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ñdê$nm_Ü`o gmVË`mZo ~Xb Pmbobm AmT>iVmo. hñV{b{IVm§nmgyZMm hm àdmg AmVm
BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ dmMZgm{hË`mn`ªV nmohMbm Amho. dmMZgm{hË`mVrb ~Xbmg gm_mdyZ
KoD$Z n[aUm_H$maH$ J«W§ mb`godm XoÊ`mgmR>r J«W§ mb`m§Zr ZdZdrZ ì`dñWmnZ V§Ìm§Mmhr
Adb§ ~ Ho $ bo b m AmT> i Vmo . "kmZJ§ J mo Ì r'À`m MdÏ`m A§ H $m_Ü`o àm_w » `mZo
dmMZgm{hË`mÀ`m ZdrZ ñdê$nm~ÔbMo Am{U ì`dñWmnZm~ÔbMo boI AmhoV.
B©-àH$meZo hm dmMZgm{hË`mMm AbrH$S>o ApñVËdmV Ambobm àH$ma Amho.
B©-àH$meZm§Mo {d{dY àH$ma, Ë`m§Mo JwU{deof, \$m`Xo, VmoQ>o, BË`mXt~m~VMr g{dñVa
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boImV {Xbr Amho.
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CnmO©ZmMm ZdrZ àH$ma åhUOo H$Ýgm°{e©`m. H$Ýgm°{e©`m `m g§H$ënZoMm CJ_ Am{U
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boImV {Xbr Amho. àH$meH$m§À`m Am{U J«W§ mb`m§À`m gmoBÀ© `m Ñï>rZo gÜ`m H$Ýgm°{e©`mMr
{d{dY _m°S>oëghr ApñVËdmV Ambr AmhoV. Ë`mMrhr _m{hVr gXa boImV Amho.
H$Ýgm°{e©`mMo J«§Wmb`o, Cn^moŠVo Am{U àH$meH$m§Zm H$m` \$m`Xo hmoVmV `mMohr {ddoMZ
`m boImV Amho.
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AJm}Zm°{_Šg~Ôb _m{hVr XoV AmhoV. AJm}Zm°{_Šg ho gw`mo½` nÕVrZo H$m`© H$aÊ`mMo
emñÌ Amho. `m emñÌmMm J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o H$gm dmna H$amdm `m~m~VMo {ddoMZ gXa
boImV Amho. AmD$Q>gmo{gªJ åhUOo H$mhr H$m`} EImÚm g§ñWoZo ñdV… Z H$aVm ~mø
g§ ñ Wo H $Sy > Z H$ê$Z Ko U o ; `mbmM ~møòmo V Ago h r åhUVmV. ~møòmo V
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 2
ì`dñWmnZm~ÔbMr {deof _m{hVr Or. E. ~wdm `m§Zr Ë`m§À`m boIm_Ü`o {Xbr Amho.
{deofV… J«§Wmb`mVrb H$moUË`m H$m`mªMo ~møòmoV nÕVrZo Am`moOZ H$aUo eŠ` Amho
d Ë`mMo \$m`Xo H$m` AmhoV, ~møòmoVmÛmao H$m`© H$ê$Z KoVmZm H$moUVr XjVm ¿`mdr,
`m~m~VMo ñnï>rH$aU "~møòmoV ì`dñWmnZ' `m boImV Ho$bobo Amho. ~wdm `m§Zr
{b{hboë`m "~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i' (Brain storming) `m Xwgè`m boIm_Ü`o gXa V§ÌmMo
J«§Wmb`mV Cn`moOZ H$go H$aVm `oB©b `m~ÔbMo {ddoMZ Amho. ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i V§ÌmÀ`m
Cn`moOZmVrb nm`è`m d \$m`Xo-VmoQ>o `m boImV ñnï> Ho$bo AmhoV.
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amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmMr ñWmnZm Ho$br Amho. kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO{Z{_©Vr_Ü`o J«§Wmb`o
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boImV {Xbobr Amho.
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ZdrZ V§Ìo `m~m~VMr _m{hVr XoUmam hm A§H$ AmnUmg Cn`wŠV R>aob Aer ImÌr
dmQ>Vo.
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 3
dmMZgm{hË`mMo Zdo ñdê$n : B©-àH$meZo
àm. _YwdÝVr ^mJdV
ì`már
àñVwV boImV B©-nwñVHo$ d B©-{Z`VH$m{bHo$ `m _wÚm§da MMm© Ho$br Amho. (B©
dV©_mZnÌm§Mm {dMma _m§S>bobm Zmhr.) Am{^`m§{ÌH$s d V§ÌkmZ emIoV B©-àH$meZm§Mr
Cn`mo{JVm `mda {deof n[a{eï> {Xbo Amho.
B©-àH$meZo åhUOo H$m` ?
_mZdr g§ñH¥$VrÀ`m B{VhmgmV Am{U g_mOmÀ`m {dH$mgmV J«§Wmb`m§Mm _moR>m
dmQ>m Amho. nmfmU`wJmnmgyZ AmOÀ`m _m{hVr`wJmn`ªV gm_m{OH$ OrdZmMm {dH$mg
H$aÊ`mg _m{hVrMo g§àofUM _mZdmbm _XV H$aVo. _m{hVr EH$m {R>H$mUmhÿZ Xwgè`m
{R>H$mUr àdm{hV hmoÊ`mgmR>r AmOn`ªV doJdoJiçm _mÜ`_m§Mm dmna Ho$bm Jobm.
_wÐUH$boÀ`m emoYmnydu _m{hVrÀ`m XodmUKodmUrgmR>r XJS>, YmVy, ^yO©nÌ, OZmdamMo
H$mVS>o Aem {d{dY gmYZm§Mm dmna Ho$bm Jobm. boIZH$bm d _wÐUH$bm `m§Mm emoY
bmJyZ {dH$mg Pmbm Voìhm _m{hVr {b{IV d _w{ÐV Aem dmMZgm{hË`mÀ`m ê$nmZo
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J«§Wmb`rZ H$m_H$mOm_Ü`o VgoM godm§_Ü`ohr ~Xb Pmbo.
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g§JUH$sH$aUmMo _hÎd dmT>bo. J«§Wmb`ohr Ë`mbm AndmX ZmhrV. J«§Wmb`emñÌmMr
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Ÿ
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Am§VakmZemIr` ñdê$n,
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J«W§ mb`emñÌmÀ`m nwñVH$m§_Ü`oM Agob Ago Zmhr. Vr {ejUemñÌ,
g§JUH$, ì`dñWmnZ Aem BVa {df`m§À`m nwñVH$mVhr Agy eHo$b.),
(4) J«§Wm§~amo~aM J«§WoVa gm{hË`mV Pmbobr dmT> (Ogo- {Z`VH$m{bHo$,
_mZHo$, noQ>§Q²>g, dV©_mZnÌmVrb boI, BË`mXr),
(5) _m{hVr Ëd[aV CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`m{df`r dmMH$m§Mr dmT>Vr _mJUr.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 4
E\$. S>ãë`y. b±H$mñQ>a `m§À`m ì`m»`oZwgma, "E publication is a process
where the manuscripts are submitted in e-format, edited, printed
and even distributed to users in e-form by computer and
communication technology."
1970-71_Ü`o gd©àW_ {_eob hmQ>© (University of Illinois, U.S.A.)
Zo "e text' Mr H$ënZm _m§S>br. g§JUH$mMm Cn`moJ \$ŠV J{UVr AmH$S>o_moS> ZgyZ
gd© g_mOmbm Cn`wŠV R>ab
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Ho$br; na§Vw øm H$ënZoZo 1990À`m XeH$mV, B§Q>aZoQ>Mr bmoH${à`Vm dmT>ë`mZ§VaM
_yi Yabo.
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(1) _OHw$amV gwb^VoZo, Ëd[aV gwYmaUm H$aUo eŠ`.
(2) _OHy$a dmMH$m§n`ªV nmoMÊ`mV doioMm Anì`` Zmhr.
(3) ñWb-H$mb _`m©Xm Zmhr. OJmVrb H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUmhÿZ {XdgmÀ`m H$moUË`mhr
doir B§Q>aZoQ>À`m gmhmæ`mZo B©-àH$meZo dmMVm `oVmV.
(4) Jhmi hmoÊ`mMr/hadÊ`mMr, hmVmiyZ Iam~ hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Zmhr.
(5) ~m§YUr H$ê$Z J§«Wmb`mV g§J«h H$amdm bmJV Zmhr.
(6) J«§Wmb`mVrb H$nmQ>m§_Ü`o OmJm ì`mnV Zmhr.
(7) hyper links _wio BVa g§X^mªZm OmoS>Vm `oVmV.
(8) dmMZr` _OHw$am~amo~a multimedia - gw{dYm CnbãY.
B©-nwñVHo$
ì`m»`m : ODLIS (Online Dictionary of Library and Information
Science) Zwgma 'A digital version of a traditional print book
designed to be read on a personal computer or on e-book
reader.'
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 5
B©-nwñVHo$ Imbrb Zmdm§Zrhr g§~moYbr OmVmV :
nonabog nwñVHo$,
ìhÀ`w©Ab nwñVHo$,
Am°ZbmB©Z nwñVHo$,
ZoQ>dŠS>© nwñVHo$,
grS>r am°_ nwñVHo$.
dmMH$ B©-nwñVHo$ XmoZ àH$mao dmMy eH$VmV :
(1) do~ ~«mD$PaÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo g§JUH$mda dmMVm `oUmar B©-nwñVHo$
`mV OwÝ`m/Zì`m bmoH${à` VgoM e¡j{UH$ nwñVH$m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. AmO
B§Q>aZoQ>da CnbãY AgUmè`m B©-nwñVH$m§_Ü`o, Á`m nwñVH$m§Zm H$m°nramB©Q> {Z`_
bmJy hmoV Zmhr, Aem nwñVH$m§Mo à_mU OmñV Amho.
(2) {d{eï> gmYZm§da S>mD$ZbmoS> H$ê$Z dmMVm `oUmar B©-nwñVHo$
dmMH$ nwñVH${dH«o$Ë`mH$Sy>Z AWdm àH$meH$mH$Sy>Z _yë` XoD$Z nwñVH$
download H$ê$Z KoD$ eH$Vmo. `m nÕVrV ~hþVm§er ZdrZ nwñVH$m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo.
Aer nwñVHo$ dmMÊ`mgmR>r àH$meH$m§Zr doJir g§JUH$ àUmbr {dH${gV Ho$br Amho.
dmMH$mbm hr àUmbrhr {dH$V ¿`mdr bmJVo.
B©-nwñVH$m§Mo àH$ma Imbrbà_mUo No. Category
Charateristic feature
(01) Textbooks
Contain linear text
(02) Picture books
Embedded various types of static pictures
(03) Talking books
Use audio narrations and sound effects.
(04) Multimedia books
Combine text, pictures and sound.
(05) Polymedia books
Use electronic and non electronic book.
(06) Hypermedia books
Involve nonlinear information structure.
(07) Intelligent books
Can adapt to a given user's behaviour.
(08) Telemedia books
Embedded telecommnsication facilities.
(09) Cyber books
Involve the use of virtual reading technique.
(10) Moving picture books Embedded animation and/or video.
Source : Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, Vol. 59, 1997, P.
125.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 6
B©-nwñVH$m§Mo \$m`Xo
(01) EH$M nwñVH$ AZoH$ dmMH$ EH$m doir dmMy eH$VmV.
(02) OJmVrb H$moUË`mhr {R>H$mUmhÿZ dmMÊ`mMr gmo`.
(03) 24/7 dmMZmon`moJr.
(04) nwñVH$ _m§S>Ur, ~m§YUr Zmhr. J«§Wmb`mV OmJm ì`mnV Zmhr.
(05) dmMH$mZo EH$ nwñVH$ {H$Vr doim, {H$Vr {d{eï> ^mJ dmMbm, S>mD$ZbmoS>
Ho$bm `mMo _moO_mn eŠ`.
(06) nwñVH$ gm§^miÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar J«§Wmb`mda Zmhr.
(07) nwñVH$mV H$mhr MwH$m Agë`mg, VodT>m _OHy$a gwYmê$Z, nwñVH$mMr gwYm[aV
Amd¥Îmr àH$m{eV H$aUo ghO eŠ`.
(08) Hyperlinks _wio nwT>rb g§X^© OmoS>Ê`mMr gw{dYm.
(09) URL (Uniform Resource Locator) _wio gyMr` Zm|XrMo à_mUrH$aU
eŠ`.
(10) dmMH$ ñdV:~amo~a EH$mnojm OmñV nwñVHo$ KoD$Z OmD$ eH$VmV.
(11) àH$meZ_yë` H$_r.
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bmJVmo.
(2) gVV g§JUH$mg_moa ~gyZ dmMZ H$amdo bmJVo.
(3) V§ÌkmZmVrb àJVr_wio J«§Wmb`mZo KoVboë`m gw{dYm/gmYZo H$mb~mø hmoÊ`mMr
eŠ`Vm.
(4) {dOoMr Amdí`H$Vm.
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(6) B©-nwñVHo$ dmMÊ`mgmR>r EH$ uniform platform Zmhr.
B©-nwñVH$m§Mr CXmhaUo
http://www. shop.ebrary.com
http:// www. bartleby.com
http:// www books-on-line.com
http:// www. classicbookshelf. com
http://www. ipl.org/div/e-books.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 7
B©-{Z`VH$m{bHo$
B©-{Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mo àH$ma
"E-journal is one which is available electronically, to be used
with the help of computer and other communication technologies."
(1) Am°ZbmB©Z {Z`VH$m{bHo$,
(2) grS>r am°_ {Z`VH$m{bHo$,
(3) ZoQ>dŠS>© {Z`VH$m{bHo$.
gd©àW_ 1945 _Ü`o B©-{Z`VH$m{bH$mMr H$ënZm CX`mg Ambr. `m_mJrb
_w»` hoVy g§emoYH$m§Zm AXç`mdV _m{hVrMm àgma Ëd[aV ìhmdm hm hmoVm. hñV{b{IV
àH$meH$m§n`ªV nmoMUo, Ë`mVrb ~Xb-\o$a~Xb, boIH$m§H$Sy>Z nwZb©I
o Z, N>nmB©, {dVaU
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hmoVmo. åhUOoM dmMH$ {OVH$m doi _m{hVr g§J«hmMm/{Z`VH$m{bH$mMm dmna H$aob,
_m{hVr download H$ê$Z KoB©b, Ë`mZwgma dJ©Urì`{V[aŠV n¡go AmH$mabo OmVmV.
CXmhaUmW©, DIALOG, ISI, EBSCO Information Services.
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(2)
(3)
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{H$Vrhr doim hr {Z`VH$m{bHo$/àH$meZo dmMVm `oVmV. CXmhaUmW©, IEEE
ZdrZ, AXç`mdV _m{hVrMo Ëd[aV àgmaU.
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24/7 dmMZmon`moJr.
hmVmiUr, hadUo, ~m§YUr, _m§S>Ur, OVZ - J«§Wmb`mbm `m§n¡H$s H$mhrhr
H$amdo bmJV Zmhr.
