Vtda H$aUo. ho H$aÊ`mnydu
g§J«hmVrb àË`oH$ {MÌ{\$VrMo gd© àH$maMo gm{hË` ì`dpñWV VnmgyZ KoUo Amdí`H$
Amho. Ë`mgmR>r EH$ doJim ñdV§Ì nwam{^boI {d^mJ (Archival Section) gwê$
H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. `m {d^mJm_Ü`o g§nmXH$m§da ho H$m_ gmon{dÊ`mV Ambo Amho. `m
{d^mJm_Ü`o {MÌ{\$Vr nyU©nUo VnmgyZ Pmë`mZ§Va ho gm{hË` à`moJemio_Ü`o nmR>{dbo
OmVo d VoWyZ Vo gm{hË` ImOJr à`moJemioV {S>{PQ>m`PoeZgmR>r nmR>{dbo OmVo.
{S>{OQ>m`PoeZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r g§nyU© g§J«hmVrb {MÌ{\$VtMr 3 {d^mJm§_Ü`o
{d^mJUr Ho$br Amho : (1) A{V_hÎdmÀ`m {MÌ{\$Vr (Most precious films),
(2) _hÎdmÀ`m {MÌ{\$Vr (Precious films), Am{U (3) BVa gd©gmYmaU {MÌ{\$Vr
(Genaral films). `m VrZ àH$mam§_Yrb {MÌ{\$VtMr Zmdo R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r nyd©
J«§Wnmbm§er H$ama H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho d Ë`mZwgma `mÚm ~Z{dÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV.
Ë`m `mÚm§à_mUo gd©àW_ A{V_hÎdmÀ`m {MÌ{\$Vr Z§Va _hÎdmÀ`m {MÌ{\$Vr d eodQ>r
gd©gmYmaU {MÌ{\$VtMo {S>{OQ>m`PoeZ H$amdo Ago R>a{dbo Jobo Amho. àË`oH$ H°$goQ>_Ü`o
{H$_mZ 3 {MÌ{\$Vr Ñí`m§Va Ho$ë`m OmVmV.
{S>{OQ>m`PoeZgmR>r dmnabo OmUmao gm{hË`
nydu {MÌ\$sV _yi {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìhdê$Z ìhrgrS>r, S>rìhrS>r, {~Q>m, S>rOr~rQ>m
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
34
`m ñdê$nm_Ü`o OVZ H$ê$Z R>odÊ`mMo H$m_ gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. na§Vw gÜ`m `m
{MÌ{\$Vr ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmZwgma V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m gm{hË`m_Ü`o Ñí`m§Va Ho$ë`m
OmVmV. Vo gm{hË` åhUOo "hm` S>o{\$ZoeZ'. hr EH$ àH$maMr Q>on AgVo, Ë`m Q>onda
{MÌ{\$VtMo Ñí`m§Va Ho$bo OmVo. ho Ñí`m§Va H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ ImOJr à`moJemioV {Xbo
OmVo. g§J«hmVrb Amo[a{OZb {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìh `m Ñí`m§VamgmR>r nmR>{dbr OmVo. hm`
S>o{\$ZoeZ `m Q>onMo _hÎdmMo d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo hr Q>on BVa gm{hË`mnojm OmñV H$mi
{Q>Hy$ eH$Vo VgoM `m Q>ondê$Z nwÝhm Oa Amnë`mbm Amo[a{OZb {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìh
{MÌ\$sV ñdê$nm_Ü`o hdr Agë`mg nyduÀ`m Amo[a{OZb {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìhnojm C
XOm©Mr {nMa {ZJo{Q>ìh `m Q>ondê$Z Amnë`mbm Ñí`m§Va H$aVm `oVo. Ë`mM~amo~a `m
Q>on_Ü`o H$mhr Vm§{ÌH$ MwH$mhr XwéñV H$aVm `oVmV. Aem àH$mao nyU© g§J«hmMo
{S>{OQ>m`PoeZ H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ gÜ`m OmoamV gwê$ Amho.
Vm{bHo$À`m _`m©Xm
J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o {MÌ\$sVZm_mZwgma Vm{bH$mnÌ ~Z{dbo OmVo. Ë`mVrb _m{hVr
AmnU `mnydu nm{hbr, VgoM ^maVr` g_mMma {MÌm§gmR>r (_o_mo Am°\$ H§$Q>oQ>) {df`
gyMr ^maVr` g_mMma {MÌ H«$_m§H$mZwgma {ZdoXZmg{hV ~Z{dÊ`mV Ambr Amho. g§nyU©
J«§Wmb`mMo EHy$U 3,072 EdT>çm {df`m§_Ü`o g§JUH$sH$aUmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo dJuH$aU
H$aÊ`mV Ambobo Amho. VgoM Ñí` godm§gmR>r doJim {d^mJ R>odÊ`mV Ambm Amho
hogwÕm AmnU ~{KVbo. na§Vw Varhr AmnU Á`m doir _hÎdmÀ`m Ñí` godm§Mm {dMma
H$aVmo Ë`m doir Cn^moË`m§Zm hdr Agbobr gd©M Ñí`o J«§Wmb`m_m\©$V {Xbr OmVmV
Ago Zmhr. H$mhr Ñí`o g§Jh« m_Ü`o H$moUË`mVar {MÌ{\$Vr_Ü`o AgÊ`mMr e`Vm AgVo.
na§Vw àË`oH$ {MÌ{\$VrVrb àË`oH$ Ñí`mZwgma gyMr ~Z{dbr Jobr Zgë`m_wio Vr Ñí`o
g§Jh« m_Ü`o AgyZhr CnbãY Zgë`mMo gm§{JVbo OmVo. CnbãY Agboë`m Ñí` godm§_Ü`o
KQ>Zm§Zm OmñV _hÎd {Xbo Jobo Amho. CXmhaUmW©, 15 Am°JñQ> 1947 hr EH$ KQ>Zm
Pmbr. na§Vw `m KQ>Zo_Ü`o Odmhabmb Zohê§$Zr {~«{Q>em§Mm P|S>m Imbr CVadbm.
^maVmMm {Va§Jm \$S>H${dbm, VgoM Ë`m AZwf§JmZo {ZdoXZm_Ü`o "14 Am°JñQ> 1947
_Ü`amÌr' Agm Pmbobm CoI, BË`mXr Jmoï>rhr Ñí`godogmR>r Cn`wV AgVmV.
`mg§~§YrMr n[anyU© gyMr J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o CnbãY Zmhr. Ë`m_wio Ñí`gyMrda _`m©Xm
nS>VmV. EImÚm {Z_m©Ë`mZo Eg.E_. Omoer `m§À`m OrdZH$m`m©da bKwnQ> ~Z{dÊ`mMo
R>a{dbo Am{U Oa Vmo {Z_m©Vm J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o Ambm Va {df`gyMr VgoM g§JUH$m_Yrb
Ñí`gyMr `m_Ü`o H$moR>ohr Eg.E_. Omoer ZmdmMm CoI Zgë`m_wio J«§Wmb`mVyZ Ë`m
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
35
{Z_m©Ë`mbm Imbr hmVmZo naVmdo bmJob. na§Vw {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmVrb OwZo {X½Xe©H$
VgoM g§nmXH$m§er MMm© Ho$ë`mda `m§Mr Ñí`o {d{eï> {MÌ{\$Vr_Ü`o Agë`mMo g_OVo.
hm _hÎdmMm Xmof Ñí`godogmR>r dmnaÊ`mV `oUmè`m gyMr_Ü`o Agë`mMo OmUdVo. `m
Xmofm§da _mV H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo H$mhr à`ËZ H$aUo, Anwè`m _Zwî`~imA^mdr
J«§Wmb`mVrb H$_©Mmè`m§Zm e` hmoV Zmhr. Varhr àË`oH$ {MÌ{\$Vr_Yrb _hÎdmÀ`m
Ñí`m§Mr gyMr ~Z{dÊ`mMm {dMma J«§Wmb`mVrb H$_©Mmar Camer ~miJyZ AmhoV d Ë`m
Ñï>rZo nmdbo CMbÊ`mg gwédmVhr Pmbr Amho.