(5) Hyperlinks _wio nwT>rb g§X^© OmoS>Ê`mMr gw{dYm.
(6) B§Q>aZoQ>da gdmªgmR>r CnbãY AgUmar {Z`VH$m{bHo$ dJ©Ur Z ^aVmhr
dmMÊ`mMr gw{dYm.
(7) àH$meH$mZoM Oa boImMo gma, {df`erf©H$ nwadbo Agob Va J«§Wmb`mMo H$m_
dmMob. {edm` gma-{ZX©oe godoV EH$gmaIonUm amIVm `oB©b.
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(1) J«§Wmb`mbm g§JUH$, B§Q>aZoQ> OmoS>Ur, BË`mXr nm`m^yV gw{dYm§Mm IM© H$amdm
bmJVmo.
(2) boIH$m§Zmhr _yi àboI B© ñdê$nmV Úmdm bmJVmo. {dH$gZerb XoemV ¹${MV
`m Jmoï>rMr boIH$m§Mr _mZ{gH$ V`mar ZgVo.
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AmhoV. ¹${MV Xadfu dJ©Ur ^aë`mZ§VaM _mJrb A§H$ dmMm`bm CnbãY
hmoVmV.
(4) H$m°nramB©Q>Mm _wÔm ñnï> Zmhr.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 8
publications, University of Microfilm International's ABI- INFORM,
ADONIS.
(3) ZoQ>dŠS>© {Z`VH$m{bHo$
BITNET/INTERNET `m§gma»`m ì`mnmar VÎdmda MmbUmè`m g§JUH$s`
ZoQ>dH©$da CnbãY AgUmar {Z`VH$m{bHo$ e-newsletters, e-discussion lists,
peer reviewed journals, popular magazines, AmXr `m àH$mamV _moS>VmV.
XmoZ àH$maMr ZoQ>dŠS>© {Z`VH$m{bHo$ CnbãY AmhoV.
(A) _w»` g§JUH$mV g^mgXm§Mr `mXr AgVo. àH$m{eV {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mr
`mXr, AZwH«$_m{UH$m g^mgXm§Zm Ëd[aV nmR>dbr OmVo. FTP _m\©$V
g^mgX _yi àboI dmMy eH$VmV.
(~) g^mgXm§Zm g§nyU© {Z`VH$m{bH$ nmR>dbo OmVo.
XmoZ àH$mao B©-{Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mo {dVaU Ho$bo OmVo (1) EO§Q>_m\©$V /
aggregator _m\©$V, (2) àH$meH$m§H$Sy>Z.
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J«§Wmb`mbm CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr OmVmV. _w»`V: EH$mM {df`mMr
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kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 9
{R>H$mUmhÿZ IaoXr H$aVm `oVmV. CXmhaUmW©, Ingenta, Ovid,
EBSCO.
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http://www.dlib.org.
http://www.ebooks.com
http://www.gutenberg.com
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Singh, S.P. and Krishna Kumar : Special libraries in the
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Databases/Article Indexes for Engineering
* indicates highly recommended databases for the subject area.
* Assess Science
Dates vary.
A Collection of Reference e-books in the
sciences, including The MCGraw-Hill
Encyclopedia of Science & Technology
9th edition online.
ACM Digital
Library
1985-current
The ACM (Association for Computing
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articles published in ACM periodicals,
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ACS Journals
Online
Dates vary
Contains full text articles for more than
30 American Chemical Society journals
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AES On-line
Electronic
Library
Full text of the Audio Engineering Society
journals, convention preprints, and
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AIP Journals
Online
Dates vary
Full text online versions of 50 AIP
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Air Uniervsity
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1990-current.
The Air University Library's Index to
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Aluminum
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1972-current
Provides comprehensive coverage of the
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American Society
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Searchable
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1996-current.
Full text papers of ASEE conference
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* Applied Science
& Technology
Full Text :
Wilson Omnifile
1982-current
Choose Applied
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Ceramics
Abstracts/World
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1975-current
comprehensive database for the
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ceramics.
CHEMnetBASE
Current
CRC Handbooks in chemistry.
ChemVillage
Dates vary
Search environments for Chimica,
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CIS2 Visual
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Testbed
current
The CIMSteel Integration Standards
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Community of
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Dates vary
A database for researchers which
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opportunities, MEDLINE and the
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Composites
Industry
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1986-current
Subset of the Engineered Materials
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laminates.
Computer
Forensics Tool
Testing (CFTT)
Project Web Site
Current
The CFTT is designed to provide a
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Copper Data
Center Database
1965-current
The Copper Data Center Database
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technology since 1965.
Corrosion
Abstracts
1980-current
Source of bibliographic information in the
area of corrosion science and
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CSA Materials
Research
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1966-current
Contains the majority of the leading
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Database for
On-line database for solder properties
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with Emphasis on
New Lead-free
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Current
Database of the
Thermophysical
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Gases Used in
the
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Current
Contains transport and thermodynamic
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Department of
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Information
Bridge
1995-current
Provides the open source to full-text and
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E-Print Network
Dates vary
Searchable gateway to preprint servers
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Earthquake
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1971-current
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Edinburgh
Engineering
Virtual Database
Dates vary
Reviews and links to quality engineering
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Comprehensive interdisciplinary
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Electron
Interactions
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Current
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Engineered
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1986-current
Citations it materials engineering, taken
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Engineering Ejournal Search
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Searches the full text of over 250 free
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Engineering
Village 2
Dates vary
Search environment for Ei Compendex
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* ENGnet BASE
1990-current
Collection of over 320 engineering
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ENGINEERINGnet BASE,
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ENVIROnet
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Current
Collection of environmental science
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Environmental
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Abstracts
1990-current
Coverage of the world literature
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indexed.
Fire Research
Information
Services (FRIS)
Dates vary
Free resource featuring two extensive
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through FIREDOC and Building & Fire
Research Laboratory Publications.
* Handbooks of
Chemistry &
Physics
85th edition,
2004-2005
Online equivalent of the 84th edition of
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1988-current
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ILI Standards
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current
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ILI
maximum
Standards Infobase is ONLY available
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Institute of
Physics (IOP)
Journals Online
Dates vary
Provides full-text access to IOP's
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an alerting service feature.
* Knovel:
Engineering &
Scientific Online
References
Dates vary
Database of some of the leading
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MATERIALSnetBASE
Dates vary
MATERIALSnetBASE includes over 75
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NASA Techinical The NASA Technical Report Server is
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Dates vary
to search the many different abstract and
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NTIS (National
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Information
Service)
1977-current
NTIS is the federal government source
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government and complementary
materials from international sources.
Phase Diagrams
and
Computational
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Solders Systems
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Contains a collection of calculated binary
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Current
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Referex
Engineering
Dates vary
Referex Engineering is a collection of
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SPIE Web
Dates vary
Provides access to over 90,000 SPIE
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Synthesis : The
Digital Library of
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Computer
Science Current
SYNTHESIS is an information service
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U.S. Patents
1975-current
Contains all of the approximately 2.6
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U.S. Department
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Dates vary
Access to full text DOE research and
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USPTO
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1975-current
Allows searching of more than 3 million
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USPTO Web
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For further resoruce recommendations, see the following Research
Guides.
*
Biomedical Engineering
*
Chemical Engineering
*
Civil, architectural and Environmental Engineering
*
Computer Science and Software Engineering
*
Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering
*
Engineering Fundamentals
*
Materials Engineering
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amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJ kmZmÀ`m Imbrb nmM ~m~tda {deof ^a XoD$ BpÀN>Vo.
(1) kmZ g§H$ënZm (Knowledge concepts),
(2) kmZ{Z{_©Vr,
(3) kmZ {_i{dÊ`mMr gwb^Vm (Access to knowledge),
(4) kmZmMo Cn`moOZ,
(5) A{YH$ CÎm_ kmZgodm§Mm {dH$mg.
darb ~m~tdê$Z bjmV `oVo H$s, kmZ Am`moJmÀ`m Ñï>rZo kmZ^m§S>mam§Mr åhUOo
J«W§ mb`m§Mr g~iVm d ghO CnbãYVm ho OmñV _hÎdmMo Amho. J«W§ mb`m§Mm kmZm{Y{ð>V
g_mO{Z{_©Vr_Ü`o OmñVrV OmñV Cn`moJ ìhmdm åhUyZ amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJ (A) Xoem_Ü`o gÜ`m H$m`©aV Agboë`m gmd©O{ZH$, e¡j{UH$, {deof d ImOJr
J«§Wmb`m§Mm XOm© d godm§Mo ñdê$n OmUyZ KoD$ BpÀN>Vmo.
(~) Amdí`H$ VodT>çm ZdrZ J«§Wmb`m§Mr ñWmnZm H$ê$ BpÀN>Vmo. J§«Wmb`o
A{YH$ à~i H$ê$ BpÀN>Vmo.
`m C{Ôï>m§À`m nyV©VogmR>r amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo J«§Wmb`m§gmR>r VÁkm§Mm EH$
H$m`©JQ> (Working Group on Libraries) ñWmnZ Ho$bm d XoemVrb J«§Wmb`m§Mr
nmhUr, {ZarjU H$ê$Z nwT>rb ZD$ joÌm§g§~§Yr Am`moJmg {e\$maer H$aÊ`mMo H$m`©
øm H$m`©JQ>mH$S>o gmon{dbo.
(1) XoemVrb J«§Wmb` d _m{hVrgodm§Mr C{Ôï>o Zì`mZo R>a{dUo.
(2) J«§Wmb`m§À`m AS>MUr d AmìhmZo OmUyZ KoUo.
(3) J«§Wmb` d _m{hVrjoÌmMm gdmªJrU {dH$mgmgmR>r ~Xb d gwYmaUm gwM{dUo.
(4) AmYw { ZH$ _m{hVr d g§ à o f U-V§ Ì kmZmMm Cn`mo J H$ê$Z J« § W mb` d
_m{hVrgodm§_Ü`o gwYmaUm H$aUo.
(5) Á`m§À`mH$S>o _m{hVr Amho (Information rich) Am{U Á`mÀ`mH$S>o _m{hVr
Zmhr (Information poor) Aem XmoZ g_mOJQ>m§Vrb Xar {_Q>{dÊ`mgmR>r
H$moUVo ZdrZ CnH«$_ gwê$ H$aVm `oVrb `mMr eŠ`Vm AO_mdUo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 23
(6) J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ {ejUmMm XOm© C§MmdUo. Ë`m_Ü`o gdm}Îm_Vm
AmUÊ`mgmR>r _mJ© gwM{dUo. VgoM H$m`©aV Agboë`m J«W§ mb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§gmR>r
COiUrdJm©Mr ì`dñWm H$aUo.
(7) J«§Wê$nmVrb gm§ñH¥${VH$ R>odm d ñdXoer kmZ OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r gw{dYm {Z_m©U
H$aUo.
(8) ZmJ[aH$m§Zm ghOnUo kmZmMo CnmO©Z, Cn`moOZ H$aVm `mdo ømgmR>r nwaoem
`§ÌUm {Z_m©U H$aUo.
(9) J«§Wmb`mg§~§YrÀ`m BVa `mo½` ~m~tMm {dMma H$aUo.
amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo gmon{dbobo XoemVrb J«§Wmb`m§À`m nmhUrMo H$m`© doioV
nyU© ìhmdo `mgmR>r H$m`©JQ>mZo Imbrb Mma {deof g{_Ë`m ñWmnZ Ho$ë`m.
(1) S>oQ>m~og {Z{_©Vr Am{U ZoQ>d{Hª$JgmR>rMr g{_Vr.
(2) ImOJr dmMZgm{hË` g§Jh« mg§~Y§ rMr g{_Vr.
(3) dmMZgm{hË`g§J«h {dH$mg, nÕVr d godm§gmR>r à_mUHo$ Am{U H$m`©nÕVrg§~Y§ rMr g{_Vr.
(4) J«W§ mb` godH$ AmamIS>çmg§~Y§ rMr g{_Vr.
H$m`©JQ>mZo d {deof g{_Ë`m§Zr XoemVrb J«§Wmb` ì`mdgm{`H$m§er àË`j MMm©
Ho$br; nÌì`dhmamÛmao Ë`m§Mr _Vo, AS>MUr OmUyZ KoVë`m. J«§Wmb`m§Zm àË`j ^oQ>r
{Xë`m. Aem àH$mao MMm©, nÌì`dhma d ^oQ>r§À`m Ûmao XoemVrb J«§Wmb`m§Mm XOm©,
godm, g§^mì` j_Vm, BË`mXtMm Aä`mg Ho$bm d Amnbm àñVmd amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmbm
gmXa Ho$bm. `m àñVmdmda AmYm[aV amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo _mZZr` n§VàYmZm§Zm
J«§Wmb`m§g§~§Yr 10 à_wI {e\$maer Ho$ë`m AmhoV.
amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo J«W
§ mb`mg§~Y
§ r Ho$boë`m {e\$maer
(1) J«W
§ mb`m§gmR>r amï´>r` Am`moJ ñWmnZ H$aUo.
J«§Wmb`m§Mo gd© àíZ OmUyZ KoD$Z Ë`m§Mr gmoS>dUyH$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r amï´>r` Am`moJ
(National Commission on Libraries) ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag amï´>r` kmZ
Am`moJmZo Ho$br Amho. J«§Wmb`mgmR>rMm hm Am`moJ åhUOo ñdV§Ì, Am{W©H$ ñdm`ÎmVm
Agbobr, H$m`_ñdê$nr, H$m`Xoera _mÝ`Vm Agbobr g§ñWm Agob. VËnydu ^maV
gaH$maZo J«§Wmb`m§gmR>r EH$ amï´>r` _§S>i (National Mission on Libraries)
Ëd[aV Zo_mdo. øm _§S>imMm H$m`©H$mi VrZ dfmªMm Agmdm. VrZ dfmªZ§Va øm _§S>imMo
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 24
H$m`_ñdê$nr J«W§ mb` Am`moJm_Ü`o* ê$nm§Va H$amdo Ago amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo gwM{dbo
Amho.
(2) XoemVrb gd© J«W
§ mb`m§Mr _moOXmX H$aUo (Prepare a National Census
of all Libraries).
amï´r` nmhUrÛmao ^maVmVrb J«§Wmb`m§Mr AmH$S>odmar OmUyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r hr
{e\$mag H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. J«§Wmb`mg§~§YrMo {Z`moOZ H$aUo; YmoaUmË_H$ {ZU©`
KoUo ømgmR>r gaH$mabm øm AmH$S>odmarMm Cn`moJ hmoUma Amho. `mgmR>r ^maV
gaH$maÀ`m gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d^mJmZo EH$ H¥${VJQ> (Task force) ñWmnZ Ho$bm Amho.
`m H¥${VJQ>mZo J«§Wmb`o _moOÊ`mMo H$m`© àmYmÝ`H«$_mZo åhUOo EH$m dfm©V nyU© H$amdo
ømgmR>r `mo½` Vr Am{W©H$ Am{U àemgH$s` _XV Úmdr Aerhr {e\$mag amï´>r` kmZ
Am`moJmZo ^maV gaH$mabm Ho$br Amho.