{MÌ{\$VtMo ^maV^a àgmaU
{MÌ\$sV {d^mJmÀ`m {MÌ{\$VtMo ^maVmVrb gd© {gZo_mJ¥hm§_Ü`o àgmaU Ho$bo
OmVo `mMm CoI AmnU `mnydu ~è`mM doim Ho$bm Amho. ho àgmaU åhUOo Z¸$s H$m`
Vo nmhÿ `m. ^maV gaH$maÀ`m A{YgyMZoÛmam (1) ^maVmVrb gd© {gZo_mJ¥hm§Zm nadmZm
XoÊ`mMo VgoM Vmo nadmZm Xadfu ZdrZrH$aU H$aÊ`mMo A{YH$ma {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmbm
XoÊ`mV Ambo. (2) àË`oH$ {gZo_mJ¥hmZo à{Vdfu Ë`m§Zm hmoUmè`m Zâ`mVrb 2% a¸$_
{MÌ\$sV {d^mJmbm XoUo ~§YZH$maH$ Ho$bo. (3) àË`oH$ {gZo_mJ¥hm_Ü`o Xa AmR>dS>çmbm
ZdrZ {MÌnQ>mMo àgmaU hmoV AgVo. Ë`m àgmaUm~amo~aM {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmÀ`m
ZdrZ {MÌ{\$VtMo àgmaU H$ê$Z {MÌnQ> gwê$ hmoÊ`mAJmoXa `m {MÌ{\$Vr XmI{dUo
~§YZH$maH$ Ho$bo. g§nyU© ^maV^a {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmÀ`m {MÌ{\$Vr nmohmoM{dÊ`mgmR>r
{MÌ\$sV {d^mJmMm {dVaU {d^mJ ñdV§ÌnUo H$m`©aV Amho. gÜ`m {MÌnQ> gwê$
hmoÊ`mnydu 15 {_{ZQ>m§À`m H$mbmdYrV Om{hamVr XmI{dë`m Va Ë`mVyZ {MÌnQ>J¥hm§À`m
_mbH$m§Zm n¡gm {_iVmo. Ë`m_wio ^maVmVrb {MÌnQ>J¥h _mbH$m§À`m g§KQ>ZoZo ^maV
gaH$maÀ`m A{YgyMZobmM AbrH$S>o gdm©
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d g_mOà~moYZmgmR>r bKwnQ> XmI{dUo Amdí`H$ Agë`mMm {Zdm©im gdm©o
Ý`m`mb`mZo {Xbm. na§Vw {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmMoM bKwnQ> XmIdmdoV `mMm CbJS>m Pmbm
Zmhr. Ë`m_wio gÜ`m H$mhr {gZo_mJ¥hm§V ImOJr bKwnQ> {Z_m©Ë`m§Mo bKwnQ> XmI{dbo
OmVmV. Ago Oar Agbo Var X{jUoVrb VgoM CÎmaoH$S>rb OdiOdi gd©M
{gZo_mJ¥hm§_YyZ {MÌnQ> {d^mJmMoM bKwnQ> XmI{dbo OmVmV.
Am{U J«§W `m§Mr d¡{eîQ>ço doJdoJir AmhoV, VgoM àemgH$s` JaOoZwgma ho J«§Wmb`
doJiçm {R>H$mUr gmH$mabo Amho. J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o {MÌnQ> joÌmer g§~§{YV doJdoJiçm
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nwñVHo$ `m J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o AmhoV. J«§Wmb`mMm EHy$U g§J«h A§XmOo 7,000 nwñVH$m§Mm
Amho. J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVr ghm`H$ e¡j{UH$ gmJmamÀ`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr
J«§Wmb`mMm H$ma^ma nmhVmo. {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmVrb gd© A{YH$mar Am{U H$_©MmardJ©
`m J«§Wmb`mMm dmna H$ê$ eH$VmV. VgoM {MÌnQ>m§g§~§Yr g§emoYZmË_H$ H$m`© H$aUmao
doJdoJiçm {dÚmnrR>mM
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(16 dr Amd¥Îmr) Mm dJuH$aUmgmR>r dmna Ho$bm OmVmo, Va Vm{bH$sH$aU EEgrAma2 à_mUo Ho$bo OmVo. J«§W XodKod nÕVrgmR>r J«§Wmb`mMr ñdV:Mr nÕV dmnabr OmVo.
J«§W XoVmZm nmdVr nwñVH$mda Ë`m ì`VrMr ghr KoVbr OmVo. `m nmdË`m EH$mM
H«$_m§H$mÀ`m 2 Agë`m_wio _Ü`o H$m~©Z Q>mH$mdm bmJVmo. Ë`mZ§Va nwñVH$ naV H$aVmZm
_yi nmdVr \$mSy>Z nwñVH$ naV Ho$ë`mMr VmarI {bhÿZ dmMH$mbm naV Ho$br OmVo d
nwñVH$ OmJoda bmdbo OmVo. `m J«§Wmb`mMm H$ma^ma ñdV§Ì[aË`m MmbVmo.
{MÌnQ> _hmoËgd
`m J«W§ mb`m_Ü`o nwñVHo$ d {Z`VH$m{bHo$ OVZ Ho$br OmVmV. {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmÀ`m
(Mannual) _mJ©Xe©H$ J«§WmZwgma doJiçm J«§Wmb`mMr VaVyX Zmhr, Varhr {MÌ\$sV
doJdoJiçm Xoem§_Ü`o bKwnQ> / A°{Z_oeZnQ> _hmoËgd Am`mo{OV Ho$bo OmVmV.
`m _hmoËgdm§_Ü`o ^maV gaH$maV\©o$ {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmÛmao àdo{eH$m ^aë`m OmVmV d
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_hmoËgdm_Ü`o Xoe{dXoemVyZ Mm§Jbm à{VgmX {_iVmo. `m _hmoËgdm§_wioM {MÌ\$sV
{d^mJmMo Zmd {dXoem§_Ü`ohr à{gÕ Amho. XO©Xo ma bKwnQ> VgoM A°{Z_oeZnQ> ~Z{dUmar
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`m _hmoËgdm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {_imbobr AmhoV.
`m _hmoËgdm~amo~a {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmÀ`m Á`m ^maV^a emIm AmhoV Ë`m
emIm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZhr {MÌ\$sV {d^mJmMr {Z{_©Vr Agboë`m {MÌ{\$VtMo Ioi
doJdoJiçm amÁ`m§_Ü`o Am`mo{OV Ho$bo OmVmV. `mgmR>r J«§Wmb`mV\©o$M {MÌ{\$Vr
kmZJ§JmoÌr
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Ho$br OmV Zmhr. Varhr ZdrZ bKwnQ> {Z{_©VrgmR>r Agboë`m {ZYr_YyZ J«§Wmb`mMr
~arMer H$m_o Ho$br OmVmV. J«§Wmb`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Agboë`m 24 Vmg dmVmZwHy$b
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g§ñWm§Zr, VgoM Xoe{dXoemVrb _mÝ`da {MÌnQ> H§$nÝ`m§Zr AOyZn`ªV J«§Wmb`mÀ`m
Ñí`godm `m gw{dYoMm Cn`moJ Ho$bobm Amho Am{U AOyZhr H$arV AmhoV. Ë`m_wio Aem
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gm§^miÊ`mMo Omo{I_rMo H$m_ EH$ J«§Wnmb Am{U VrZ J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVr ghm`H$
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J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o Amho. `m gdmªÀ`m ghH$m`m©da EdT>çm _moR>çm, g§nyU©nUo dmVmZwHy${bV
Agboë`m `m J«§Wmb`mMm S>mobmam gm§^mibm OmVmo` Am{U Iè`m AWm©Zo ^maVmMm
MbV²{MÌ B{Vhmg OVZ Ho$bm OmVmo`.
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➤
J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVr à àgmaU gm{hË`,
à ghm`H$ (1)
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àemgZ,
gd© {MÌ{\$VtÀ`m _°arS>
J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVr
à`moJemim
à qàQ>, AmÝga qàQ>,
à ghm`H$ (3)
VgoM
\o$ñQ>rdb qàQ>, 16
{MÌ\$sV
{__r. qàQ>
{d^mJmVrb gd© à ñQw>{S>Amo ~m°`
AZw^mJm§er
g_Ýd` amIUo à d[að> {b{nH$
_mñQ>a/B§Q>a nm°{P{Q>ìh,
à
g°À`waoQ>oS> qàQ>
{enmB©
gd©
{ZJo{Q>ìh
darb
à_mUo
➤
J«W
§ mb` H$_©Mmè`m§Mr O~m~Xmar
H$m_mMr {d^mJUr
J«W
§ mb` ghm`H$ d BVa
H$_©Mmè`m§Mr {d^mJUr
➤
nmR>{dë`m OmVmV. H$moUË`mhr àH$maMm Ioi Agob qH$dm Xoer-{dXoer {MÌnQ> Agob
Va {MÌ{\$Vr J«§Wmb`m_m\©$VM nmR>{dë`m OmVmV. Ë`m {MÌ{\$Vr _hmoËgdm_Ü`o
nmR>{dÊ`mnydu à`moJemio_Ü`o Ë`m ì`dpñWV AmhoV H$m ho VnmgÊ`mgmR>r nmR>{dë`m
OmVmV. à`moJemioMm VnmgUr Ahdmb àmá Pmë`mZ§Va Á`m {MÌ{\$Vr Iam~ Pmë`mMo
AhdmbmV Z_yX Ho$bobo Agob Ë`m {MÌ{\$VtÀ`m ZdrZ àVr {ZJo{Q>ìhdê$Z ~ZdyZ
_hmoËgdm_Ü`o nmR>{dë`m OmVmV.
g§nmXH$ loUr - 1
à
Ñí`o XmI{dUo d
Ñí`m§VamMr Zm|X R>odUo
g§nmXH$ loUr - 2
H${Zð> {b{nH$
_OXya
àemgH$s` H$m_o VgoM
J«W§ mb` ghm`H$m§Zm
ghH$m`© H$aUo
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
38
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
39
J«W
§ n[aM`
S>m°. amO|Ð Hw§$^ma
❏
Quality Assessment and Quality Indicators for LIS
Eudcation (Pre-seminar volume of UGC sponsored
National Seminar)
Ed. by P. S. G. Kumar and D. Rajyalakshmi.
Nagpur, Dept. of Library & Information Science, 2006.
amï´>g§V VwH$S>moOr _hmamO ZmJnya {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ
{d^mJmg gZ 2006 _Ü`o 50 df©o nyU© Pmbr. ho gwdU©_hmoËgdr df© gmOao H$aÊ`mÀ`m
{Z{_ÎmmZo J§«Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ {d^mJmZo EH$ amï´>r` n[ag§dmX 10 Vo 12 Zmoìho§~a
2006 Xaå`mZ Am`mo{OV Ho$bm hmoVm. `m n[ag§dmXmV gmXa Ho$boë`m boIm§Mo g§H$bZ
åhUOo gXaMm J«§W hmo`.
J«§WmMm _w»` {df` J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ {ejUmMo _yë`m§H$Z d _yë`m§H$ZmMo
{ZH$f Agm Amho. gXa J«§Wm_Ü`o EHy$U 59 boIm§Mm g_mdoe Amho. Ë`m§n¡H$s 53 boI
B§J«Or ^mfoV Va nmM boI _amR>r ^mfoV AmhoV. EH$ boI qhXr ^mfoV {bhbobm Amho.
J«§WmVrb boI nwT>rb Mma ^mJm§_Ü`o {d^mJbo AmhoV
`mM ^mJmV "_m{hVr gmjaVm' `m {df`mÀ`m {d{dY KQ>H$m§~m~V _m{hVr XoUmao boI
AmhoV.
J«§WmÀ`m {Vgè`m ^mJmVrb boI J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ {ejUmÀ`m JwUdÎmm
_mnZmÀ`m {ZH$fm§er g§~{§ YV AmhoV. Aä`mgH«$_, àH$ën, _yë`_mnZ nÕVr, BË`mXtgh
BVa AZoH$ JwUdÎmm_mnH$ {ZH$fm§Mr MMm© `m ^mJmVrb boIm§_Ü`o Ho$bobr Amho.
AÜ`mnZ nÕVr hmhr EH$ _hÎdmMm JwUdÎmm_mnH$ {ZH$f Amho. AÜ`mnZ
nÕVrg§~§YrMo boI J«§WmÀ`m Mm¡Ï`m ^mJm_Ü`o {Xbobo AmhoV. `m_Ü`o J«§Wmb` d
_m{hVremñÌmVrb {d{dY {df` {eH${dVmZm Cn`wV R>aUmè`m doJdoJiçm
AÜ``ZnÕVtMo {ddoMZ `m ^mJmVrb boIm§_Ü`o H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho. VgoM BboQ´>m{ZH$
gmYZm§Mr AÜ`mnZmVrb Cn`wVVm ñnï> H$aUmao boIhr J«§WmÀ`m `mM ^mJmV AmhoV.
J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ {ejUmMr gÚ
pñWVr d JwUdÎmm _mnZmMo {ZH$f
OmUyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r gXaMm J«§W Cn`wV R>aob.
ooo
1. LIS Education and Research,
2. LIS Best Practices,
3. Quality Indicators for Assessment,
4. Teaching methods.
n{hë`m ^mJmVrb boIm§_Ü`o ^maVmVrb J«W§ mb`emñÌ {ejUmMr gÚ
pñWVr,
g_ñ`m d Cnm` `m§Mr MMm© Ho$bobr Amho. `mM ^mJmVrb boIm§_Ü`o {deofV:
_hmamï´>mVrb E_.{b~ d nrEM.S>r. ñVamdarb g§emoYZmMo {díbofUhr gmXa Ho$bo
Amho.
{d{dY J«W§ mb`o CÎm_ H$m`©nÕVrÛmao JwUdÎmmnyU© godm nwadrV AgVmV. Aem
'Best Practices' À`m AZoH$ Ho$g ñQ>S>rO boIm§_Ü`o gmXa Ho$boë`m AmhoV. J«§WmÀ`m
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
40
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
41
{dO` XodYa
➤ {Z`moOZ
Plan
AmnUmg H$m` hdo ho {ZpíMV H$aUo
{H«$`m
Act
➤
g§nyU© JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ ho AZoH$ ì`dñWmnZ V§Ìm§n¡H$s
EH$ V§Ì. boIH$mZo `m boIm_Ü`o g§nyU© JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ
åhUOo H$m` d JwUdÎmm _moOÊ`mMo _mnX§S> `m§Mr MMm© Ho$br
Amho. VgoM J«§Wmb`mgmR>r JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ H$m`©H«$_ H$gm
Am`mo{OV H$amdm `mMr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho.
{deof Omoa {Xbm hmoVm. JwUdÎmmnyU© CËnmXZmgmR>r ì`dñWmnZmg {Z`moOZmgmR>r
emñÌr` Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ `moOZm H$aUo, Zo_`m CËnmXZ nÕVrMm Am{U à{H««$`m§Mm dmna,
CËnm{XV dñVy Am{U Ë`mÀ`m à{H«$`m `mda gmVË`mZo bj R>odUo, Ooìhm Ooìhm g_ñ`m
{Z_m©U hmoVrb Ë`m doir `mo½` Vo {ZU©` KoD$Z g_ñ`m§Mo {ZamH$aU H$aUo Am{U naV
Amnë`m {Z`moOZ à{H«$`on`ªV OmUo `m {R>H$mUr S>oq_J `m§Mo nrS>rgrE ho MH«$ nyU©
hmoVo.
(1) J«W
§ mb` ì`dñWmnZ n[aM`
J«§Wmb` d _m{hVr H|$Ð ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m `eñdr nyV©VogmR>r ì`dñWmnZmVrb
H$m`©o, ^y{_H$m Am{U H$m¡eë` `m§Mr gm§JS> KmVbr nm{hOo. ì`dñWmnH$s` H$m`m©V
_Zwî`~i g_Ýd`, _m{hVr V§ÌkmZ Am{U Am{W©H$ òmoV `m§Mm g_Ýd` g§ñWoÀ`m
Ü`o`nyVugmR>r H$aUo `mMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. {ZU©`j_Vm, {Z`moOZ Am{U V§ÌkmZmMm
Zo_H$m nyU© Cn`moJ ho emñÌr` Ñ{ï>H$moZmMo J_H$ Amho. gd© àH$maÀ`m gw{Z`mo{OV
H$m`m©V Am{U H$m`m©b`mV ì`dñWmnH$s` V§ÌmMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. J«§Wmb`
ì`dñWmnZmgmR>rhr EImÚm H«$sS>m _hmoËgdmMo g§`moOZ dm ZJan[afXoMo H$m`© `mV
dmnaë`m OmUmè`m ì`dñWmnH$s` V§ÌmMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. J«§Wnmb dm _m{hVr
ì`dñWmnH$ hm Ooìhm EH$nmÌr H$m`© H$arV AgVmo Ë`m doir Vmo J«W§ mb`mgmR>r {ZYrMr
CnbãYr H$ê$Z KoUo, ^{dî`H$mbrZ `moOZm R>a{dUo, ZdrZ godm§Mr CnbãYr H$aUo
`mM~amo~a ì`dñWmnZ Am{U BVa J«W§ mb`mg§~{§ YV ì`Vter g§nH©$ gmYyZ J«W§ mb`mÀ`m
C{Ôï>m§Mr nyV©Vm H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`m ì`dñWmnH$s` H$m¡eë`mMm dmna H$aVmo. S>oq_J
`m§Mr "nrS>rgrE' (PDCA) MH«$ ho AmOhr dmnamV Agbo Var Ooìhm Ë`m§Mr g§H$ënZm
_m§S>br Jobr Voìhm Ë`mV JwUdÎmogmR>r ì`dñWmnZmMr ~m§{YbH$s øm Zì`m {dMmamda
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
42
gVV gwYmaUm
➤
J«W
§ mb`mgmR>r JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ :
J«W
§ mb` ì`dñWmnZ nÕVrV JwUdÎmoMr ^y{_H$m
H¥$Vr H$aUo
H$m`©
Do
H$m`m©Vrb AS>MU nmhUo
VnmgUr
Check
➤
Amnë`m X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmVhr `mVrb ~è`mM Jmoï>r AmnU {dMmamV KoD$Z
Ë`mà_mUo Ë`mMr A§_b~OmdUr H$arV AgVmo Am{U Ë`mMm bm^ H$m` hmoVmo hohr
AmnU AZw^dV AgVmo.
(2) JwUdÎmm åhUOo H$m`
Am§Vaamï´>r` à_mUH$ g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ì`m»`oà_mUo JwUdÎmm åhUOo hoVy gmÜ`
hmoÊ`mgmR>r gj_Vm AgUo. JwUdÎmm hr OJ^a Mm§Jbr Jmoï> åhUyZ n[a{MV Amho. Á`m
doir AmnU hr dñVy XO©Xo ma Amho Ago åhUVmo Ë`mMm AW©M Vr dñVy gd© H$m`©o ì`dpñWV
nma nmS>V AgVo. Ë`mMà_mUo AmnU Ooìhm XO©oXma godoMm CoI H$aVmo Ë`mMm AW© Vr
godm Ho$di Amnbr JaO ^mJdV ZgyZ Ë`mÀ`mhr nbrH$S>o OmD$Z A{Ve` AmH$f©H$nUo
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
43
_¡ÌrnyU© gmhmæ`mZo Am{U ñdmJVmh© Aem dmVmdaUmV {Xbr OmVo. Am`EgAmo 90009004 hr à_mUH$ _mbm JwUdÎmoÀ`m h_rgmR>r Am`EgAmoÀ`m Vm§{ÌH$ g{_VrZo V`ma
Ho$bobr àboI _mJ©X{e©H$m Amho.