Z°eZb g°ånb gìh©o `m g§ñWo_m\©$V Cn^moŠË`m§À`m _m{hVrÀ`m JaOm Am{U
dmMZ A{^éMrMr {Z`{_V nmhUr H$amdr Agohr amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo gwM{dbo
Amho.
(3) J«W
§ mb` d _m{hVremñÌ {ejU, à{ejU Am{U g§emoYZ gw{dYm§_Ü`o
gwYmaUm H$aUo.
`m {e\$maerZwgma J«§Wmb`mg§~§YrÀ`m àñVm{dV amï´>r` _§S>imZo eŠ` VodT>çm
bdH$a J«§Wmb`m§gmR>r {H$Vr _Zwî`~i hdo `mMm AmT>mdm ¿`mdm Am{U J«§Wmb` d
_m{hVremñÌ {ejUmÛmao Amdí`H$ VodT>o _Zwî`~i CnbãY hmoÊ`mgmR>r `mo½` Ago
_mJ©Xe©Z H$amdo. VgoM J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ g§emoYZmg àmoËgmhZ Úmdo. `mgmR>r
Amdí`H$ Ë`m gd© gw{dYm Agbobr Indian Institute of Library and
Information science* ñWmnZ H$amdr Ago amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo gwM{dbo Amho.
(4) J«W
§ mb`m§gmR>r hì`m AgUmè`m _Zwî`~imMm AmT>mdm KoU.o
XoemVrb {d{dY J«§Wmb`m§gmR>r {H$Vr _Zwî`~i bmJUma Amho `mMm AmT>mdm
KoÊ`mMr {e\$mag amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo Ho$br Amho. Ë`mgmR>r H$m`©dU©Z, e¡j{UH$
Ah©Vm, nXZm_, doVZloUr, godoVrb ~T>VrÀ`m g§Yr, godmeVu, BË`mXr ~m~r {dMmamV
¿`mì`mV Agohr gwM{dbo Amho. {d{dY àH$maÀ`m J«§Wmb`m§gmR>r godH$ AmH¥${V~§Yhr
gwM{dbm Amho.
(5) H|$Ðr` J«W
§ mb` {ZYr {Z_m©U H$aUo (Set up a Central Library Fund)
H|$Ð Am{U amÁ` gaH$mam§À`m {ejU AZwXmZmn¡H$s {ZpíMV a¸$_ J«§Wmb`m§gmR>r
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 25
R>odbr Omdr. `m{edm` nwT>rb VrZ Vo nmM dfmªV J«§Wmb`m§_Ü`o gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mgmR>r
H|$Ðr` J«§Wmb` {ZYr {Z_m©U Ho$bm Omdm. `mgmR>r gwédmVrbm ^maV gaH$maZo 100
H$moQ>r én`o CnbãY H$amdoV d EdT>rM a¸$_ ImOJr ì`mdgm{`H$m§H$Sy>Z XoUJr ê$nmZo
CnbãY ìhmdoV. `m {ZYrMo ì`dñWmnZ amï´>r` J«§Wmb` _§S>i H$aob Aer {e\$mag
amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo Ho$br Amho.
(6) J«W
§ mb`m§Mo AmYw{ZH$sH$aU H$aUo.
Cn^moŠË`m§Zm Cn`wŠV R>aob Aem nÕVrZo J«§Wmb`m§Mo g§KQ>Z d ì`dñWmnZ
H$amdo. J«§Wmb`rZ gmYZm§Mm OmñVrV OmñV Cn`moJ KoÊ`mgmR>r {d{dY J«§Wmb`m§_Ü`o
ghH$ma dmT>bm nm{hOo. `mgmR>r J«§Wmb`m§Mo AmYw{ZH$sH$aU Pmbo nm{hOo. J«§Wmb`m§Mo
AmYw{ZH$sH$aU hmoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo nwT>rb ~m~r gwM{dë`m AmhoV
(A) J«W§ mb`mgmR>r gZX Agmdr (Library Charter),
(Am) J«W§ mb`m§Zr nwadmd`mÀ`m godm,
(B) J«§Wmb`Omiçm§Mr {Z{_©Vr,
(B©) gyMr` Zm|Xr§Mm amï´>r` g§J«h (National Repository for Bibliographic
Records).
(7) J«W
§ mb` ì`dñWmnZmV g_mOmÀ`m gh^mJmg àmoËgmhZ XoUo (Encourage
greater community participation in library management).
J«§Wmb` ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m {ZU©`à{H«$`oV {d{dY àH$maÀ`m Cn^moŠË`m§Zm Am{U
J«§Wmb`mer g§~§{YV AgUmè`m BVa ZmJ[aH$m§Zm gh^mJr H$ê$Z ¿`mdo Ago Am`moJmZo
gwM{dbo Amho. {deofV: gmd©O{ZH$ dmMZmb`o ñWm{ZH$ ZmJ[aH$m§ZrM MmbdmdrV.
VgoM J«§Wmb`m§Zr ñWm{ZH$ _m{hVr nÕVr (Community based information
§ mb` Am{U
system) {dH${gV H$aÊ`m_Ü`o nwT>mH$ma ¿`mdm. J«m_rU ^mJm_Ü`o J«m_-J«W
ñWm{ZH$ kmZH|$Ðo (Community knowledge centres) {dH${gV H$aÊ`mMo H$m`©
n§Mm`V g{_VrZo H$amdo Aer {e\$mag amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo Ho$br Amho.
H$aÊ`mgmR>r àmoËgmhZ Úmdo. Ë`m_wio `m gmYZm§Mm gm_y{hH$ Cn`moJ H$aUo eŠ` hmoB©b.
gmd©O{ZH$ {ZYrÀ`m _XVrZo Ho$boë`m g§emoYZmMo boI VÁkm§À`m narjUmA§Vr B§Q>aZoQ>da
CnbãY H$amdoV. ho H$aV AgVmZm H$m°nramB©Q>Mo C„§KZ hmoUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr
¿`mdr.
dmMZgm{hË` B§Q>aZoQ>da CnbãY H$aVmZm `mo½` Ë`m à_mUH$m§Mm dmna H$amdm.
VgoM _mo\$V Am{U AmonZ gmoAg© gm°âQ>doAaMmhr Cn`moJ H$amdm Ago amï´>r` kmZ
Am`moJmZo gwM{dbo Amho.
(9) ImOJr dmMZgm{hË` g§Jh« mMr XoI^mb (Facilitate donation and
maintenance of private collections)
^maVm_Ü`o AZoH$ ImOJr Am{U ì`pŠVJV dmMZgm{hË` g§J«h AmhoV. Aem
dmMZgm{hË`mMr Zm|XUr H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mo OVZ Ho$bo nm{hOo. VgoM ì`pŠVJV g§J«hmVrb
dmMZgm{hË` XoUJr åhUyZ ñdrH$maÊ`mMr d Vo OVZ H$aÊ`mMr ì`dñWmhr Ho$br
nm{hOo . amï´ > r ` kmZ Am`mo J mZo {e\$mag Ho $ bo b o "J« § W mb` _§ S > i ' ImOJr
dmMZmgm{hË`mÀ`m XoI^mbrgmR>r VÁkm§À`m AÜ`jVoImbr g{_VrMr * Zo_UyH$ H$ê$
eH$Vo.
ImOJr d ì`pŠVJV dmMZgm{hË` g§J«h OVZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r ^maVm_Ü`o gÜ`m
H$moUVrhr {eñV~Õ ì`dñWm CnbãY Zmhr. Aer ì`dñWm CnbãY ìhmdr åhUyZ
`mgmR>r Xoem_Ü`o Xhm àmXo{eH$ H|$Ðo (Regional Centres) ñWmnZ H$amdrV Aerhr
{e\$mag amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo ^maV gaH$mabm Ho$br Amho.
(10) J«W
§ mb` d _m{hVr godm {dH${gV H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmd©O{ZH$ d ImOJr
joÌmÀ`m ^mJrXm[aËdmg àmoËgmhZ XoUo (Encourage public-private
partnerships in development of library and information
services)
(8) _m{hVr d g§àfo U-V§ÌkmZmÀ`m J«W
§ mb`mVrb Cn`moOZmg MmbZm XoU.o
V§ÌkmZmMm J«§Wmb`mV dmna H$ê$Z J«§Wmb`m§Mo Omio {Z_m©U H$amdo. gd©
J«§Wmb`m§À`m Vm{bH$m B§Q>aZoQ>da CnbãY H$amì`mV. amï´>r` nmVirda gyMr` _m{hVrMm
g§J«h CnbãY H$amdm Ago kmZ Am`moJmZo gwM{dbo Amho. VgoM kmZgmYZm§Mm ghOnUo
emoY KoVm `mdm `mgmR>r J«§Wmb`m§Zm Ë`m§À`mH$S>rb dmMZgm{hË`mMo {S>{OQ>m`PoeZ
_mZd H$ë`mUmgmR>r H$m`©aV AgUmè`m gm_m{OH$ g§ñWm, H$maImZXma d BVa
ImOJr g§ñWm§Zr J«§Wmb`m§À`m {dH$mgmgmR>r EH${ÌVnUo _XV H$amdr. VgoM Ë`m§Zr
EH$Ì `oD$Z ZdrZ J«§Wmb`o ñWmnZ H$amdrV Aer {e\$mag amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmZo Ho$br
Amho.
da MMm© Ho$boë`m 10 à_wI {e\$maet{edm` amï´>r` kmZ Am`moJmÀ`m AhdmbmV
nmM n[a{eï>o (Annexures) AmhoV. Ë`m§_Ü`o nmM doJdoJiçm ~m~tg§~§Yr g{dñVa
_m{hVr {Xbr Amho. darb Ame`m_Ü`o `m ~m~r * Zo Xe©{dë`m AmhoV. `m nmM
n[a{eï>m§Mm Ame` AmnU boImÀ`m nwT>rb ^mJmV _mhrV H$ê$Z KoUma AmhmoV.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 26
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 27
g_mamon
EH§$XarV ^maVr` J«W§ mb` d _m{hVrjoÌmMo _hÎd AYmoa{o IV H$aUmam hm Ahdmb
Amho. Ahdmbm_Ü`o J«§Wmb` d _m{hVrjoÌmÀ`m gdmªJrU {dH$mgmgmR>r Cn`wŠV Aem
{e\$maer AmhoV. `m {e\$maerMr A§_b~OmdUr Ho$ë`m_wio ^maVr` J«§Wmb`o
kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO (Knowledge society) {Z{_©Vr_Ü`o AmUIr _mobmMo `moJXmZ
XoD$ eH$Vrb. `m AhdmbmÀ`m A§_b~OmdUr_wio ^maVr` J«§Wmb`m§Zm d J«§Wmb` d
_m{hVr ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm (LIS professionals) Ë`m§Mr kmZm{Y{ð>V g_mO{Z{_©VrVrb
Cn`wŠVVm, ^y{_H$m {gÕ H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_iUma Amho. Ë`mgmR>r J«§Wmb`
ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr H$moUVr H$m¡eë`o AmË_gmV H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho hohr `m AhdmbmÀ`m
A§_b~OmdUr_wio ñnï> hmoB©b.
WmoS>Š`mV hm Ahdmb ^maVr` J«§Wmb` d _m{hVrjoÌmÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r
{XemXe© H $ Amho . ^maV gaH$ma `m AhdmbmMm ñdrH$ma H$ê$Z Ë`m§ À `m
A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r `mo½` Vr H$m`©dmhr H$aob Aer ImÌr Amho.
(* `m KQ>H$m§~Ôb MMm© boImÀ`m nwT>rb ^mJmV Ho$br OmB©b.)
g§X^©
J«W
§ mb`m§_Ü`o AJm©Zo m°{_ŠgMm dmna
àm. _YwdÝVr ^mJdV
V§ÌkmZmÀ`m àJVr_wio AbrH$S>o ì`dgm`OÝ` AmOmam§Mo
à_mU dmT>bo Amho. ~¡R>o d A{VH$m_ `m H$maUm§_wio g§JUH$
ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm nmR>XwIr, ZoÌ{dH$ma d _mZoMo {dH$ma, AmXr
{dH$ma OS>VmZm {XgVmV. Aem ì`dgm`OÝ` AmOmam§VyZ
J«§Wmb`rZ H$_©Mmarhr gwQ>bobo ZmhrV.
àñVwV boImV AJm©oZm°{_Šg åhUOo H$m`, Ë`m {df`mMo
_hÎd d J«§Wmb`mV Ë`mMm gw`mo½` dmna `mMo {ddoMZ Ho$bo
Amho.
(1) India, National Knowledge Commission,
Libraries gateways to knowledge : a roadmap for revitalization, New Delhi, National Knowledge Comission, 2007
(2) www.knowledgecommission.gov.in
ooo
ì`wËnÎmr, AW© d ì`m»`m
AJm©oZm°{_Šg hm _ybV: J«rH$ eãX Amho. Ë`m_Ü`o XmoZ eãX AmhoV : "AJm©og'
åhUOo H$m_ Am{U "Zmo_mog' åhUOo {Z`_ AWdm Aä`mg. gw`mo½` nÕVrZo H$m_
H$aÊ`mMo emñÌ åhUOo AJm©oZm°{_Šg.
International Ergonomics Association Executive Council,
August 2000 Zwgma, "Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific
discipline concerned with the understanding of the interactions among
human and other elements of a system, and the profession that
applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to
optimize human well-being and overall system performance."
Storey C. Am{U Rea G. `m§Zr J«§WnmbmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Ho$bobr ì`m»`m :
"Ergonomics is a range of concepts which assist in maximising the
design of the interaction of the human being with machines, systems, working methods and environments, while taking into account
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 28
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 29
the safety, physical and mental capacity and productive potential of
those same human operators."
WmoS>Š`mV, H$m_mMm XOm© CÎm_ amhUo, _mZdr AnKmV-AmOma Q>miUo `mgmR>r
H$m`m©b`mVrb dmVmdaU, H$_©Mmar dmnaV Agbbo \${Z©Ma gw`mo½` AgUo Amdí`H$
AgVo.
{dH$mg
H$m_ H$aVmZm gmo`rñH$a gmYZm§Mm dmna H$aUo _mZdmbm ZdrZ Zmhr. hË`mam§Mr
AMyH$ {ZdS> d dmna ho nydm©nma MmbV Ambo Amho. ì`dgm` Am{U gm§Ü`m§À`m XwImnVr
`m§Vrb ZmVo `mMr _m{hVr 4 eVH$m§nydu Zm|Xdë`mMo g§X^© AmT>iVmV. ~Zm©{S>©Zmo
a_m{PÞr (1633-1714) Zo H$m_ H$aVmZm hmoUmè`m VH«$mar~Ôb {b{hbo Amho.
1857 _Ü`o nmo{be àmo\o$ga Wojcieh Jastrzebowski Zo àW_ AJm©oZm°{_Šg hm
eãX dmnabm. 19ì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrbm emñÌr` Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ CËnmXZj_Vm
dmT>dÊ`mMo à`ËZ gwê$ Pmbo. \«o$S>[aH$ Q>oba ho `m ~m~VrV AJ«Ur _mZbo OmVmV.