(3) JwUdÎmm nÕVr/ì`dñWm
JwUdÎmm ì`dñWm qH$dm nÕVrgmR>r _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo, _mJ©X{e©H$m `m§Mr Amdí`H$Vm
Amho. AmnU Oo H$m`© H$arV AmhmoV Am{U Vo H$m`_ XO©oXma Agmdo åhUyZ H$m`©nÕVr
g{dñVa Zm|XdyZ R>odUo Amdí`H$ Amho. {b{IV ñdê$nmV H$m` H$am`Mo, H$go H$am`Mo
Am{U Ogo Ano{jV Amho VgoM H$am`Mo åhUOo AmnU H$m` H$aVmo ho gm§JVmZm AmnU
H$m` gm§{JVbo VgoM Ho$bo. Ë`mM~amo~a gyMZmg§MmMrXoIrb Amdí`H$Vm Amho. H$m`©
H$aVmZmÀ`m gyMZm, narjUmgmR>r gyMZm, ghO gmoß`m ^mfoVrb `m gyMZm§_wio H$m`m©Mm
XO©oXmanUm amIÊ`mg _XVM hmoUma Amho. JwUdÎmm `moOZm, JwUdÎmm _mJ©X{e©H$m Am{U
Ë`mM~amo~a JwUdÎmm VnmgUrMo {ZH$f `m§Mr g{dñVa _m{hVr _mJ©X{e©Ho$V Agë`mZo
JwUdÎmm gmVË` amIbo OmB©b.
(4) JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ n[aM`
JwUdÎmm dm XOm© hm H$moUË`mhr àH$maÀ`m g§ñWoV, CËnmXZmV dm godoV JmR>Vm
`oB©b. ~è`mM doim JwUdÎmoMm nmR>nwamdm H$aUo åhUOo Amnë`m H$m`m©g _`m©Xm KmbUo
hmo`. åhUOoM Oo Ho$bo Vo Mm§Jbo Ho$bo. Omogo\$ OwamZ `m§Zr JwUdÎmoMm àíZ hm
ì`dñWmnH$s` {H«$`m Á`mà_mUo ì`yhmË_H$ àíZ, Am{W©H$ àíZ dm BVa àíZm§H$S>o
ì`dñWmnZ Á`m nÕVrZo hmVmiVo VoM {ZH$f JwUdÎmoMo àíZ gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r dmnabo
nm{hOoV. Ë`m§Zr JwUdÎmm {Z`moOZ, JwUdÎmm {Z`§ÌU Am{U JwUdÎmm gwYmaUm `m {ÌgyÌrMo
EH$ÌrH$aU Amdí`H$ Agë`mMo Amnë`m "JwUdÎmm {ÌgyÌr'VyZ _m§S>bo Amho.
JwUdÎmm {Z`moOZ
4.1 JwUdÎmm {Z`moOZ
Amho.
·
·
·
·
·
·
JwUdÎmm {Z`moOZmgmR>r ì`dñWmnH$mg Imbrb Jmoï>tMr OmU AgUo Amdí`H$
Amnbo J«mhH$ / Cn^moVo `m§Mm emoY Am{U Ë`m§À`m JaOm OmUUo.
JwUdÎmm C{Ôï>
JwUdÎmm C{Ôï>nyVugmR>r JwUdÎmm `moOZm V`ma H$aUo.
JwUdÎmoMo _yë`m§H$Z H$aÊ`mÀ`m nÕVr/_mJ©
`moOZoÀ`m H¥$VrgmR>r Am{W©H$ òmoV dJ© H$aUo.
`moOZmnyVugmR>r `mo½` Vr H$madmB© H$aUo.
4.2 JwUdÎmm {Z`§ÌU
·
·
·
·
JwUdÎmm {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Imbrb Jmoï>tMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho.
AW©nyU© JwUdÎmm _mnX§S>mMr {Z{_©Vr
H¥$VrMo _yë`_mnZ
àË`j H$m_{JarMm JwUdÎmm C{Ôï>m§~amo~a Vm¡b{ZH$ Aä`mg
CUrdm, ÌwQ>r Xya H$aÊ`mgmR>r H¥$Vr
4.3 JwUdÎmm gwYmaUm
·
·
·
dm`m OmÊ`mMo à_mU {H$_mZ amIUo.
H$m_Jmam§À`m g_mYmZmV gwYmaUm H$aUo.
J«mhH$/Cn^moVo `m§À`m g_mYmZmH$S>o {deof bj XoUo.
(5) g§nU
y © JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ
(Total Quality Management (TQM))
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
44
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
45
➤
JwUdÎmm {ÌgyÌr
(dm°{bQ>r Q´>m`bm°Or)
J«mhH$m§À`m JaOm§er H|${Ð^yV Am{U ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m gh^mJmZo gmVË`mZo
gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mgmR>r àñWm{nV Ho$bobr ì`dñWm åhUOo g§nyU© JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ
Ago åhUVm `oB©b. S>oq_J `m§À`m g§nyU© JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZV§ÌmMm Adb§~ Ho$ë`mZo
OnmZbm A^yVnyd© Aem Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmMm AZw^d Ambm. g§nyU© JwUdÎmm
ì`dñWmnZmVrb _hÎdmMo KQ>H$ åhUOo H$_©Mmè`m§Mm g§nyU© gh^mJ Am{U Ë`mgmR>r
gmVË`mZo à{ejUmMr ì`dñWm, g_ñ`m§Mo CH$b H$aUmam H$m`©H$mar JQ>, gm§p»`H$s
nÕVrVyZ Aä`mg, C{ÔîQ>m§Mr {ZpíMVr Am{U Ë`mà_mUo _mZ{gH$Vm V`ma H$aUo;
H$maU ì`Vr_wio Zmhr Va ì`dñWo_wio AH$m`©j_Vm {Z_m©U hmoVo.
➤
JwUdÎmm {Z`§ÌU
➤
JwUdÎmm gwYmaUm
(6) g§ñWoMo JwUdÎmoMo C{Ôï>
J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVr H|$Ðm§À`m ì`dñWmnZmV g§ñWoMo hoVy R>iH$nUo _m§S>Uo
ì`mdgm{`H$ g§~§YmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ _hÎdmMo Amho. J«§Wmb`mMm g§J«h {dH$mg Am{U
godm `m C{Ôï>nyVu H$aÊ`mg nyaH$ AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
(7) Ah©Vm H$m`©jÌo gr_m
J«§Wmb`mÀ`m H$m_{JarMo _yë`_mnZ qH$dm _mnX§S> R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb
KQ>H$m§Mm {dMma H$amdm bmJUma Amho.
(1) gd©gm_mÝ` dmMH$mMo g_mYmZ : J«§Wmb`mÀ`m ghO d gwb^ Cn`moJmgmR>r
dmMH$m§Mo _ZmoJV OmUyZ KoUo.
(2) XodKod {d^mJmZo R>odboë`m dmMZgm{hË` XodKodrÀ`m AmH$S>odmarVyZ Xo` dmMZ
gm{hË`mMr AmH$S>odmar
(3) J«W§ mb`mVM dmnaë`m OmUmè`m dmMZgm{hË`mMr _moOXmX dmMZgm{hË` OmJoda
naV R>odÊ`mnydu H$aUo. `mVyZ J«§Wmb`mVM dmnaë`m Joboë`m dmMZgm{hË`mMr
AmH$S>odmar CnbãY hmoB©b.
(4) gm{hË`mMr CnbãYr : dmMH$m§À`m `eñdr emoYà{H«$`oVZy CnbãY AgUmè`m
dmMZgm{hË`mMr Q>¸o$dmar R>odUo.
(5) _mJUrH¥$V gm{hË`mÀ`m nwadR>çmg hmoUmam {db§~ : dmMH$m§Zr _mJUr Ho$bobo
dmMZgm{hË` bJoM CnbãY ZgUo; H$maU Vo OmJoda ZgUo dm J«§Wmb`mVM
ZgUo `m_wio hmoUmam {db§~. `mV _mJUr Zm|X godm, Am§VaJ«§Wmb` XodKod,
^m§SmamVyZ nwZàm©ár qH$dm àboI {dVaU godo_m\©$V {Xbo OmV Agë`mZo {db§~
hmoV AgVmo. Vmo J«§Wmb`mÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmer {ZJ{S>V AgVmo.
(6) dmMH$m§À`m ^oQ>r : dmMH$m§À`m J«§Wmb`mV hmoUmè`m àdoemMr Zm|X, AmH$S>odmar
R>odUo.
(7) XyañW dmMH$ : `mV dmMH$ àË`j J«§Wmb`mV Z `oVm dmMZgm{hË`mVrb àboI
{dVaU, Vm{bH$m, _m{hVr g§M{`H$m emoY XyaÜdZr, \°$g, B©-_ob `m§À`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ dmMZgm{hË`mMm emoY KoV AgVmo.