{Jb~«oW XmånË`mZo H$m`©j_Vm dmTmdr d H$m_Jmam§À`m emar[aH$ l_m§V ~MV ìhmdr
åhUyZ H$mi-H$m_-doJ, H$m_ d Ë`mgmR>r dmnaV Agboë`m gmYZm§Mm _oi Agbm
nm{hOo, EImXo H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr "EH$M CËH¥$ï> nÕV' `m VÎdmMm dmna Ho$bm. Ë`m§Zr
gwMdboë`m Cnm`m§_wio {dQ>m R>odÊ`mÀ`m \o$è`m§_Ü`o 18 dê$Z 4.5 EdT>r KQ> Pmbr
Am{U {dQ>m C^maÊ`mV Vmer 120 dê$Z Vmer 350 EdT>r dmT> Pmbr. Xwgè`m
_hm`wÕmZ§Va H$m_Jma-_erZ `m_Ü`o _oi gmYÊ`mMo OmUrdnyd©H$ à`ËZ Pmbo. 1949
_Ü`o Ergonomics Research Society (AmVm The Ergonomics Society)
Mr ñWmnZm Pmbr. `m joÌmVrb n{hbo "Ergonomics" ho {Z`VH$m{bH$ 1957_Ü`o
à{gÕ Pmbo. 1959_Ü`o International Ergonomics AssociationMr ñWmnZm
Pmbr. 1960 Vo 1980À`m H$mimV CËnmXZà{H«$`m, J«mhH$mon`moJr dñVy, g§JUH$
`m gd© AmKmS>çm§da àJVr hmoV Jobr. 1980À`m XeH$mV g§emoYH$m§Mo bj g§JUH$ d
H$m`m©b`rZ dmVmdaU `m§da H|${ÐV Pmbo.
AJm©Zo m°{_ŠgMr C{Ôï>o
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
ì`dgm`m{Y{ð>V AnKmV H$_r H$aUo.
CËnmXZj_Vm dmT>dUo.
CËnmXZ XOm© dmT>dUo.
H$_©Mmè`m§À`m AZwnpñWVrV KQ> H$aUo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 30
{ZH$S>
(1) XrK© H$mi ~¡R>o H$m_ H$am`Mr JaO AgUmè`m ZmoH$è`m§_Ü`o bjUr` dmT>.
(2) àË`oH$ joÌmVbm g§JUH$mMm A{Zdm`© dmna.
(3) CËnmXZj_Vm, Ho$boë`m H$m_mMo g_mYmZ, H$_©Mmè`mMo Amamo½` `m§{df`rMr
dmT>Vr OmUrd.
AJm©Zo m°{_Šg_Ü`o Imbrb ~m~r Vnmgë`m OmVmV :
(1) H$m`m©b`rZ dmVmdaU
(A) emar[aH$ hmbMmbr (CXm. dñVy CMbUo, hbdUo)
(~) H$m¡eë` (CXm. à{V {_ZrQ> 110 eãX Q>mB©n H$aUo.)
(H$) OmoIr_ nËH$aUo. (CXm. C§M B_maVrda a§JH$m_ H$aUo.)
(S>) doi nmiUo. (CXm. {Xbobo H$m_ R>amdrH$ doioV nyU© H$amdr.)
(2) _Zmogm_m{OH$ dmVmdaU
(A) gm_m{OH$ (CXm. g§K^mdZoZo H$m_ H$aUo.)
(~) gm§ñH¥${VH$ (CXm. XoemZwê$n ~Xb)
(H$) OrdZe¡br (CXm. XoemZwgma H$m_mÀ`m, _Zmoa§OZmÀ`m g§H$ënZm)
(3) ^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU
(A) ^m¡{VH$ ~m~r (CXm. Vmn_mZ, AmdmO)
(~) amgm`{ZH$ ~m~r (CXm. àXyfU H$aUmao KQ>H$)
(H$) O¡{dH$ (CXm. hdoVyZ ngaUmao {dH$ma)
(4) Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~r
(A) CËnmXZmMm AmamIS>m (Product design)
(~) hmS>d© A
o a B§Q>a\o$g {S>PmB©Z (CXm. J«mhH$m§À`m ng§Vrg CVaob Ago CËnmXZ)
(H$) gm°âQ>doAa B§Q>a\o$g {S>PmB©Z (CXm. J«mhH$m§À`m gmo`rgmR>r ~Zdbobr
g§JUH$ àUmbr)
WmoS>Š`mV, AJm©oZm°{_ŠgMm _w»` hoVy H$_©Mmar d Vmo dmnaV Agbobo `§Ì/
CnH$aU/gmYZ/ Ë`mMr ~¡R>H$/ H$m`m©b`rZ dmVmdaU `m gdmªMm _oi KmbUo hm
Amho. `mMm Ñí` n[aUm_ H$_©Mmè`mMo Amamo½` CÎm_ amhÿZ H$m`©j_Vm d CËnmXZj_Vm
dmT>Ê`mV hmoVmo.
J«W
§ mb`rZ AJm©Zo m°{_Šg
J«§Wmb`rZ H$_©Mmè`m§Zm Imbrb Jmoï>t_wio ñZm`y§Mo {dH$ma OSy> eH$VmV.
(1) g§JUH$mda gVV S>oQ>m EÝQ´>r H$aUo, ~ma H$moS> ñH°$Za dmnaUo `m_wio H$mn©ob
Q>Zob qgS´>mo_ hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 31
(2) XrK© H$mi AdKS>boë`m pñWVrV ~gyZ H$m_ H$aUo, g§JUH$mMm H$s ~moS>© `mo½`
C§Mrda ZgUo, gVV hmV C§M H$ê$Z nwñVH$m§Mo eopëìh§J H$amdo bmJUo, `m_wio
Im§Xo-hmV `m§À`m ñZm`y§da, _‚mmV§Vy§da VmU `oVmo.
(3) gVV {bImUm_wio, Poam°pŠg¨J H$aÊ`m_wio, OmS> nwñVHo$ ñH°$Zada Xm~yZ
R>odë`m_wio, EH$mM {d{eï> H$moZmV Q>o{b\$moZ Yê$Z ~mobÊ`m_wio _mZXwIr,
hmVXwIr hmoD$ eH$Vo.
(4) nwñVH$m§Mr Zo-AmU H$aVmZm, nwñVHo$ nH$S>Uo, CMbUo, dmHy$Z eopëìh¨J H$aUo,
Q´>m°br T>H$bUo `m_wio nmR>XwIr OSy eH$Vo. XodKod {d^mJmVrb H$_©Mmè`m§Zm
`mMm {deof YmoH$m Amho.
(5) g§JUH$mda gVV H$m_ Ho$ë`mZo _mZXwIr, nmR>XwIr, ZoÌ{dH$ma, _ZJQ>mda VmU
`oD$ eH$Vmo.
`m gdmªMo n`©dgmZ hmVm§Mr, ~moQ>m§Mr nH$S> H$_r hmoUo, gyO `oUo, _w§½`m `oUo,
~Yra hmoUo, BË`mXtV hmoVo.
J«W
§ mb`mVrb \${Z©Ma
(1) IwÀ`m©
J«§Wmb`mVrb IwÀ`m© øm gwIX/Amam_Xm`r Agmì`mV. gai nmR>rÀ`m, H$S>H$
~¡R>H$ Agboë`m IwÀ`m© XrK© H$mi ~gyZ H$m_ H$aUmè`m godH$mbm ÌmgXm`r R>aVmV.
IwMuda ~gë`mZ§Va H$_©Mmè`mÀ`m nmR>rMm H$Um VmR> am{hbm nm{hOo, Ë`mMo nm`
O{_Zrda Q>oH$bo nm{hOoV. Q>o~bmÀ`m _mZmZo IwMu C§M Agob Va H$_©Mmè`mbm nwT>o
PwHy$Z/dmHy$Z H$m_ H$amdo bmJVo. IwMuMo AmgZ (seat) Aé§X Zgmdo. PVC IwÀ`m©
{H$_VrÀ`m d ñdÀN>VoÀ`m Ñïr>Zo {H$\$m`Vera Agë`m Var H$mnS>r AmdaU Agboë`m
IwÀ`m© Amam_Xm`r AgVmV. IwMuMr C§Mr gaH$dyZ da-Imbr H$aÊ`mMr gmo` Agbr
Va A{YH$ CÎm_. VÁkm§Zr hmV Agbobr IwMu, {OMo AmgZ 400 {__r. é§X Amho,
C§Mr 420 Vo 500 {__r.n`ªV gaH$dÊ`mMr gmo` Amho d {Obm MmamEodOr nmM nm`
AmhoV Aem IwMuMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
(2) Q>~o b
J«§Wmb`mV EH$mM nÕVrMo S>oñH$/Q>o~b gd© H$_©Mmè`m§gmR>r d gd© àH$maÀ`m
H$m_mgmR>r IaoXr Ho$bobo AgVmV. ~hþVoH$ {R>H$mUr g§JUH$hr Ë`mdaM R>odbm OmVmo.
Ë`m_wio BVa H$m_ H$am`bm J¡agmo` hmoD$ eH$Vo. dmMH$m§gmR>r OPAC gM©H$[aVm,
J«§Wmb`rZ H$_©Mmè`m§gmR>r H$m_mÀ`m JaOoZwgma Q>o~bmMr é§Xr, C§Mr Agë`mg Ë`mMm
\$m`Xm hmoB©b.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 32
(3) \y$Q>año Q²>g
Q>o~b-IwMuBVHo$M \y$Q>aoñQ²>g _hÎdmMo AgyZXoIrb Ë`mH$S>o ¹${MV Xwb©j Ho$bo
OmVo. \y$Q>año Q²>g nm`mbm Amam_Xm`r R>aVmV. {deofo V: C§Mr H$_r Agboë`m H$_©Mmè`m§Mm
nm`mdarb VmU H$_r H$aÊ`mV \y$Q>aoñQ²>gMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo.
(4) eopëìh¨J
àË`oH$ J«§Wmb`m_Ü`o J«§Wgm{hË`mMo eopëìh¨J hm AË`mdí`H$ ^mJ AgVmo.
nwñVH$m§Mr _m§S>Ur hr hmVmim`bm, R>odm`bm-H$mT>m`bm gmo`rñH$a d Cn`wŠV Agmdr
bmJVo. AVr C§M a°Šg d O{_ZrbJVMo a°Šg `m Ñï>r>Zo J¡agmo`rMo R>aVmV. XmoZ a°Šg_Yrb
A§Vahr `mo½` Agë`mg dmMH$m§Zm nwñVHo$ Mmim`bm, H$_©Mmè`m§Zm dmdam`bm gmono
nS>Vo (AmXe© A§Va 910-920 {__r. BVHo$ _mZbo OmVo.).
(5) àH$me`moOZm
J«§Wmb`mÀ`m aMZoV àH$me`moOZm hm _hÎdmMm KQ>H$ Amho. Z¡g{J©H$ àH$me`moOZm dmMH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo gJiçmV CÎm_ R>aVo. eŠ` Agë`mg dmMH$m§Mr ~gÊ`mMr
gmo` {IS>H$sOdi H$amdr. dmMZH$jmV 400 Vo 600 bŠg BVH$m àH$me CÎm_
g_Obm OmVmo. H¥${Ì_ àH$me`moOZm H$amd`mMr Agë`mg, gd© àH$maMo J«§W dmMm`bm
gmono OmdoV, dmMH$mbm {b{hVmZm Ìmg hmoUma Zmhr, S>moiçm§da VmU `oUma Zmhr,
BVŠ`m j_VoMo {Xdo AgmdoV.
nwñVH$mda WoQ> gy`©àH$me AWdm nmD$g `oUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr KoVbobr
Agmdr.
(6) AmdmO
J«§Wmb`mV Zoh_r em§VVm nmimdr Agm g§Ho$V Amho. \°$Šg _erZ, \$moZ, qàQ>a,
H$_©Mmè`m§Mo AmdmO H$_rV H$_r AgmdoV. J«§Wmb`mV 45 S>o{g~ëg BVŠ`m j_VoMm
AmdmO gd©_mÝ` Amho. gVV dmOUmam \$moZ, qàQ>aMo AmdmO `m§Zr dmMH$m§Mr EH$mJ«Vm
H$_r hmoD$ eH$Vo. Vrd« AmdmOm_wio S>moHo$XwIr, VUmd, Cƒ aŠVXm~ BË`mXr VH«$mar
CX²^dy eH$VmV.
(7) Vmn_mZ
J«§Wmb`mV 20 Vo 22 gopëgAg EdT>o Vmn_mZ Agmdo. A{VerV VgoM A{VVá
Vmn_mZ Amamo½`mgmR>r Anm`H$maH$ R>aVo. J«§Wmb`rZ H$_©Mmar VgoM XrK© H$mi dmMZ
H$aUmè`m dmMH$m§Zm Aem Vmn_mZmMm Ìmg hmoVmo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 33
(8) IoiVr hdm
AmYw{ZH$ J«§Wmb`mV Oa EAa H§${S>eZg© ~gdbo AgVrb Va ~§X {IS>Š`m§_wio
J«§Wmb`mV H$m|XQ>nUm `oÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. J«§Wmb`mV hdm ñdÀN>, IoiVr Agmdr.
`mo½` àH$me d IoiVr, àgÞ hdm H$_©Mmè`m§Zm {Xdg^a H$m_ H$aÊ`mgmR>r CËgmhr
R>odVo. gVV ~§X Agboë`m dmVmdaUmV gm§g{J©H$ AmOma ngaÊ`mMm YmoH$m AgVmo.
Poam°Šg _erÝg, g§JUH$ `m§VyZ {Z_m©U Pmboë`m CîUVoMmhr H$_©Mmè`m§Zm Ìmg hmoD$
eH$Vmo.
(9) AmЩVm
J«§Wmb`mVrb hdo_Ü`o 50-55% BVH$s AmЩVm Agmdr. A{VH$moaS>çm hdo_wio
J«§Wgm{hË`mMr hmZr hmoD$ eH$Vo. VgoM 70% hÿZ A{YH$ AmЩVm Agë`mg
_m`H«$mo{\$ë_²g / _m`H«$mo{\$e / gVV Z hmVmibobr nwñVHo$ `m§da ~waerMm àmXw^m©d
hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
(10) âbmoA[a¨J
\${Z©Ma gaH$dUo, dmMH$m§Mr dX©i, Ë`m§À`m nm`m§Mm AmdmO, amoOMr ñdÀN>Vm
`m gdmªgmR>r Cn`wŠV R>ab
o Ago âbmoA[a¨J J«W§ mb`mV Agmdo. âbmoA[a¨JMr a§Jg§JVrhr
S>mi
o çm§gmR>r gwIX Agmdr. H$mhr J«W§ mb`m§V OmS> H$mn©Qo > KmVbo OmVo. Vgo Agë`mg
H$mn©oQ>Mr ì`dpñWV {ZJm amIbr Omdr. H$mn©oQ>_Ü`o Yyi, BVa H$Mam AS>H$Ê`mMr
eŠ`Vm AgVo. Ë`m_wio H$_©Mmè`m§Zm Xå`mgmaIo ídgZ{dH$ma hmoD$ eH$VmV.
(11) g§JUH$
g§JUH$mÀ`m A{Vdmnam_wio hmoUmao Xwîn[aUm_ `mda {dnwb g§emoYZ, boIZ
CnbãY Amho. `mg§~§Yr WmoS>Š`mV _m{hVr n[a{eï> -1 _Ü`o {Xbr Amho.
(12) A§VJ©V _m§S>Ur
J«W§ mb`mVrb a§Jg§JVr, nS>X,o \${Z©MaMr _m§S>Ur dmMH$m§Zm AmídmgH$, AmH$f©H$
dmQ>ob Aer Agmdr. H°$Q>bm°J H°${~ZoQ²>g, g§JUH$ (OPAC gmR>r ), XodKod {d^mJ
`m gd© _m§S>Ur_Ü`o `mo½` A§Va Agmdo. dmMH$m§gmR>r EH$M bm§~ Q>o~b Zgmdo Ago EH$
{ZarjU gm§JVo. g§emoYH$m§Zm, XrK© H$mi ~gUmè`m dmMH$m§gmR>r ñdV§Ì "Š`w{~H$ëg'Mr
gmo` Agmdr.
(13) gyMZm/ _mJ©Xe©H$ \$bH$
gmYmaU 20 \y$Q> A§Vamdê$Z dmMVm `oVrb Ago \$bH$ AgmdoV. \$bH$mdarb
_OHy$a {~ZMyH$ Agmdm. Ë`mV g§{X½YVm Zgmdr. AÝ`Wm Ë`mM e§H$m§Zm CÎmao XoÊ`mV
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 34
H$_©Mmè`m§Mm doi OmB©b. AmH$f©H$ gyMZm\$bH$m§_wio dmMH$m§À`m _ZmV J«§Wmb`mMr
CÎm_ à{V_m {Z_m©U hmoVo.
(14) XodKod {d^mJ
`m {d^mJmV dmMH$m§Mr gVV dX©i AgVo. Ë`m Ñïr>Zo `m {d^mJmMr aMZm
Agmdr. "H$mC§Q>a'nwT>o dmMH$m§Zm C^o amhm`bm nwaoer OmJm Agmdr. Q>o~bmMr C§Mr
`mo½` Agmdr. naV Amboë`m nwñVH$m§gmR>r OmJm ñdV§Ì nU H$_©Mmè`mbm gmo`rñH$a
Aer Agmdr. AÝ`Wm Ë`mbm daModa Imbr dmHy$Z nwñVHo$ R>odmdr bmJVrb qH$dm
_mJo diyZ _mJÀ`m H$nmQ>mV / eoë\$da / Q´>m°brda R>odrdr bmJVrb.
gmam§e
AJm©oZm°{_Šg hm Am§VaemIr` {df` Amho. Vmo H$_©Mmè`m§Mr emar[aH$ pñWVr
H$m`m©b`rZ dmVmdaU - aMZm - \${Z©Ma, BË`mXr gJiçm KQ>H$m§er OmoS>bm Jobm
Amho. AmO `m {df`mda g§emoYZ Mmby Amho. {dnwb à_mUmV boI CnbãY AmhoV.
Var VwbZoZo "J«§Wmb` AJm©oZm°{_Šg' da H$_r à_mUmV gm{hË` CnbãY Amho. J«§Wmb`
H$_©Mmar `m {df`m~Ôb A{YH$ OmJéH$ hmoÊ`mMr JaO Amho. AJm©oZm°{_ŠgMm
OmUrdnyd©H$ à`ËZ / dmna Ho$ë`mg H$_©Mmè`m§Mo Amamo½` CÎm_ amhÿZ Ë`m§Mr H$m`©j_Vm
dmT>ob.
g§X^©gM
y r
(1) Karwowski, W. Ergonomics and human factors : the paradigms
for science, engineering, design, technology and management
of human compatible systems. Ergonomics, vol. 48, No.5, 15
Apr.2005, P. 436-463.
(2) Rooney, James. Ergonomics in acdemic libraries. Library
Management, vol. 15, No. 1, 1994, P. 26-35
(3) Rose, T. Ergonomics in the Library, Library Journal, vol.III,
No. 17, 1986, P. 54-55
(4) {eH$manya, XrnH$ Am{U _amR>,o CÁÁdb. AmYw{ZH$ _m{hVr V§ÌkmZmÀ`m {dídmV,
nwUo, CËH$f© àH$meZ, 2003
(5) www. drcris.com
(6) www. ergoweb.com
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 35
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 36
http://www.drcris.com/
n[a{eï> - 2
General Dimensions of Ergonomics Discipline
↕
Techonology
Environment
Philosophy
(social
Needs)
Theory
↕ ↕
Design
Ergonomics
discipline
↕
↕
↕
g§JUH$ dmnamg§~Y
§ r H$mhr gyMZm
(1) g§JUH$ dmnaVmZm XmoÝhr hmVm§Mm dmna H$amdm.
(2) g§JUH$mMo goqQ>J ~XbyZ Ë`mÀ`m AjamMm (Font size) AmH$ma dmT>dyZ ¿`m.
(3) _mD$gda H$m_ H$aVmZm hmVmMr nH$S> g¡b R>odm.
(4) S>moiçm§Mr H$miOr ¿`m. AYyZ_YyZ bm§~ A§VamÀ`m Jmoï>r hoVynwañga ~Km
qH$dm S>moio {_Qy>Z ¿`m.
(5) gbJ EH$mM OmJr ~gy ZH$m. Xa VmgmZo Vm|S>mda nmUr _mê$Z \«o$e ìhm.
g§JUH$mg_moarb ~¡R>H$ H$er Agmdr ?
(1) g§JUH$mg_moa ~gVmZm _m°{ZQ>aMr C§Mr hr AmnU ~gboë`m pñWVrV AgVmZm
~amo~a Amnë`m S>moiçm§g_moa hdr.
(2) _m°{ZQ>a d S>moio `m§_Yrb A§Va gmYmaUnUo 2.5 Vo 3 \y$Q> Agmdo.
(3) EdT>çm A§Vamdê$Z dmMVm `oB©b Agm \$m°ÝQ>Mm AmH$ma Agmdm.
(4) \$m°ÝQ> gmB©O goqQ>J bhmZ R>odyZ OmñV _OHy$a EH$mM doir {Xgy eH$Vmo d
Ë`m_wio scrolling H$_r H$amdo bmJVo, na§Vw `mM Jmoï>r_wio S>moiçm§da OmñV
VmU nSy> eH$Vmo.
(5) IwMuda ~gë`mda H$s-~moS>©da Q>mB©n H$aVmZm Amnë`m hmVm§Mr ~moQ>o d H$mona
ho gai aofoV Agmdo d ho Amnë`m _m§S>rer g_m§Va aofoV Agmdo.
(6) hmV H$monamOdi Xw_S>boë`m AdñWoV earamOdi Agmdm.
(7) H$s-~moS>© WmoS>m H$bVm Agbm Var Mmbob nU OmñV Imbr ZH$mo.
(8) Q>o~b C§M Agob Va H$s-~moS>© _m§S>rda R>odVm `oVmo.
↕
AmOÀ`m H$mimV g§JUH$mMm dmna hm amoOÀ`m OrdZe¡brMmM EH$ ^mJ
~Zbm Amho. g§JUH$mÀ`m A{Vdmnam_wio Computer Related Injuries Syndrome (CRIS) hr EH$ J§^ra g_ñ`m g§JUH$ ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm ^oS>gmdV Amho.
Ë`m§Zm nmR>XwIr, gm§YoXwIr, bÇ>nUm, ZoÌ {dH$ma, BË`mXr {dH$mam§Zm dma§dma Vm|S> Úmdo
bmJVo.
↕
g§JUH$ Am{U Amamo½`
X¥{ï>Xmof H$go Q>mimdoV ?
(1) g§JUH$mÀ`m _m°{ZQ>a_Yrb à{V_m `m Amnë`m S>moiçm§Zm Ìmg Z hmoB©b Aem
a§JmV Agmì`mV.
(2) _m°{ZQ>adarb _m{hVr dmHy$Z dmMy Z`o.
(3) ImobrVrb àH$me `mo½` à_mUmV Agmdm.
g§JUH$mMm gVV dmna H$aVmZm ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr H$er H$miOr ¿`mdr, H$moUVo
ì`m`m_ H$amdoV `mg§~§Yr {dñV¥V _m{hVr Imbrb g§Ho$VñWimda CnbãY Amho.
↕
n[a{eï> - 1
↕
of a seminar held at Southampton University on Nov. 15, 1985,
Library Association University, College and Research Section, Southwestern Group, 1987, Discussion Papers No.2
(9) IwMuda VmR> ~gmdo. nmoH$ H$mTy> Z`o. nmR> IwMubm Q>oH$bobr Agmdr. nwT>o dmHy$
Z`o. `m_wio nmR>rÀ`m ñZm`y§da VmU `oD$ eH$Vmo. nm` O{_Zrbm nyU©nUo Q>H$bobo
AgmdoV.
(10) Hw$R>ë`mhr AñdñWVm AmUUmè`m pñWVrV A{O~mV ~gy Z`o.
↕
(7) Storey, C. and Rea, G. Ergonomics in Libraries, Proceedings
Practice
and
Education
Management
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 37
↕
n[a{eï> - 3
(5)
H$mhr _hÎdmMr {Z`VH$m{bHo$
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Ergonomics
Publisher : Taylor and Francis
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals.
International Journal of Human - Computer Interaction
Publisher : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
www. erlbaum.com.
Human factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing
Publisher : John Wiley and sons. Inc.
www.wiley.com.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Publisher : The Central Institute for Labour Protection, Poland.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
Publisher : Elsevier Science
www. elsevier.com.
Applied Ergonomics,
Publisher : Elsevier Science
www elsevier.com.
Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science
Publisher, Taylor and Francis
http:\\www. tandf.co.uk/journals
n[a{eï> - 4
(2)
(3)
(4)
{deof ghmæ` / Am^ma : lr O` ^Q>, J«§Wnmb W.W.Hagerty Library,
Drexel University, PA. USA d gm¡. AnUm© dPo, O. Zohé J«§Wmb`, _w§~B©
{dÚmnrR>, H$m{bZm
n[a{eï> - 5
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA LIBRARY
ERGONOMICS EVALUATION FORM
NAME :
DEPARTMENT :
DATE :
ERGO TEAM SIGNATURE :
EMPLOYEE CHECKLIST
(1)
(2)
(3)
H$mhr Am§Vaamï´>r` g§KQ>Zm
(1)
(6)
(7)
Board of Certification in Professional Ergonomics (BCPE)
www. bcpe.org.
International Ergonomics Society (IEA)
www. iea.cc
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES)
The Ergonomics Society of U.K.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 38
http://www. ergonomics.org.uk.
International Society for occupational Ergonomics and Safety
http:www://isoes.info
Ergonomics, Society of Australia, www. ergonomics.org.au.
Indian Society of Ergonomics
http://www.ise.org.in.
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
While working at your computer / desk, do you have any back
/ shoulder / neck pain ? YES / NO
While typing , do you have any pain in forearms / wrists /
hands? YES / NO
While sitting for the long period of time, do you have any legs
/ feet pain? YES / NO
Do you have watery eyes or strain? YES / NO
Is the lighting in your work area comfortable? YES / NO
Is the air quality comfortable? YES / NO
Do you take task breaks? YES / NO
Do you do stretching exercises? YES / NO
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 39
HEAD /NECK BACK / UPPER BODY
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Are your hips and back resting comfortably against the back
of the chair ? YES / NO
Your ears /shoulders/hips should be in a verticle line.
Does your chair have arm rests? YES / NO
Arm rests,when used, should comfortably support upper
body and neck muscles but should not interfere with arm
motions.
Does your chair provide good lumbar support? YES / NO
If not, adjust your chair backrest up/down or forword/
back, or add cushion for support. Your adjustable chair
height should be 15''-21'' above the floor.
Does your chair have a waterfall (front edge curves
downwards) seat? YES / NO
A waterfall seat prevents discomfort behind the knees.
Does the seat of your chair fit you? YES / NO
(2)
(3)
EYES
(1)
(2)
(3)
FOREARMS/WRISTS/HANDS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Do you have a wrist rest? YES / NO
Do you feel that you need a wrist rest ? YES / NO
A padded wrist rest may help support the wrists/palms
during rest periods.
Are your elbows bent at a 900 angle ? YES / NO
Is your desk height comfortable ? YES / NO
Desk height shoudl be 29"-30" (Keyboard tray should be
3" lower).
Is your keyboard at a comfortable height and angle ? YES /
NO
Is your mouse placed next to the keyboard ? YES / NO
An adjustable mouse platform with wrist rest may help.
(4)
(5)
(6)
Are you feet flat on the floor ? YES / NO
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 40
Is the top of your monitor screen at eye level ? YES / NO
Do your wear bifocals ? YES / NO
The distance between your eyes and screen should be
approximately arm's length (24"). If you wear biforcals,
you may need to lower your monitor. Monitor platforms
may be used to adjust screen height.
Do you wear contacts ? YES / NO
Ask your doctor if he recommends using rewetting drops
while you are working at the computer.
Do you have glare on your screen ? YES / NO
Change direction of screen or workstation to reduce light
from outside or overhead. A shading hood or anti-glare
screen may also help.
Is your monitor directly in front of you (not off to one side) ?
YES / NO
Do you use a copy holder ? YES / NO
Adjustable copy holder will help place materials at desired
distance and angle.
ENVIRONEMENT/PERSONAL
(1)
LEGS/FEET
(1)
You should have 2" of space between the front edge of
chair to back of knees.
Do you have a foot rest ? YES / NO
A foot rest may help increase circulation in legs, relieve
stress on back and keep legs at a comfortable angle.
Are your thighs parallel to the floor ? YES / NO
Your knees should be level to or slightly higher than your
hips.
(2)
Do you use a task light for reading ? YES / NO
Task lighting may help to reduce glare/reflection.
Is the air quality comfortable ? YES / NO
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 41
(3)
(4)
Adjust air vents. Reduce sunlight by pulling shades/blinds
down. Make sure air filters are cleaned regularly.
Do you include non-computer related tasks in your workday ?
YES / NO
Do you include stretching and eye exercises during your work
day ? YES / NO
There are examples of these exercises on the WorldWide
Web (see "stretch Breaks")
COMMENTS :
STATEMENT : "MY SIGNATURE INDICATES THAT I REALIZE
THESE ARE RECOMMENDATIONS THAT MAY ASSIST ME
TO ELIMINATE INJURIES THAT MAY OCCUR ON THE JOB.
I WILL TAKE THESE RECOMMENDATIONS INTO
CONSIDERATION."
Signature :
Date :
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 42
~møòmoV ì`dñWmnZ
(Outsourcing Management)
àm. Or. E. ~wdm
AbrH$S>À`m H$mimV ì`dñWmnZm_Ü`o {d{dY òmoVm§Mm AmYma KoV AgVmZm
doJdoJiçm àH$mao {dMma Ho$bm OmV Amho Am{U AemM àH$maMr ~møòmoV ì`dñWmnZ
hr EH$ g§H$ënZm Amho. dada nmhVm H$mhr doJir dmQ>V Agbr Var hr g§H$ënZm
n[a{MV AgyZ AË`§V gd©gm_mÝ` AerM Amho. `m g§H$ënZoÀ`m ì`m»`m nwT>rbà_mUo
H$aVm `oÊ`mgma»`m AmhoV :
(1) H$moUVohr CËnmXZ dm godm ñdV: {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mnojm Ë`m Xwgè`mH$Sy>Z KoUo.