(8) gw{dYm dmnamMr AmH$S>odmar : J«§Wmb` Amnë`m dmMH$m§Zm doJdoJiçm gw{dYm
dmMZH$j, d¡`pVH$ dmMZH$j, àboI à{Vàmár, MMm©gÌH$j, àboI ^mfm§Va,
g§JUH$ H$m`©ñWmZ, B§Q>aZoQ>, BË`mXr godm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVo. `mÀ`m àË`j
dmnamMr Am{U {ZpîH«$` doioMr AmH$S>odmar R>odUo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
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(9) godmñWmZm§Mm Cn`moJ : Á`m {R>H$mUr J«§Wmb`godH$ CnbãY AmhoV Aem godmñWmZm§À`m {R>H$mUr {H$Vr dmMH$m§Zm godm {Xbr OmVo `mMr doiào _mUo AmH$S>do mar
R>odUo. `mV godmñWi {XdgmV AmR> Vmg CKS>o Agob Va Ë`mVrb {H$Vr Vmg
Ë`mMm àË`j dmna Pmbm d {H$Vr doi Vo {ZpîH«$` hmoVo `mMr Zm|X R>odUo.
(10) B_maV dmna : J«§Wmb` B_maVrV `oUmè`m dmMH$m§Mr gamgar Zm|X R>odUo.
(11) g§X^© hñVm§VaU : hm EH$ _m{hVr g§nH©$ AgyZ Á`mV kmZ, Cn`moJ, {e\$mag,
{ddoMZ dm gyMZm, AmXoe hm EH$ dm AZoH$ _m{hVr òmoVm§er J«§Wmb` godH$m§Zr
gmYbobm g§nH©$ Amho.
(12) g§X^© Vwï>rH$aU/g_mYmZH$maH$ g§X^©godm : dmMH$mZo g§X^©godoMr _mJUr
Ho$ë`mZ§Va àË`j Ë`m godoMr nyVu hmoB©n`ªV gd©ojU nÕVrZo g§X^m©Mr g_n©H$Vm,
_m{hVrMr ì`már, _mJUrMr {H$VnV nyV©Vm Pmbr, J«§Wmb` godH$m§Mo ghH$m`©
Am{U dmMH$m§Mo EHy$U g_mYmZ `m n§MgyÌrÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ dmMH$m§H$Sy>Z godoMo
_yë`m§H$Z H$amdo.
(13) àË`j _m{hVr g§M{`H$m emoY g_mYmZ : Aem godm§Mo dmMH$m§H$Sy>Z _yë`m§H$Z
H$ê$Z KoUo. `mVhr darb nmM gyÌm§Mm AmYma ¿`mdm.
(8) à{V{H«$`m Am{U Ë`m§Mo _yë`m§H$Z nÕVr
godVo§ J©V dmMH$m§À`m à{V{H«$`m AO_mdÊ`mÀ`m AZoH$ g§Yr doimodi
o r J«W§ mb`mV
dmMH$ Am{U godH$ `m§§À`m àË`j g§nH$m©_wio `oV AgVmV (CXm. XodKod {d^mJ). `m
{R>H$mUr dmMH$m§À`m à{V{H«$`m§Zm J«§Wmb` godH$mZo XmX XoUo, OmUyZ KoUo Am{U Ë`m
ì`dñWmnZmn`ªV nmohmoM{dUo. `mgmR>r gj_ Aem `§ÌUoMr {Z{_©Vr H$ê$Z ì`dñWmnZmZo
Aem à{V{H«$`m§Mm Aä`mg H$ê$Z Ë`mda n[aUm_H$maH$ Cnm``moOZm Am{U H¥$Vr
H$aUo.
(9) gwYmaUm gmVË`
gwYmaUm gmVË` åhUOo EH$Xm gwYmaUm Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ë`m JQ>mMo {dgO©Z Z H$aVm
gVV gwYmaUm§Mm nmR>nwamdm H$arV amhUo ho `mV Ano{jV Amho. hr EH$ gVV MmbUmar,
gVV bmJUmar à{H«$`m Amho Am{U `mV gmVË`mZo dmT> hmoV AgVo. dmMH$, dmVmdaU
Am{U V§Ìo `mV {dH$mgm_wio gVV ~Xb hmoV Amho. Ë`m_wio dmMH$m§À`m JaOm, Anojm
`mVhr ~Xb hmoV AgVmo. Á`m doir dmMH$m§À`m JaOm§V ~Xb hmoVmo Ë`m doir {Za{Zamir
V§Ìo, à{H«$`m§Mr JaO ^mgVo. V§ÌkmZmV A{Ve` doJmZo ~Xb hmoV AmhoV. AmOMo
V§ÌkmZ CÚm OwZmQ> R>aV Amho Am{U `m ~XbË`m àdmhm~amo~a amhÊ`mgmR>r gmVË`mZo
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
47
~Xbm§Mm, gwYmaUm§Mm ñdrH$ma H$aUo J«§Wmb`m§Zm An[ahm`© R>abo Amho.
{dÎm
(10) J«W
§ mb`m§gmR>r JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ H$m`©H$« _
gdmªV _hÎdmMm KQ>H$ J«§Wmb`mg {_iUmao AW©gmhmæ` Am{U BVa _mÜ`_m§VyZ
CnbãY hmoD$ eH$Umao AW©gmhmæ`. gwairV J«§Wmb`rZ godogmR>r `mMr JaO Amho.
dmMH$m§Zm gmVË`mZo XO©oXma godm XoÊ`mgmR>r J«§Wmb`mZo JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ
H$m`©H«$_mMm A§JrH$ma H$aUo hm EH$M n`m©` Amho. JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZmMm ñdrH$ma
H$aÊ`mnydu EH$m Jmoï>rMr IyUJmR> ~m§YUo Amdí`H$ Amho Am{U Vr Amho ì`dñWmnZmMr
`m H$m`©H«$_mgmR>r g§nyU© Am{U XrK©H$mbrZ ~m§{YbH$s. JwUdÎmoMo Xwdo AmoiIUo Am{U
OmUUo hm n{hbm Q>ßnm Amho. JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r J«§Wnmbm§Zr àmYmÝ`mZo àW_
dmMH$m§À`m JaOm Am{U Anojm `mMr _m{hVr H$ê$Z KoUo, `mgmR>r H$m`©nÕVr hþS>Hy$Z
Ë`mMo _yë`m§H$Z hm Xwgam Q>ßnm. `m à{H«$`m§À`m àË`j A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r EH$ àmê$n
AmamIS>m / àH$ën V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`mMr hmVmiUr H$aUo hm Amho {Vgam Qßnm. Va
`mgmR>r godH$m§Zm `mo½` Ago à{ejU XoD$Z V`ma H$aUo hm Amho MdWm Q>ßnm.
J«W
§ mb`m§gmR>r gm_mÝ` `§ÌUm Z_wZm
(A)
nÕVr, gmYZ,
_Zwî`~i, {dÎm
(~)
➤ J«§Wmb` R>odm, godm,
gw{dYm XoUo
(H$)
w d, bm^
➤ H$m`m©Z^
JǤWmb` R>odm
J«W§ mb` g§Jh«
godm
gw{dYm
nwñVH$
VmËH$mi XodKod
dmMH$m§Zm ghO dmnaVm `oUmar
KZ V~H$S>çm
Ahdmb
X§S>g§Ho$VmMm dmna
àM{bV OmJê$H$Vm godm
{ZdS>H$ _m{hVrMo àgmaU
g§JUH$ Vm{bH$m
B§Q>aZoQ>Mr CnbãYr
N>m`m{MÌn«V, à{Vê$n àboI
`m godm§_i
w o àmá Pmboë`m AZw^dmZo `§ÌUoV `mo½` Am{U Amdí`H$ ~Xb doimodi
o r
H$aUo Oo dmMH$m§À`m _mJUrMr nyV©Vm H$ê$ eH$Vrb.
J«§Wmb`mÀ`m {d{dY godm§_Ü`o gmVË`mZo gwYmaUm H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho Am{U
`m gwYmaUm J«§Wmb` godH$m§Zr {dMmanyd©H$ Am{U Amnbr ~m§{YbH$s bjmV R>odyZ
Ho$ë`m nm{hOo.