(2) g§ñWoVrb _yi C{Ôï>m§nojm ~møñdê$n C{Ôï>m§Mm dm AZwËnmXH$ H$m`m©Mm g§§H$moM
H$ê$Z _yi C{Ôï>m§er gwg§JV d d¡{eîQ>çnyU© H$m`© A§JrH$maUo.
(3) EImÚm g§ñWoÀ`m H$m`©nÕVr Xwgè`mda gmondUo Am{U Amnbo X¡Z{§ XZ ì`dñWmnZ
gwb^ H$aUo.
AWm©V `mMm AW© g§~{§ YV g§ñWoZo _yb^yV C{Ôï>me
§ r dm g§b{¾V C{Ôï>me
§ r g§~{§ YV
CËnmXZ dm godm `m§Mr O~m~Xmar PQ>H$Uo Zìho. H$maU AmOÀ`m J{V_mZ `wJmV
H$mbgmnoj gd©M ñVam§da ì`dñWmnZ J{V_mZ hmoV Amho. `mH$[aVm g§ñWoZo Amnë`m
_yi C{Ôï>m§daM A{YH$m{YH$ bj H|${ÐV H$aUo ho A{YH$m{YH$ bm^Xm`H$ dm JaOoMo
R>aV Amho. gd©gm_mÝ`nUo g§ñWoMm {dMma H$aVmZm AmnU Aem ~møòmoVm§Mr `mXr
IynM _moR>r hmoUmar Amho. nU `mVrb H$mhr IamoIaM AË`§V Xw_ui dm Amdí`H$
Aem ~m~r AmhoV. AmOÀ`m `wJmV J«§Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ g§~§{YV g§ñWm§À`m
ì`dñWmnZmMm {dMma H$arV AgVmZm _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZ d _Zwî`~i ho òmoV
~møñdê$nmV ñdrH$maUo ho H$mbgmnoj, A{YH$ g`wpŠVH$ d Cn`wŠV R>aV Amho.
gd©M g§ñWm§Mm {dMma H$aV AgVmZm AmOH$mb Aem d¡{eîQ>çnyU© nyaH$
ñdê$nmVrb CËnmXZo d godm XoUmè`m N>mQo >çmN>mQo >çm gmhmæ`^yV g§ñWm§Mr {Z{_©Vr _moR>çm
à_mUmda hmoV Amho. AmOH$mb ho EH$ Zdo Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌ {dH${gV hmoV Amho.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 43
~møòmoVmMr Amdí`H$Vm
~møòmoVmMr H$moUË`mhr g§ñWoÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmg AmOH$mb A{YH$m{YH$ JaO
^mgV Ambr Amho. `mMr H$mhr H$maUo {dMmamV KoV AgVmZm J{V_mZ ì`dñWmnZ,
ObXJVrZo CnbãYVm d nwadR>m `m~amo~a g§ñWoÀ`m {d{dY KQ>H$m§Vrb g§KQ>Z d
ghH$m`© gmYV AgVmZm g§ñWoÀ`m _w»` C{Ôï>m§er g§~§{YV CËnmXZo d godm {Z{_©VrV
`oUmè`m AS>MUr ho _w»` KQ>H$ Amho. Aem H$moUË`mhr g§ñWoMm dmT>bobm ì`mn Ë`m
g§ñWog Aem ~møòmoVmda Adb§~yZ amhÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>V Amho. gd©gm_mÝ`nUo gd©
ñVam§da g§ñWm§À`m Z¡g{J©H$ ì`dñWmnZmV ~møòmoVmÀ`m A§V^m©dmnmR>r_mJMr H$maUo
nwT>rbà_mUo AmhoV :
(01) H$_r {H$_VrV nyaH$ ~m~tMr CnbãYVm.
(02) `m_wio _yb^yV C{Ôï> H$m`m©da A{YH$m{YH$ bj H|${ÐV H$aVm `oVo.
(03) {dZ§Vr godm A{YH$ à^mdrnUo, A{YH$ OmJê$H$VoZo Am{U bdMrH$VoZo Varhr
gj_nUo XoVm `oU.o
(04) EImÚm {d{eï> nwadR>mXmamH$Sy>Z àmá hmoUmam bm^ CXm. CÎm_ g§ajU, CÎm_
gmVË`.
(05) nwadR>mXmamH$S>o A{YH$ bj H|${ÐV Ho$ë`mZo A{YH$ XO©oXma godm XoVm `oUo.
(06) A§VJ©V ì`dñWmnZm_Ü`o A{YH$m{YH$ `oUmar {eñV `m_wio {_iUmam bm^ d
A§VJ©V òmoVmdarb H$_rV H$_r Adb§~yZ amhUo.
(07) A§XmOnÌH$mda {Z`§ÌU R>odVm `oUo. J{V_mZ H$m`©nÕVrMm dm godoMm Adb§~
H$aVm `oUo.
(08) A§VJ©V ^m¡{VH$ ~m~tda H$_rVH$_r Jw§VdUyH$ H$aVm `oUo.
(09) _yb^yV CËnmXZo d godm {ZpíMV VmaIobm d doiobm A{YH$m{YH$ gj_VoZo
CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo eŠ` hmoUo.
(10) A§VJ©V VÁkm§Mr AZwnãYVm.
(11) ì`dgm`mÀ`m ~XbUmè`m {Xem, g§~§{YV KQ>H$ `m§À`mer gmjonVm R>odÊ`mgmR>r
àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>r A{YH$A{YH$ bdMrH$Vm.
(12) ~mø godm d CÚmoJY§Xo {dH$V KoÊ`mH$[aVm Adb§~Vm `oUmar CÎm_ nÕVr qH$dm
CÎm_ CÚmo{JH$Vm {dH$V KoVm `oUo.
(13) H$_r YmoŠ`mÀ`m ì`dñWmnZm_wio ZdZdrZ H$ënZm am~{dVm `oUo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 44
(14) C{Ôï>m~mhoarb _hÎdnyU© KQ>H$mH$[aVm A§VJ©V gm_Ï`mªMm dmna H$ê$Z
A{YH$m{YH$ O~m~Xmè`m ñdrH$maVm `oUo.
(15) XO©oXma d A{YH$ gj_ CËnmXH$m§er ghg§~§Y gmYyZ ñdV:Mr nV d à{V_m
dmT>{dUo eŠ` hmoUo.
(16) CËnmXH$mH$S>o ^m§S>dbr {H$_Vr dñVy hñVm§V[aV Ho$ë`mZo A{YH$m{YH$ n¡em§Mr
~MV gmÜ` hmoU.o
(17) {dnUZmV gwb^Vm `oD$Z ì`dgm`mV A{YH$m{YH$ bm^Xm`H$ g§Yr àmá hmoUo.
(`mg§~§Yr nwadR>mXmamÀ`m OmiçmÛmao àmá hmoV AgVmV.)
(18) {ZpíMV {H$_VrMo ê$nm§Va ~XbË`m {H$_VrV hmoUo.
darb ~m~t~amo~a g§koÀ`m d¡{dÜ`m~amo~a `m_Ü`o AZoH$ ~m~r g§~§{YV
H§$nZrZwgma Zm|X{dVm `oUmè`m AmhoVM. EHy$UM Aem bm^mMm {dMma H$aV AgVmZm
ñWm{ZH$ ñVamdarb KQ>H$ d {Z{_©{Vd¡{dÜ` `m§Mmhr {dMma `oWo H$aUo H«$_àmá R>aVo.
~møòmoVm§er g§~{§ YV à_wI joÌo
(1) _Zwî`~i
AmOH$mb H$moUË`mhr ì`dñWmnZmg_moarb _Zwî`~i ì`dñWmnZ hr ~m~ AË`§V
Jw§VmJw§VrMr d ZmOyH$ ~Zbr Amho. _Zwî`~imer g§~§{YV g§KQ>Zm Ë`m§Mo h¸$mgmR>r
PJS>Uo, Ë`m§Zm Úmdo bmJUmao bm^ d Ë`mVrb Vm§{ÌH$ AS>MUr d Jw§VdUyH$ Am{U
`mM~amo~a XrK© H$mi AH$m`©j_ _Zwî`~i gm§^mimd`mg bmJUo, àg§Jr Ë`m§Zm g§ñWoÀ`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ ñdIMm©Zo Úmdo bmJUmao à{ejU d `mH$[aVm d`naËdo CnbãY _Zwî`~img
`oUmar {e{WbVm Aem g_ñ`m§_wio ~è`mM g§ñWm {d{dY ~m~tH$[aVm ~mø _Zwî`~i
òmoVmMm dmna H$ê$Z KoUo JaOoMo _mZy bmJë`m AmhoV. `m_wio _Zwî`~imda bmJUmar
Jw§VdUyH$ Ë`m§À`m godmgw{dYm§da d H$m`©nÕVrda H|${ÐV H$amdo bmJUmao bj `m
~m~r§~amo~M ~mø KQ>H$m§H$Sy>Z `m _Zwî`~img§X^m©V hmoUmam hñVjon {dMmamV KoVmo.
~è`mM g§ñWm§Zm _Zwî`~imMm ~møñdê$nmV dmna H$aUo gwb^ dmQ>V Amho. `m_wio
g§ñWoMm n¡gm d eŠVr AZmR>m`r IM© hmoUo Wm§~Vo.
_Zwî`~iòmoVmMm ñdrH$ma H$aVmZm ¿`md`mMr XjVm
(1) àñVwV _Zwî`~i d Ë`mMr gj_Vm `mMr nS>VmiUr H$aUo.
(2) `m _Zwî`~imH$[aVm Úmdm bmJUmam _mo~Xbm Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z àmá hmoUmao gmhmæ`
`m g§X^m©Vrb AQ>r d g§Yr.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 45
(3) Aem _Zwî`~imÛmao g§ñWoÀ`m A§VJ©V ~m~r d g§X^m©Vrb g§ajUmda nS>Umam
VmU d H|${ÐV H$amdo bmJUmao bj.
(4) _Zwî`~imMr CnbãYVm d nwadR>mXmamMo godmgmVË`.
(5) _Zwî`~i nwadR>mXmamMr nmÌVm, nydm©Zw^d d `mM~amo~a H$m`Xoera ~m~r d
àË`j H$ama.
(2) Vm§{ÌH$ gmog©
AmOH$mb H$moUË`mhr g§ñWobm EImÚm g§ñWoA§VJ©V gd©M Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~r,
{deofËdmZo _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZ, g§JUH$ àUmbr/Amkmdbr d g§X^m©Vrb AÚ`mdVVm
gm§^miUo ghO eŠ` hmoV Zmhr. `mH$[aVm ~è`mM g§ñWm _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZ, g§JUH$
àUmbr gma»`m AÚ`mdV ~m~r§gX§ ^m©V ~møòmoV `m ñdê$nmV ñdrH$maUo ng§V H$aVmV.
VgoM Ago ~møòmoV g§ñWmZm A{YH$m{YH$ Cn`wŠV R>aVmV. `mñVd AmOH$mb
~møòmoVm§Mm dmna A{YH$m{YH$ Ho$bm OmV Amho.
XjVm
Oar ~møòmoVm§_wio g§ñWm§Zm AZoH$ bm^ CnbãY hmoV Agbo VarXoIrb Aem
òmoVm§Mm ñdrH$ma H$aVmZm nwT>rb ~m~tMr nS>VmiUo H$aUo JaOoMo AgVo.
(1) `m godm§Mo ñdê$n, ì`már Am{U _`m©Xm d CnbãY `§Ìgm_J«r,
(2) godm gmVË` d godm d¡{eîQ>ço, godm§Mr {dídmgmh©Vm Am{U Hw$ebVm,
(3) CnbãY à{e{jV _Zwî`~i d Ë`mMr AÚ`mdVVm,
(4) XO©oXma `§Ìgm_J«r,
(5) godogmR>r bmJUmam doi d _moOmdr bmJUmar qH$_V d godmgmVË`,
(6) `m g§X^m©Vrb H$ama, AQ>r d Ë`m§Mr H$m`Xoera nS>VmiUr.
~møòmoV ì`dñWmnZmMo VmoQ>o
~møòmoV ì`dñWmnZm_wio gH¥$VXe©Zr H$mhr bm^ Agbo VarXoIrb Aem
~møòmoVm§Mm EImÚm ì`dñWmnZmV A§V^m©d H$aV AgVmZm H$mhr VmoQ>ohr g§^mdVmV.
ho VmoQ>o nwT>rbà_mUo (1) ~møgodm§Mr JwUdÎmm d {VMm XOm©.
(2) Aem ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m Cn`moOZm_wio à_wI g§ñWoMr Adb§{~VVm dmT>V.o
(3) à_wI g§ñWoÀ`m A§VJ©V gwajog YmoH$m {Z_m©U hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 46
(4) ~møòmoVmÀ`mH$S>o _mJUr dmT>ë`m_wio godmgmVË`mV ASWim {Z_m©U hmoD$
eH$Vmo.
(5) ~møòmoVm§Zm dmT>Umè`m _mJUr_wio Aem òmoVm§H$[aVm JaOoZwê$n àg§Jr A{YH$
{H§$_V _moOmdr bmJVo.
(6) ~møòmoVmdarb {Z`§ÌUmÀ`m A^mdm_wio Ë`mMm gH$b JwUdÎmm XOm© KgaUo
g§^dVo. `m_wio à_wI g§ñWoMr CËnmXZo d godm `m§Mm XOm© Kgê$ eH$Vmo.
(7) ~møòmoVmda Adb§~yZ am{hë`mda EoZ doir d AmnËH$mbrZ ì`dñWmnZmV
AS>Wio {Z_m©U hmoVmV.
J«W
§ mb` d _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZ g§ñWm§_Ü`o ~møòmoV ì`dñWmnZmMm
A§V^m©d
~XbË`m n[apñWVrV AmO AZoH$ g§ñWm ~møòmoVmMm dmna H$aVmZm {XgVmV.
`mbm J§«Wmb` d _m{hVremñÌ g§ñWmhr AndmX Zmhr. qH$~hþZm AmOH$mb Aem
~møòmoVm§Mr AmdíH$`VmM ^mgy bmJbr Amho. J«§Wmb` d _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZ g§ñWm§_Ü`o
~møòmoVmMm nwT>rb ~m~tH$[aVm dmna H$aUo eŠ` hmoVo. àg§Jr Vo A{YH$ CnH$maH$
R>aVo.
(1) Aem g§ñWoVrb ^m¡{VH$ gw{dYm§Mm Adb§~ H$aVmZm CXm. ñdÀN>Vm, XoI^mb,
gwajm BË`mXtH$[aVm ~møòmoV _Zwî`~imMm dmna,
(2) Aem g§ñWoH$[aVm bmJUmè`m Cƒ XOu` V§ÌkmZ{df`H$ godmgw{dYm,
(3) J«§Wmb`mMo g§JUH$sH$aU, g§X^©godm, J«§Wmb`rZ Vm{bH$sH$aU, J«§W~m§YUr
BË`mXr Vm§{ÌH$ gmonñH$ma.
~møòmoV : ñdê$n d ì`már
J«§Wmb` hr EH$ godm^mdr d e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm Agë`m_wio Aem ~møòmoVmMm
dmna àg§Jr godm^mdr ñdê$nmV àmá hmoUmam Agë`m_wio J«§Wmb`mÀ`m IMm©V ~MV
hmoV.o CXmhaUmW©, J«W§ mb` Am{U _m{hVremñÌmMo à{ejUmWu Ë`mÀ`mÛmao S>mQ>m \$sqS>J,
gyMr, dJuH$aU, Vm{bH$sH$aU, ZoQ>d{Hª$J BË`mXr Vm§{ÌH$ CnñH$mam§H$[aVm dmna H$ê$Z
KoVm `oVmo.
EHy$UM EImÚm g§ñWoÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmV ~møòmoVMm dmna H$amd`mMm
Agë`mg gwédmVrg Aem òmoVm§Mo ñdê$n d Ë`m§Mr ì`már R>adUo JaOoMo AgVo. VgoM
Ë`m§Mo godmgmVË` d godoH$[aVm _moObr OmUmar qH$_V `mMo ^mZ R>odUo JaOoMo AgVo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 47
~møòmoV ì`dñWmnZ ñdrH$maUo åhUOoM EImÚm g§ñWoMo {Z`§ÌU Xwgè`m g§ñWoda
AgUo AWdm Aem g§ñWoV {Z_m©U hmoUmao ghg§~§Y Omio qH$dm gmIir hmo`. àg§Jr
Ago Omio Aem g§ñWoÀ`m {ZYm©[aV joÌmnwaVo _`m©{XV AgVo. Am°\$ eoA[a¨J åhUOo
g§ñWoÀ`m {ZYm©[aV H$m`©joÌmnojm g§ñWoÀ`m joÌm~mhoa Omio {dUUo dm g§ñWoMo H$m`©joÌ
Xwgè`m Xoem_Ü`o {Z_m©U H$aUo hmo`. Aem àg§Jr _yi g§ñWoMo {Z`§ÌU ~mø XoemVrb
g§~§{YV g§ñWm§da AgUo JaOoMo Agbo nm{hOo Ago Zmhr.
~møòmoVmg§X^m©V hmoUmar Qr>H$m
(1) XO©Xo ma godm : _yi g§ñWoZo {ZYm©[aV Ho$boë`m godm§Mm XOm© d JwUdÎmm `m
g§X^m©V J«mhH$-Cn^moŠVm Zoh_rM OmJê$H$ AgVmo. Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z àg§JmonmV
~møòmoVmMm XOm©, VoWrb _Zwî`~i, Hw$ebVm `m§Mr JwUdÎmm _yi g§ñWoer
à_m{UV amhrb H$m` ? Aem àH$maMo e§H$mË_H$ àíZ {Z_m©U Ho$bo OmVmV.
`m_wio g§ñWoÀ`m godm dm CËnmXZmMr {dídmgmh©Vm àg§Jr H$_r hmoVo.
(2) H$m_Jma d Am{W©H$ bm^ : H$mhr doiobm òmoVmg§X^m©V VoWrb H$m_Jmam§À`m
JwUdÎmoÀ`m g§X^m©V àíZ CnpñWV Ho$bo OmVmV; Ë`mM~amo~a ho _mÝ` Ho$bo OmVo
H$s Aem H$m_Jmam§Mm dmna ~møòmoVmÛmao Ho$bm Joë`mg g§ñWog A{YH$m{YH$
à_m{UV godm dm CËnmXZ CnbãY hmoV.o ho Iao Agbo VarXoIrb Ë`m_wio H$m_Jma
H$nmV g§^dVo. AZoH$ H$m_Jmam§da ~oH$marMr Hw$èhmS> H$mogiVo ho XoIrb Iao
Agbo VarXoIrb ~møòmoVmÛmao A{YH$m{YH$ ì`ŠVtZm amoOJma CnbãY hmoD$Z
Ë`m§Zm Am{W©H$ CnbãYVm àmá hmoVo. hohr {dgaVm `oÊ`mgmaIo Zmhr. `m_wio
AWm©O©ZmÀ`m g§Yr gd© ñVam§da CnbãY hmoVmV.
CXmhaUmW©, H|$Ðr` Q>nmb d Vma ImË`mÀ`m H$m_Jmam§À`m g§»`oV KQ> Pmbobr
Agbr Var Hw$[a`a godm§À`m CnbãYVo_wio A{YH$m{YH$ ì`ŠVtZm A{YH$ amoOJmam§Mr
g§Yr CnbãY Pmbr Amho. A{YH$m{YH$ gm`~a H°$\o$Mr {Z{_©Vr VgoM _wÐU
ì`dgm`mVrb g§JUH$mda AmYm[aV S>rQ>rnr H$aUo Aem ~Xbm§_wio ~møòmoVm§Mm bm^
A{YH$m{YH$ ì`ŠVtZm hmoV Agë`mMo {ZXe©ZmV `oVo.
(3) Cn^moŠË`m§Mo g§ajU : ~møòmoVm§Mm _Zwî`~i ñVamda dmna H$arV AgVmZm
g§ñWoMo d Cn^moŠVm / J«mhH$m§Mo g§ajU hmhr EH$ _wÔm Jm§^r`m©Zo KoVbm OmVmo.
H$maU Aem ~møòmoV _Zwî`~i ì`dñWmnZm_wio g§ñWoMr H$mhr Jw{nVo AWdm
gm§Ho${VH$ IwUm, gm§Ho${VH$ eãX `m§Mm dmna AÝ`Ì Ho$bm OmUo g§^dVo. `m_wio
g§ñWoÀ`m EHy$UM gj_Vo{df`r d XOm©{df`r Cn^moŠË`m§À`m _ZmV A{dídmgmMr
^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoVo. ^«ï> AmMmamg dm J¡aH¥$Ë`mg MmbZm {_iVo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 48
CXmhaUmW©, ~±Ho$Vrb AH$m¢Q>²gMr EQ>rE_Ûmao hmVmiUr, B§Q>aZoQ>Ûmao hmVmiUr,
_m{hVr-V§ÌkmZ godm g§X^m©Vrb gm§Ho${VH$ ñWim§Mm J¡admna, g§JUH$ AmkmdbrMm
J¡admna, BË`mXr ~m~r {dMmamV KoUo JaOoMo R>aVo.
Ago Agbo Var ~XbË`m J{V_mZ `wJmV ~møòmoVm§Mm _yi g§ñWoÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmV
A§V^m©d H$aUo hr AmOÀ`m H$mimMr JaO Amho. hr JaO Ho$di EH$m narjoH$[aVmM
ZgyZ Vr Xoem§VJ©V d Xoem~mhoa nmVirda AmOH$mb KoD$Z R>odbrbr Amho. Am{U
åhUyZM ~møòmoVm§Mm S>moignUo dmna hoM à^mdr ì`dñWmnZmMo ^{dî`mVrb bj
amhUma Amho.
g§X^©
(1)
http://www. librarymgmtsvc.com.(website of Library
Management Services, Inc.)
(2)
Dudeja, V.D., Information Technology, Production & Operation
Management Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi.
(3)
Lancaster, F.W. & Sandore, B., Technology and Management
in Library and Information Sciences, University of IIIinois,
Champayn IL, 1997.
ooo
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 49
~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i (Brain Storming)
àm. Or. E. ~wdm
g§H$ënZm {Z_m©U H$ê$Z EImÚm àíZmMr CH$b H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i ho
d¡Mm[aH$ {Z{_©{Và{H«$`oVrb _hÎdmMo V§Ì Amho. ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡imMm A§{V_ Q>ßnm hm
EImÚm g_ñ`oda gwM{dboë`m Cn`mMm A§{V_ Q>ßnm AgVmo. åhUOoM EImÚm g_ñ`oMo
{ZamH$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r ho V§Ì {ZpíMV Aer Cnm``moOZm gwM{dVo. `m à{H«$`o_Ü`o
_yb^yV g_ñ`oMo {ZamH$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ H$ënZm gwM{dë`m OmVmV. Aem
g§H$ënZm§Mo EH$ÌrH$aU H$ê$Z A§{V_ MM©Ûo mao {ZpíMV Aer Cnm``moOZm gwM{dÊ`mgmR>r
EH$ g§H$ënZm {ZpíMV Ho$br OmVo. hr g§H$ënZm 1953 _Ü`o Amog~Z© E. Eg. `m§Zr
Amnë`m Cn`mo{OV g§H$ënZm `m J«§WmV àW_ _m§S>br. øm g§H$ënZoMo Cn`moOZ nwT>rb
~m~tH$[aVm {dMmamV KoVbo OmVo :
(1) ZdrZ CËnmXZmÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r,
(2) g_ñ`oÀ`m {ZamH$aUmgmR>r,
(3) Om{hamVrH$aVm,
(4) à{H«$`m ì`dñWmnZ,
(5) àH$ën ì`dñWmnZ,
(6) g§KQ>Zm {Z{_©Vr,
(7) ì`dñWmnZ {Z`moOZ,
(8) d{H$br ì`dgm`, BË`mXr.
`m MMm©g_yhmMm AÜ`j hm Ë`m§Mm ZoVm AgVmo d Vmo hr MMm© nwT>o ZoÊ`mgmR>r
gmVË`nyd©H$ BVam§Zm àmoËgmhZ XoV AgVmo.
~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i (Brain Storming) øm g§H$ënZoMr Jwé{H$„r åhUOo Aem
MM©oÀ`m doir H$moUrhr {dMmaà{H«$`obm AS>Wim AmUm`Mm Zmhr. `m_wio EImXr
H$ënZm gwM{dë`mZ§Va Vr A{YH$m{YH$ `mo½` àH$mao {dH${gV H$aÊ`mgmR>r MMm© Mmby
R>odbr OmVo. Aer MMm© EImÚm ~§X ImobrV KS>dyZ AmUbr OmVo. `m MM©oV gh^mJr
hmoUmè`m ì`ŠVr EH$_oH$m§Zm gm_moao amhÿZ MMm© H$aÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Ambobr
AgVo.
{ZpíMV ñdê$nmV H$mhr d¡Mm[aH$ {Xem àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>r Am`mo{OV H$amd`mMm
~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i gÌmH$[aVm H$mhr _yb^yV {Z`_ g_moa R>do Uo JaOoMo AgVo. gd©gmYmaUnUo
ho {Z`_ qH$dm _wÔo nwT>rbà_mUo {dMmamV KoVbo OmVmV.
(1) g§»`mË_H$ ~m~ H|$ÐñWmZr R>do Uo
{d{dYA§Jr {dMma àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>r g§»`mË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ {dMma H$ê$Z Aem
VÁk ì`ŠVtMr MMm© KS>dyZ AmUë`m_wio "A{YH$ g§»`m, Mm§Jbr JwUdÎmm' ho gyÌ
àmá hmoVo. `mMmM AW© AZoH$m§À`m {dMmaYmaUoVyZ àmá Pmboë`m AZoH$ g§H$ënZm
A{YH$m{YH$ d¡Mm[aH$ {Z{_©Vrg MmbZm XoVmV d `mVyZM _yb^yV g_ñ`oMo n[aUm_H$maH$
CÎma gmnS>Vo. `m à{H«$`o_Ü`o EImXr ì`ŠVr ñdV§ÌnUo {dMma H$ê$Z nwÝhm MMo©V Zì`m
g§H$ënZmAmYmao gh^mJr hmoD$ eH$Vo. Aem àH$maMr à{H«$`m H$moUVrhr _`m©Xm Z
KmbVm nwÝhmnwÝhm MMm© KS>{dVm `oVo. `m§Mo A§{V_ Ü`o` d gmÜ` åhUOo MM©oV gh^mJr
Pmboë`m VÁkm§Mo ^yVH$mbrZ, dV©_mZ d ^{dî` g§X^m©Vrb {dMmam§Mo g§H$bZ hmo`.
(2) Qr>H$m H$aUo
~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i hm EH$mM ì`ŠVrÛmao AWdm ì`pŠVg_yhmÛmao KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mV
`oVmo. ì`pŠVg_yhm_Ü`o g_yhmVrb KQ>H$m§Zm EH$m {d{eï> g_ñ`oMo {ZamH$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r
H$ënZm gwM{dÊ`mH$[aVm àd¥Îm Ho$bo OmVo Am{U Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m H$ënZm _wŠV dmVmdaUmV
_moH$ionUmZo _m§S>mì`mV Ago gwM{dbo OmVo. `mMr MMm© EImÚm VÁk ì`ŠVrÀ`m
AÜ`jVoImbr KS>dZy AmUbr OmVo.
~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i MM©oÀ`m doir gh^mJr Pmboë`m VÁkm§Zr Q>rH$m H$amd`mMr
Zmhr ho `mMo Xwgao gyÌ AgVo. H$maU EImXr Jmoï> Vm~S>Vmo~ MwH$sMr R>a{dUo ho
ZdZdrZ g§H$ënZoÀ`m {dMmaYmaUog _maH$ R>aVo. `mgmR>r ZdZì`m H$ënZm gwM{dUo,
Ë`mÀ`m_Ü`o ZdZdrZ ^a KmbUo d Qr>H$m Q>miUo ho gwédmVrÀ`m Q>ßß`mV nmhUo JaOoMo
AgVo. `m_wio A§{V_ Q>ßß`mV Qr>H$mË_H$ ~m~tda {ZU©` KoUo gmo`rMo hmoVo. `m_Ü`o
àË`j Ý`m`{ZdmS>m Z H$aVm gh^mJr hmoUmè`m ì`ŠVr§Zm nyaH$ Ago ñdV§Ì dmVmdaU
{Z_m©U H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`m ì`pŠVJV g§H$ënZobm MmbZm XoUo Ë`m§À`m ì`pŠVJV {^Þ
ñdê$nmÀ`m g§H$ënZobm MmbZm XoUo n[aUm_H$maH$ R>aVo. AWm©V MM©oda H$mhr EH$
{Z`§ÌU R>odÊ`mgmR>r d A{YH$m{YH$ g§H$ënZm àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>r g§`_r ì`ŠVrÀ`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ gmohmX©nyU© Qr>H$mhr Ano{jV AgVo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 50
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 51
g§H$ënZm {gÕr CnH«$_
(3) Agm_mÝ` g§H$ënZoMo ñdmJV
Mm§Jë`m d A{YH$m{YH$ g§H$ënZm àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>r Agm_mÝ` g§H$ënZm§Mo ñdmJV
H$aUo JaOoMo AgVo. `m_wio H$Xm{MV ho CÎma {Z`{_V g§H$ënZm§À`m AWdm gm_mÝ`
g§H$ënZm§À`mnojmhr A{YH$ Mm§Jbo Agy eH$Vo. Aem g§H$ënZm J¥hrVH$ ~mOybm R>odyZ
doJiçm Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ {dMmamV KoUo CnH$maH$ R>aVo. EImÚm g§H$ënZo~m~V {dMma
H$aVmZm EImÚm eŠ` g§H$ënZonojm EImXr AeŠ` H$moQ>rVrb g§H$ënZm H$mhr doiobm
EImÚm Mm§Jë`m {ZpíMV ñdê$nmÀ`m A{YH$m{YH$ CnH$maH$ g§H$ënZobm OÝ_ XoD$
eH$Vo.