➤
J«W
§ mb`mgmR>r g§nU
y © JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ H$m`©dmhr
➤
(S>)
à{V{H«$`m
nÕVr åhUOo J«§Wmb`mV dmnabr OmUmar dJuH$aU nÕV Á`m_wio dmMZ
gm{hË`mMm emoY KoUo Am{U gm{hË` naV OmJoda R>odUo. Vm{bH$sH$aUm_wio dmMH$mg
J«§Wmb`mV AgUmè`m dmMZgm{hË`mMm _mJmodm KoVm `oVmo. åhUyZM AmnU J«§Wmb`
Vm{bHo$g J«W§ mb`mMm Amagm Ago g§~moYVmo. H$maU dmMH$mg Ë`mV {XgVo Vo J«W§ mb`mMo
à{Vq~~.
gmYZ åhUOo dmMH$m§Zm Ë`m§À`m JaOog nwao nS>Umao {Za{Zamiçm àH$maMo dmMZgm{hË` `mV nwñVHo$, {Z`VH$m{bHo$, kmZH$moe, eãXH$moe, gmagyMr `m§Mm g_mdoe
hmoVmo. _Zwî`~i J«§Wmb`mV {Za{Zamiçm {d^mJm§gmR>r, H$m`m©gmR>r CnbãY Ho$bobo
J«W§ mb` godH$.
kmZJ§JmoÌr
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48
{ga{H$Z `m§Zr gwM{dboë`m g§nyU© JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ H$m`©dmhrÀ`m _mJ©Xe©H$
VÎdm§Mm ñdrH$ma J«W§ mb`m§Zm Z¸$sM bm^Xm`H$ R>aUma Amho. hr _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdo AmhoV· godm _m{hVr nwpñVH$m / _mJ©X{e©Ho$Mr {Z{_©Vr
· {Z`{_V dmMH$ gd©j
o U
· àVrH$m§V gwYmaUm
· H$m_H$mO doimV H$mbZwê$n ~Xb
· dmMZgm{hË` naV XoÊ`mgmR>r gwQ>gwQ>rV nÕVr
· dmMZgm{hË` J«§Wm~mhoa ZoÊ`mg gmonr, gwQ>gwQ>rV nÕVr
· H$_©Mmè`m§Zm XoÊ`mV `oUmè`m H$m_mV bdMrH$Vm
· ñWm{ZH$ emgZmer ghH$m`©
· {dH«o$Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m CËnmXZmMo gmXarH$aU H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm H$aUo.
· ZdrZ godH$m§Zm g§nyU© nWXe©H$ à{ejU
kmZJ§JmoÌr
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J«W
§ mb` d _m{hVremñÌmer g§~{§ YV _mo\$V
B©-OZ©ëg
Am§Va{d^mJr` J«W§ mb` g{_VrMr ñWmnZm
J«§Wmb`mÀ`m ~møê$nmV / _m§S>UrV gwYmaUm H$aUo.
VH«$marMm / gyMZm§Mm gmVË`mZo _mJmodm Am{U nmR>nwamdm
H$m`©j_ g§nH©$ nÕVrMr {Z{_©Vr
CnJ«h _mÜ`_ H$m`m©b`mMr {Z{_©Vr
gwYmaUm Am{U ZdrZ godm§Zm doimodoir à{gÕr XoUo.
dmMH$ Am{U H$_©Mmar `m§gmR>r à{ejU gmYZmMr {Z{_©Vr
{d{eï> JQ>m§gmR>r godm§Mo H|$ÐrH$aU
àboI à{VàmárgmR>r AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmMm dmna
g§ñWoÀ`m C{Ôï>m§Zm gVV S>moiçm§g_moa R>odyZ H$m`© H$aUo.
gwhmñ` dXZmZo `m gd© Jmoï>r H$aUo.
g§H$bZ : S>m°. Eg.E.EZ. BZm_Xma
g§X^©gM
y r
(1) nÙlr (Eg), dm{bQ>r _°ZoO_|Q> \$m°a bm`~«arO - X amob Am°\$ ¹$m{bQ>r BZ
bm`~«ar _°ZoO_|Q> {gñQ>r_, Eg.Ama.B.Eb.Eg. OZ©b Am°\$ BÝ\$m°a_oeZ
_°ZO
o _|Q> 43 (2), OyZ 2006, nm.137-148.
(2) ~«mo\$s ({nQ>a), H$m°qbJ (Ho$Q>), ¹$m{bQ>r _°ZoO_|Q> A±S> bm`~«ar gm`Ýg \$m°a
BÝ\$m°a_oeZ _°ZoO_|Q>. _w§~B©, O`H$mo npãbqeJ hmD$g, 1997.
(3) Á`wamo (Eg) Am{U ~Zm©S> (Eg.~r.), g§nmXH$, B§{Q>J«oqQ>J Q>moQ>b _°ZoO_|Q> BZ X
bm`~«ar goqQ>J, q~Jho_Q>Z Ý`y`m°H©$, hm°dW© àog, 1993.
(4) bmb (EM), Q>moQ>b ¹$m{bQ>r _°ZoO_|Q> : E à°pQ>H$b A°àmoM. Ý`y {Xr, Ý`y EO
B§Q>aZ°eZb npãbeg© {b. 1995.
(5) {ga{H$Z (E.E\$.), H$ñQ>_a gpìh©g : AZXa gmB©S> Am°\$ {Q>`yE_Eg, OZ©b
Am°\$ bm`~«ar A°S>{_{ZñQ´>e
o Z, 18 (1/2) 1993, nm. 71-83.
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr
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50
OJmVrb gd©M kmZemIm§à_mUo J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ
{df`mdarbhr ~arMer _m{hVr B§Q>aZoQ>da CnbãY Ho$br OmV
Amho. J«W§ mb`emñÌmdarb ZdrZ _m{hVr B©-OZ©ëgÛmao CnbãY
hmoV Amho. gXa g§H$bZm_Ü`o J«§Wmb`emñÌmdarb _mo\$V B©OZ© ë gMo do ~ nÎmo {Xbo b o Amho V . Vgo M Virtual
LibrariesMr Zmdohr {Xbobr AmhoV. gXa _m{hVrMm Cn`moJ
H$ê$Z B§Q>aZoQ>dê$Z J«§Wmb`emñÌmer g§~§{YV boI emoYVm
`oVrb.
J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌmÀ`m joÌmV g§JUH$mÀ`m àdoem_wio EH$m Zd`wJmMr
gwédmV Pmbr. J«§Wmb`mÀ`m nma§n[aH$ ì`dñWmnH$s` d _m{hVrgodm§À`m àH$mam_Ü`o
Am_ybmJ« ~Xb Pmbo d g§JUH$mÀ`m gmømZo gd©M H¥$Vr AMyH$ d ObX H$aÊ`m_Ü`o
J«W§ nmbm§Zm _moR>çm à_mUmV `e {_iy bmJbo. nma§n[aH$ J«W§ mb` ì`dñWm§Mo d à{H«$`m§Mo
AmH«$_H$nUo nwañH$ma H$aUmao OwÝ`m {nTrVrb J«W§ nmbhr H$mimÀ`m AmoKmV g§JUH$mÀ`m
J«§Wmb`mVrb hmoUmè`m Cn`moJmMo àe§gH$ ~Zbo d Zì`m ~Xbm§Zm gm_moao OmÊ`mgmR>r
ZdrZ {nT>rVrb J«§Wnmbm§Zm àmoËgmhZ XoD$ bmJbo. ^maVdfm©Vrb gd©gmYmaU gd©M
{dÚmnrR>mÀ§ `m J«W§ mb` d _m{hVremñÌ Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m {df`m§VJªV g§JUH$ `m {df`mMm
H$_rOmñV à_mUmV g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm d VXZ§Va Iè`m AWm©Zo J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o
H«$m§{VH$maH$ ~Xb Pmbo. gmYmaUV: 1980À`m H$mimV {deof J«W§ mb`m§_Ü`o g§JUH$mMm
à`moJ gwê$ Pmbm hmoVm.
àmW{_H$ AdñWoV J«§Wmb`mVrb g§JUH$mÀ`m à`moJm~m~V g§^«_mdñWmM hmoVr.
\$V _m{hVr ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m H$mhr ^mJmnwaVmM `mMm Cn`moJ hmoD$ eHo$b Agm
kmZJ§JmoÌr
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H$`mg hmoVm. VWm{n, ZdZdrZ g§emoYZm_wio AmO AmnU {S>{OQ>b J«§Wmb` qH$dm
ìhÀ`w©Ab bm`~«arÀ`m ñdê$nmV àM§S> à_mUmV hmoUmar {Z{_©Vr d `m _m{hVrÀ`m
n[añ\$moQ>mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {_iUmè`m _moR>çm à_mUmVrb _m{hVrMo ì`dñWmnZ
H$aVmH$aVm J«§Wnmbm§Mr X_N>mH$ hmoV AgVmZM Ë`m§À`m _XVrbm g§JUH$ Ambo d
Iè`m AWm©Zo J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ `m joÌmV J«§Wnmb godm§Mm gwdU©H$mi gwê$
Pmbm Ago åhQ>bo Va dmdJo R>ê$ Z`o. B§Q>aZoQ>À`m gmo`r_wio d B©-àH$meZÀ`m gmo`r_wio
Iyn _m{hVr {dÚmÏ`mªZm àmá hmoD$ bmJbr.
hr _m{hVr _wV {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m gd©M {dÚmÏ`mªZm àmá H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr
_mo\$V B©-OZ©ëgÀ`m do~gmB©Q>g EH$Ì Ho$boë`m AmhoV. VgoM H$mhr {S>{OQ>b d ìhÀ`©A
w b
J«§Wmb`mMr `mXr àñVwV H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mVrb nyU© _m{hVr
\y$b Q>oñQ>À`m ñdê$nmV _mo\$V CnbãY AgyZ {dÚmWu hr _m{hVr g§H${bV H$ê$Z R>ody
eH$VmV d Aä`mgH«$_mÀ`m JaOoÀ`m {R>H$mUr Ë`mMm à`moJ H$ê$ eH$VmV.
_mo\$V B©-OZ©ëgMr `mXr
(1) http://informationr.net/ir/ : Information Research: an International Electronic Journal
(2) http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/ : IBM Journal of
Research and Development
(3) http://inform.nu/ : Informing Science
(4) http://www.istl.org/
: Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship.
(5) http://www.dlib.org. /
: D-Lib Magazine
(6) h t t p : / / w w w . d i g i c u l t . i n f o / d o w n l o a d s /
digicult_newsletter_issue4_lowres.pdf
:
DigiCULT.
Info: a newsletter on Digital Culture
(7) http://jodi.tamu.edu/
: Journal of Digital Information
(8) http:// southernlibrarianship.icaap.org/
: E:JASL : The
Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship
(9) http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/ : Journal of Electronic
Publishing
(10) http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/ : Journal of
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Information, Law and Technology
(11) http://www.ejisdc.org/; EJISDC - The Electronic Journal of
Information Systems in Developing Countries.
(12) http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu./~ mbolin/lpp.htm. : Library
Philosophy and Practice.
(13) http://libres.curtin.edu.au/ : LIBRES : Library and Information Science Research Electronic Journal
(14) http://firstmonday.org/issues/
: First Monday
(15) http://library.cern.ch/HEPLW/
: High Energy Physics
Libraries Webzine
(16) http://www.hb.se/bhs/ith/humanit-eng.htm : Human IT : Journal for Information Technology Studies and a Human Science
(17) http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/index.html
: Bulletin of the
American Society for Information Science and Technology
Imbrb do~gmB©Q> (A) hr lr. Q>r.~r. Kmof J«§Wnmb EZ.Am`.Q>r. gwaV `m§Zr
~Z{dbr AgyZ `m do~gmB©Q>da AZoH$ àH$maMr Cn`wV _m{hVr _mo\$V CnbãY Amho.
A) www. ghoshvlib.tripod.com
LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
All Full Text except BUBL Journals
· Abbey Newsletter : bookbinding and conservation
· ALA Washington News
· American Libraries
· Annual Review of OCLC Research
· Ariadne
· ARL: A Bimonthly Report on Research Library Issues and
Actions from ARL, CNI, and SPARC
· Australian Library Journal
· Biblio Tech Review
· Bid
· BUBL Journals : Library and Information Sciences. Please
click here to get access to more than 100 Journals on Library
and Information Science)
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Chinese Librarianship
CLIR (Council on Library and Information Resources) Issues
CM : Canadian Review of Materials
Computers in Libraries
Contentious (a Web-zine for writers, editors, and other who
create content for online media)
Copyright and new media legal news
Current Cites
D-Lib Magazine A monthly Publication about Digital Library
Digital Library News
Disseminator
EContent
Free Pint
Government Information in Canada
Inforfooram
Information Research
Information Technology and Library (Abstracts)
Internet Resources News Letter
Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship
Journal of Academic Media Librarianship
Journal of Digital Information
Journal of Electronic Publishing
Journal of Library Automation
Journal of Library Services for Distance Education
Law Library Resource Xchange
Liaison
Library Juice
Library of Congress Information Bulletin
Library Philosophy and Practice
LIBRES
Managing Information
Marketing Library Services
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Online
Public Access Computer System Review
Studies in Bibliography : 1948-1997 : 50 years of articles on
literary, historical and bibliographic matters.
South African Journal of Information Management
Transforming Libraries (Abstracts)
Transforming Traditional Libraries
LIBRARIES
(Including Virtual / Digital Libraries)
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Australian Virtual Engineering Library
Brazil Scientific Electronic Library Online
Buffalo Science & Engineering Library
EEVL (Edinburg Virtual Engineering Library)
Digital Library of ACM
Digital Library of Virginia Technological University
Digital Library Project : University of California
Indian Libraries on the Web
Important world - Libraries On The World Wide Web
Internet Public Library
University of Pennsylvania Library
University of Southern Mississipi Library
Linda Hall Library
Virtual Library : Forestry
OTHER VIRTUAL LIBRARIES
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Agriculture
Architectural Engineering
Business and Economics
Chemical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Communications and Media
Computer Science
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AOyZ VmOm dmg OwÝ`mbm
Earth Sciences
Education
Electrical & Electronics Engineening
Geography
Humanities
Information Management
International Affairs
Law
Mechanical Engineering
Medicine
Recreation
Science
Regional Studies
Software Engineering
J«§Wmb`o d J«§Wmb`emñÌ `mg§~§YrMo _hmamO g`mOramd Jm`H$dmS>
`m§Mo {dMma
VgoM ì`dñWmnZemñÌ, AmZbmB©Z g§X^©godm, AZoH$ \w$b Q>oñQ> J«§W,
A{^`m§{ÌH$s g§ñWm§À`m ~m~VrVrb _m{hVr, hr `m do~ noOdê$Z dmMH$ àmá H$ê$Z
KoD$ eH$Vmo.
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
56
J«§Wmb`emñÌ d J«§Wmb`m§À`m àgmamMr Amdí`H$Vm
Amho; VgoM ì`VrÀ`m _mZ{gH$ {dH$mgm_Ü`o J«§Wmb`m§Mr
_hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m Agy eH$Vo; J«W§ nmbmMr H$m_{Jar Ý`m`mYre
d H$boQ>a `m§À`mnojm _moR>r Amho Ago ~S>moXm g§ñWmZmMo
_hmamO g`mOramd Jm`H$dmS> `m§Mo {dMma "bm`~«ar {_gboZr'
`m _m{gH$mÀ`m 1913 À`m I§S> EH$ A§H$ VrZ _Ü`o N>mnbo
AmhoV. Vo `oWo nwZ_©w{ÐV H$aV AmhmoV.
~S>mXo o bm`~«ar b~À`m Zmoìh|~a _{hÝ`mÀ`m g^oV ì`m»`mVo {_. bm°H$© (~S>mXo m
H$m°boOMo {àpÝgnm°b) `m§Zr ~S>moXm H$m°boO_Ü`o nwñVH$mb` emñÌmÀ`m {ejUmMm EH$
"nmoñQ> J«°Á`wEQ>' dJ© CKS>mdm Aer gyMZm Am{Ubr hmoVr. Ë`mg§~§Yr ~mobVmZm lr.
_hmamO gmho~ åhUmbo ""_r `m g^obm Ho$di lmoVm `m ZmË`mZo Ambmo hmoVmo; na§Vw ì`m»`mVo d AÜ`j
`m§Mo J«§Wmb`emñÌmÀ`m {ejUmg§~§Yr CX²Jma EoHy$Z _bmhr ~mobÊ`mMm _moh CËnÞ
Pmbm. Aem àH$maÀ`m dJm©Mr qhXwñWmZmV AË`§V Oéar Amho d ~S>moXo g§ñWmZmVrb
nwñVH$mb`mg§~§YmÀ`m ì`mnH$ Midir_wio ~S>moXo H$m°boOm_Ü`oM Agm dJ© CKS>Uo
AË`§V Bï> {XgVo. Aem dJm©VyZ {ejU {_i{dboë`m J«§Wmb`emñÌ {demaXm§Mr gd©
XoemV bdH$aM Oê$a ^mgUma Amho. Amnë`m g§ñWmZmZo KmbyZ {Xboë`m YS>çmMo
AZwH$aU H$aÊ`mg ~arM Xoer g§ñWmZo V`ma AmhoV d Ë`m§n¡H$s {H$Ë`oH$m§H$Sy>Z øm
H$m_mV {ZîUmV Aem _mUgm§Mr _OH$S>o _mJUrhr Ambr Amho; na§Vw _bm _mhrV
Amho H$s, {_. ~m°S>©Z ho ~S>moÚmVrb J«§Wmb`m§À`m H$m_mV AË`§V _¾ Agë`m_wio
Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m _XVZrgm§Zm BVa {R>H$mUr Aem H$m_mH$[aVm _J ho H$m_ {H$Vrhr
OéarMo Agmo - nmR>{dVm `oUo e` Zmhr; na§Vw Ë`m§Zm øm H$m_mV A{Ve` CËgmh
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
57
dmQ>V Agë`m_wio gd© XoemV øm H$m`m©Mm àgma H$aVrb Aem BVa bmoH$m§Zm Vo {ejU
XoD$Z V`ma H$ê$ eH$Vrb. Aem [aVrZo {_. ~m°S>©Z øm§À`m J«§Wmb` àmdrÊ`mMm d
VXZwf§{JH$ {df`mV ~S>moXo H$m°boOmH$Sy>Z hmoUmè`m _XVrMm Oa \$m`Xm KoVbm Va gd©
XoemV AË`§V {hVH$a Aem EH$m g§ñWoMr ñWmnZm H$[aVm `oB©b. nU hr H$ënZm ZdrZ
Zmhr. {_. ~m°S>©Z Ooìhm àW_ ~S>moÚmV Ambo Voìhm nwñVH$mb`emñÌmV _mo\$V {ejU
XoÊ`mMr øm g§ñWmZmMr V`mar Amho Aem~ÔbMr I~a gd© {R>H$mUr {Xbr hmoVr.
na§Vw Xw:ImMr Jmoï> H$s, ømMm \$m`Xm KoÊ`mg \$maM WmoS>r _§S>ir nwT>o Ambr d Ë`m§Mr
g§»`m \$V ~S>moXo amÁ`mgM nwar nS>Ê`mBVH$s hmoVr. Á`m§Zr øm g§YrMm \$m`Xm
KoVbm Zmhr, Ë`m§Zm J«§Wmb`H$m`m©Mo _hÎd H$iÊ`mBVH$s XyaÑïr> ZìhVr Ago Xw:ImZo
åhUmdo bmJVo; na§Vw gwX¡dmZo AmVm nwÝhm EH$ A_yë` g§Yr Ambr Amho.''
lr. _hmamO gmho~ AmUIr åhUmbo H$s, ""J«§Wmb`mMo XmoZ àH$ma AmhoVB§JO
« r d Xoer. Xmohm|Mmhr àgma H$aUo Bï> Amho. B§JO
« r nwñVH$mb`m§Mm bm^ gw{e{jVm§gM
{_iVmo. ~hþOZg_mOmg {_iUo e` Zmhr. J«W§ mb`mZo Amnë`m kmZm_¥VmMm bm^
B§J«Or OmUUmè`m§nwaVmM _`m©{XV Z H$aVm ~hþOZg_mOmghr Vmo XoÊ`mMm `ËZ H$amdm.
ømgmR>r Xoer J«W§ mb`m§Mm àgma hmoUo Bï> Amho. `mgmR>r Amnë`m amÁ`mV IoS>çmnmS>çm§V
J«§Wmb`o ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMm _mPm CÔoe Amho. na§Vw øm `moOZog bmoH$m§ZrXoIrb Amnë`m
eVrà_mUo _XV H$aUo Oê$a Amho. H$moUVrhr Jmoï> l_m§{edm` gmÜ` hmoV Zmhr.
ñdmW©Ë`mJm{edm` kmZàmár hmoUo e` Zmhr. {h§XwñWmZ Xoe {ZY©Z Amho d Ë`mÀ`m
JaOm ~è`mM AmhoV. na§Vw øm n[apñWVrg Y¡`m©Zo Vm|S> {Xbo nm{hOo. àË`oH$ OZg_mOmZo
Amnë`m n[apñWVrZo ~Õ Z hmoVm {VÀ`m ~mhoa `oÊ`mMm `ËZ Ho$bm nm{hOo d A{YH$m{YH$
kmZ {_i{dUo hr gdmªV _moR>r JaO Amho, d gdmªV _moR>r CUrd Amho, Aer ^mdZm
Ë`mg Pmbr nm{hOo. Ë`m§Zm nwñVH$m§Mr åhUOo Ho$di {MÎmmH$f©H$ ~møm§JmMr qH$dm
gwX§ a {MÌm§Mr Zìho - Va Ë`m§Vrb {df`m§Mr AmdS> dmQy> bmJbr nm{hOo. nwñVHo$ Amnë`m
Or{dVmMo EH$ AË`§V _hÎdmMo A§J Amho Aer Ë`m§Zm OmUrd Pmbr VaM nwñVH$mb`o
hr {Zdi M¡ZrMr gmYZo ZgyZ Amnë`m OrdZmg Ë`m§Mr AË`§V Oê$a Amho Agm g_O
CËnÞ hmoB©b. OrdZ XmoZ àH$maMo Amho, emar[aH$ d _mZ{gH$; Xmohm|Mrhr àË`oH$mg
Oéar Amho. na§Vw Am`wî` gwIr d gmW©H$ {ZdS>Ê`mg _mZ{gH$ OrdZmMr AË`§V Oéar
Amho. _mZ{gH$ OrdZmÀ`m A^mdr AmnUmg ~è`mM {ZgJ©XÎm gwIm§g d g§Yrg Am§Mdmdo
bmJVo. Amnë`m gd© eVr {dH${gV Pmë`m ZmhrV, Voìhm AmnU Ë`m§Mm {dH$mg
Ho$bm nm{hOo d BVam§g Vgo H$aÊ`mg {eH${dbo nm{hOo. ømM H$m`m©gmR>r nwñVH$mb`m§Mm
OÝ_ Amho d ømM H$m`m©gmR>r Vwåhm gdmªMr (J«§Wmb`m{YH$mè`m§Mr) Oê$a Amho.
Vw_Mr H$m_{Jar d O~m~Xmar \$ma _moR>r Amho; Ý`m`mYre d gw^o (H$boQ>a) øm§À`mhÿZhr
_moR>r Amho. Vwåhr gd© g_mOmMo godH$ AmhmV. Voìhm nwñVH$m§Mm A{YH$m{YH$ bm^
KoÊ`mH$S>o Ë`m§Mr _Zo didm d nwT>rb {nT>çm§Zm AmYma^yV Aem ~mbH$dJm©H$S>o Vw_Mo
{deof bj Agy Úm. eodQ>r dmMH$dJ©, _J Vmo H$moUË`mhr XOm©Mm qH$dm dUm©Mm Agmo,
Ë`mÀ`mer ào_i d {dZ`nyU© dV©Z R>odUo ho Vw_Mo AmÚ H$V©ì` Amho d ømdaM Vw_À`m
H$m_mMo nyU© `e Adb§~yZ Amho'' Ago gm§JyZ Amnbo ^mfU nwao Ho$bo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
58
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
59
ooo
boIH$ n[aM`
a_oe gwVma : Am°JñQ> 1992 nmgyZ {\$ë_ à^mJ_Ü`o J«§Wmb` Am{U _m{hVr
ghm`H$ åhUy Z H$m`© a V. 1996 nmgy Z _w § ~ B© _amR> r
J«§Wg§J«hmb`m_m\©$V _w§~B© `oWo Mmb{dë`m OmUmè`m "J«§WnmbZ
à_mUnÌ' `m Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r "{ejH$' åhUyZ H$m`©aV.
`ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wV {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m "~r. Eb.
Am`.Eggr.' `m Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r ê$nmaob H$m°boO `m H|$Ðmda
5 df©o VgoM _m°S>Z© H$m°boO `m H|$Ðmda 1 df© "g§_§ÌH$' åhUyZ
H$m_ Ho$bo. H$m_Jma H$ë`mU H|$Ðm_m\©$V Mmb{dë`m OmUmè`m
J«§WnmbZ à_mUnÌ Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r naob d A§Yoar `m H|$Ðm§da
1997 nmgyZ "{ejH$' åhUyZ H$m`©aV.
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr
gßQ>|~a-Am°Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a 2006
60
kmZJ§JmoÌr
LIB 013
J«W
§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌ
KQ>Zm, KS>m_moS>r, ^mî`
df© 7 do
gßQ>~| a-Am°Q>m~o a-Zmoìh|~a> 2006
A§H$ 2
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lr. _YwH$a eodmio
lr. àdrU KmoS>oñdma
S>m°. àXrn H${U©H$
o g§nmXH$s`
o _hmH$m` A§H$s` kmZXmbZ :
ñdê$n, {dH$mg Am{U AS>MUr
o _hm{dÚmb`rZ J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o _m{hVr
gmjaVm H$m`©H«$_
o bm`~«ar Am°\$ _wpìh¨J B_oOog :
{MÌ\$sV {d^mJmMo {MÌ\$sV J«§Wmb`
o JǤWn[aM`
o J«§Wmb`mgmR>r JwUdÎmm ì`dñWmnZ :
J«§Wmb` ì`dñWmnZ nÕVrV JwUdÎmoMr ^y{_H$m
o J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌmer g§~§{YV
_mo\$V B©-OZ©ëg
o AOyZ VmOm dmg OwÝ`mbm
:
: S>m°. ZmJZmW am. am_Xmgr d
gm¡. _§Owfm Zm. am_Xmgr
2
4
:
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:
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57
:
:
ì`dñWmnH$
lr. _YwH$a eodmio
gwQ>çm A§H$mMr qH$_V
g§ñWm é. 50
dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur
g§ñWm é. 200
© 2006
`ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wV {dÚmnrR>
{Z{_©Vr
lr. AmZ§X `mXd, ì`dñWmnH$, J«§W{Z{_©Vr H|$Ð, `. M. _. _wV {dÚmnrR>
_wÐH$
lr. AaqdX nmoVZrg, lr Am°\$goQ> àog, 7 E, ZmB©g, gmVnya, Zm{eH$ - 7
àH$meH$
S>m°. amO|Ð dS>Zoao, à^mar Hw$bg{Md, `. M. _. _wV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$ - 422 222.
ì`Vr
é. 30
ì`Vr
é. 120
_mJrb A§H$ CnbãYVoZwgma nmR>{dbo OmVrb. dJ©UrMm YZmH$f© (S>rS>r) "{dÎm
A{YH$mar, `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$' `m Zmdo H$mT>bobm Am{U
Zm{eH$ `oWo Xo` Agmdm.
nÌì`dhmamMm nÎmm
dJ©Ur d ì`dñWmnZ - àm. _YwH$a eodmio, ghm`H$ J«§Wnmb, `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamï´>
_wV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$ - 422 222.
g§nmXH$s` (gm{hË` nmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r) - S>m°. amO|Ð Hw§$^ma, 2, A§{H$V, {bQ>b hmQ>©,
ñdm_r g_W© JmS>©ZOdi, {Z_©bm H$m°Ýìh|Q>À`m nmR>r_mJo, J§Jmnya amoS>, Zm{eH$ - 422 013.
l
`m A§H$mV ì`V Pmboë`m _Vm§er g§nmXH$ d g§nmXH$ _§S>i gh_V AgobM Ago Zmhr.