(4) g§H$ënZm§Mo EH$ÌrH$aU H$aUo qH$dm g§H$ënZo_Ü`o gwYmaUm H$aUo
H$mhr doim Mm§Jë`m g§H$ënZm§Mo EH$ÌrH$aU Ho$ë`mZo A{VCÎm_ g§H$ënZm
gmnS>Vo. Ogo 1+1 = 3 `mMmMm AW© dmñV{dH$nUo 1+1 `mMo CÎma 2 Ago nm{hOo;
nU àË`jmV Ë`mMo CÎma 3 Aem g§H$ënZoZo EH$m doJiçm {dMmaYmaUog MmbZm
{_iVo. `mM~amo~a `m à{H«$`oV gmVË`nydH© $ g§H$ënZo_Ü`o gwYmaUm H$aUo JaOoMo AgVo.
`m {Z`_mAmYmao ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i KS>V Agë`m_wio hm Ñ{ï>H$moZ A{YH$m{YH$ Mm§Jbm
d A{YH$m{YH$ g§H$ënZm§Zm OÝ_ XoV AgVmo. Ho$di Zì`m g§H$ënZm emoYÊ`mnojm
qH$dm Ë`mÀ`m_Ü`o d¥Õr H$aÊ`mnojm gd© g§H$ënZm§Mo EH$ÌrH$aU n[aUm_H$maH$ R>aVo.
~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i MMm©gÌmMo MwH$sMo Am`moOZ qH$dm A§{V_ _hÎdmH$m§jr Anojm
`m_wio àg§Jr Aem ~m¡{ÕH$ gÌmVyZ Ano{jV CÎma àmá hmoV Zmhr. Á`m doir darb
_yb^yV {Z`_m§Mo nmbZ Ho$bo OmV Zmhr qH$dm Á`m doir OmXy_` Anojm Ho$ë`m OmVmV
Ë`m doir Aem MMm©gÌmVyZ g_mYmZH$maH$ CÎma gmnS>V Zmhr Agm AZw^d Amho.
~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡igÌmMo ñdê$n d Am`moOZ
(A) _`m©{XV dm bhmZbhmZ ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡igÌmMo Am`moOZ
EImÚm g_ñ`oda àmW{_H$ ñdê$nmV CÎma emoYÊ`mgmR>r "~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i'Mo
gÌ n[aUm_H$maH$ R>aVo dm nyaH$ R>aVo. Á`m EImÚm g_ñ`oda Ëd[aV CÎmamMr
Amdí`H$Vm AgVo Aem doiog bhmZ dm _`m©{XV Ádm¡igÌmÀ`m Am`moOZmÛmao A{YH$
n[aUm_H$maH$ d nyaH$ CÎma H$_r doimV emoYVm `oVo. CXmhaUmW©, J«§Wmb`mVrb
EImÚm àH$ënmda H$m_ H$aUmè`m H$_©Mmè`m§n¡H$s EImÚmg AnKmV Pmë`mZo Vmo XrK©
_wXVrÀ`m aOoda Jobm Agë`mg H$mhr H$m_ {d^mJUr_Ü`o AS>Wim {Z_m©U hmoVmo.
Aem g_ñ`oMr nwZíM H$m`©{d^mJUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r g§~§{YV H$_©Mmar g_yhmA§VJ©V
N>mQo >rN>mQo >r gÌo KS>dZy g_ñ`oda Ëd[aV Cnm``moOZm H$aUo eŠ` hmoV.o nwT>rb AmH¥$Vrdê$Z
Aem gÌmMr g§H$ënZ ñnï> hmoUmar Amho.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 52
g_ñ`m
â
(1) g_ñ`m CH$bZmH$[aVm {ZpíMV àíZ dm g_ñ`m _m§S>Uo
â
(2) g_ñ`og§X^m©V Cnm``moOZm emoYÊ`mgmR>r g§H$ënZm§Mr _m§S>Ur
â
(3) Zo_Š`m g§H$ënZoMr dm n[aUm_H$maH$ g§H$ënZoMr {ZdS>
(1) g_ñ`m _m§S>Uo : g_ñ`og§X^m©Vrb Zo_H$s _m§S>Ur H$aUo d {VÀ`m CH$bmH$[aVm
àË`oH$ ì`ŠVrg g_ñ`oMr Zo_H$s OmUrd H$ê$Z XoUo.
(2) g§H$ënZm _m§S>Ur : eŠ` VodT>çm g§H$ënZmMr _m§S>Ur H$aUo. ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i
gÌmg§X^m©Vrb {Z`_mMo nmbZ H$aUo, Mm§Jë`m g§H$ënZmMr Zm|X H$aUo, Ago
gÌ 5 Vo 15 {_{ZQ>o gwê$ R>odUo.
(3) CÎm_ g§H$ënZoMr {ZdS> H$aUo : gdm©oÎm_ dm A{YH$m{YH$ nyaH$ g§H$ënZm
{ZdS>Uo.
JwV§ mJwV§ rMo ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡igÌ
Aem gÌmÀ`m Am`moOZmH$[aVm _yb^yV Am`moOZ _m§S>Ur H$em ñdê$nmMr AgVoo
`mMr H$ënZm nwT>rb nmZmdarb AmH¥${V~§Ymdê$Z ñnï> hmoUmar Amho. Aem gÌàg§Jr
g_ñ`oMo Zo_Ho$ ñdê$n d Vrd«Vm `m§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z `m_Ü`o JaOoZwê$n A{YH$m{YH$
KQ>H$m§Mm {dMma H$aVm `oUo eŠ` Amho.
(A) g_ñ`oMr {ZpíMVr
Aem àH$maMo gÌ Am`mo{OV H$aVmZm àW_ g_ñ`m ñnï>rH$aU AË`§V JaOoMo
AgVo. Aer g_ñ`m gwñnï>, AMyH$ Agmdr. hr g_ñ`m Zo_Š`m àíZê$nmV _m§S>Uohr
VodT>M
o _hÎdmMo AgVo. J«W§ mb`mÀ`m {dÚ_mZ pñWVrV H$moUË`m godm JaOoÀ`m AgyZhr
CnbãY ZmhrV ? Ago Zo_Ho$ àíZñdê$n Agmdo. Oa g_ñ`m J§^ra d {dñVm[aV ñdê$nmMr
Agob Va gÌmÜ`jmZo Aem g_ñ`og§X^m©V doJdoJiçm Aem àË`oH$ CnKQ>H$mH$[aVm
ñd§VÌ d Zo_Ho$ dm AMyH$ àíZ {ZYm©[aV H$aUo CnH$maH$ R>aVo. H$mhr g_ñ`m øm
{d{dYm§Jr dmQ>VmV; nU Ë`m§Mr g§»`mË_H$ _m§S>Ur eŠ` ZgVo. CXmhaUmW©, "`eñdr
J«§Wnmb hmoÊ`mH$[aVm H$moUH$moUË`m ~m~tMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo ? Aem g_ñ`o g§X^m©V
gd©gm_mÝ` {d^mOZ nwaogo R>aVo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 53
g_ñ`m
V`mar
â
g_ñ`m _m§S>Ur
â
gwédmV
g_ñ`oMr {d^mJUr
{ZpíMV g_ñ`oMr {d^mJUr
â
â
(S>) g_ñ`oer g§~{§ YV Xe©H$ àíZm§Mr {Z{_©Vr
àË`j g_ñ`oÀ`m Om{Udo_i
w o gh^mJr ì`ŠVr {XL²>_Ty > Pmboë`m AgVmV. Aem
doir g_ñ`oH$[aVm Cnm` gwM{dÊ`mgmR>r dm {VMr CH$b H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~¡R>H$sV àíZ
H$em àH$mao CnpñWV H$amdoV hoM H$moUmbm H$ioZmgo hmoV. Aem doir gÌmÀ`m
H$m`m©Ü`jm§Zr ñdV:M CH$b dm Cnm` gwMdÊ`mgmR>r Xe©H$ àíZ _m§S>mdoV. `m àg§Jr
Ago àíZ qH$dm g_ñ`m CH$brMo _mJ© Cn`wŠV R>aVrb H$m Aer {dMmaUm H$amdr.
AWdm Ago àíZ _m§S>Ê`mgmR>r gh^mJr ì`ŠVtZm àmoËgmhZ Úmdo. `m_wio MM©obm {Xem
àmá hmoÊ`mgmR>r EH$ Ioir_oirMo dmVmdaU V`ma hmoVo. BVa ~mOy§Zr hr g_ñ`m
CH$brH$[aVm {dMma H$aÊ`mgmR>r gh^mJr ì`ŠVtZm àmoËgm{hV H$amdo. Aem
H$ënZmXe©H$ àíZm§Mo dm Cnm`Xe©H$ _mJm©Mo gwédmVrg g§H$bZ H$amdo.
â
gÌmMo Am`moOZ
nmíd©^y_r H$WZ
â
gh^mJr ì`ŠVrMr {ZdS>
â
â
gh^mJr ì`ŠVrda {Z`§ÌU
(H$) gh^mJr§Mr {ZdS> ({d{dYm§Jr KQ>H$m§Zr `wŠV)
~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡igÌmV H$m`m©Ü`j hm `m gÌmV gh^mJr hmoUmè`m ì`ŠVr§Mr {ZdS>
H$aVmo. Aem gh^mJr ì`ŠVr§Zr _m§S>boë`m g§H$ënZm§Mo EH$ÌrH$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$
g§H$bH$hr {ZdS>bm OmVmo. Aem gÌmV gh^mJr hmoUmè`m ì`ŠVtMr g§»`m d {ZdS>
hr ~m~ AZoH$ A§Jm§Zr {dMmamV KoVm `oUo eŠ` AgVo. gm_mÝ`V: Aem gÌmH$[aVm
11 ì`ŠVtMr {ZdS> H$amdr Agm g§Ho$V Amho. `m_Ü`o nwT>rbà_mUo ì`ŠVr Agmì`mV
(1) g§~§{YV àH$ën g_ñ`oer g§~§YrV 5 ì`ŠVr,
(2) Aem g_ñ`o~Ôb {Oìhmim dm AmË_r`Vm dmQ>Umè`m nU `m àH$ënmer g§~{§ YV
Zgboë`m ~mhoarb 5 ì`ŠVr,
(3) EH$ g§H$bH$.
â
nmíd©^y_r g§X^m©Vrb {Q>nU nmR>{dUo
g§H$ënZm§Mr gyMr V`ma H$aUo
CH$b {ZpíMV H$aUo
(~) nmíd©^_y rMr _m§S>Ur
g_ñ`m§À`m nmíd©^y_rMr _m§S>Ur hr gh^mJr ì`ŠVtZm g_ñ`m CH$brg§X^m©V
g§H$ënZm _m§S>Ur H$aÊ`mg àd¥Îm Va H$aVoM; {edm` `mÛmao g_ñ`oMr _m{hVrhr CnbãY
hmoVo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 54
Am`moOZàg§Jr H$m`m©Ü`jmZo ñdV… gwédmV H$amdr d ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡igÌmMo
gd©gmYmaU {Z`_ nmiÊ`m~m~V gdmªZm AmdmhZ H$amdo. Aem gÌmVrb nm`è`m
nwT>rbà_mUo(1) _wŠV MMm© d Vrhr Q>rH$mË_H$ MMm© `mgmR>r gh^mJr ì`ŠVrH$[aVm _moH$ionUm
àmá H$ê$Z XoU.o CXmhaUmW©, J«W§ mb`mVrb g§JUH$godm A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m nÕVrZo
XoÊ`mgmR>r H$moUË`m gwYmaUm H$amì`mV? Aer g_ñ`m g_moa R>odyZ MM©og
àmoËgmhZ XoUo.
(2) H$m`m©Ü`jmZo àË`j g_ñ`m _m§S>mdr d JaOoZwgma g_ñ`o~m~V ñnï>rH$aU H$aUo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 55
(3) H$m`m©Ü`jmZo gh^mJr ì`ŠVtZm H$ënZm _m§S>Ê`m~m~V AmdmhZ H$aUo.
(4) gh^mJr ì`ŠVrH$Sy>Z g_ñ`m CH$brg§X^m©Vrb H$ënZm _m§S>ë`m OmV ZgVrb
Va Aem doir H$m`m©Ü`jmZo Xe©H$ ñdê$nmV H$ënZm _m§S>dyZ gh^mJr ì`ŠVtZm
A{YH$m{YH$ g`wpŠVH$ H$ënZm _m§S>Ê`mgmR>r àmoËgmhmZ XoUo
(5) àË`oH$ gh^mJr ì`ŠVrZo H$ënZm _m§S>Uo d g§H$ënH$mZo Ë`m g§H${bV H$aUo.
(6) AZoH$ ì`ŠVtZr Amnë`m H$ënZm _m§S>ë`m Agë`mg H$m`m©Ü`jmZo A{YH$m{YH$
g`wpŠVH$ H$ënZoMr {ZdS> H$ê$Z Aem ì`ŠVrg H$ënZm _m§S>Ê`mg d {VMo
ñnï>rH$aU H$aÊ`mg àW_ g§Yr Úmdr. `m H$ënZoMr {ZdS> H$aVmZm H$m`m©Ü`jmZo
g§~§{YV ì`ŠVrMr Xoh~mobr dm dV©UyH$ `mdê$Z AWdm A{YH$ g`wpŠVH$
H$ënZo~m~V {dMmaUm H$amdr.
(7) `m Qß>ß`mda gh^mJr ì`ŠVtZr Amnbr H$ënZm A{YH$ gwñnï> d JwUmË_H$
ÑîQ>çm H$er Cn`wŠV R>aob `m~m~V à`ËZ H$aUo.
(8) {ZYm©[aV doi g§në`mda g§~§{YV KmofdmŠ` g_ñ`oer g§~§Yr H$ënZm§Mo g§KQ>Z
H$ê$Z MM©og àmoËgmhZ XoUo. Aem doiobm Zì`mZo H$mhr H$ënZm g_moa `oD$
eH$VmV.
(9) `m ñVamda àmá H$ënZm§Mo dJuH$aU H$aUo.
(10) gdmªZmM H$ënZm gwñnï> hmoÊ`mgmR>r àmá gd© H$ënZm§À`m `mXrMo nwZamdbmoH$Z
H$aUo. Á`m H$ënZm {ÛéŠVr ñdê$nmÀ`m AmhoV dm Á`m AeŠ` H$moQ>rVrb
AmhoV dm g`wpŠVH$ ZmhrV, Ë`m aÔ~mVb H$aUo.
(11) H$m`m©Ü`jm§Zr gd© gh^mJr ì`ŠVtMo Am^ma _mZUo d gÌm_Yrb gh^mJm~Ôb
H$m¡VwH$ H$aUo.
gd©gm_mÝ` CÎm_ nÕVr
~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡igÌ Am`moOZ Am{U Ë`mnmgyZ àmá hmoUmè`m ZdZdrZ g§H$ënZm
d Ë`mVrb {ZpíMV d Zo_H$s g§H$ënZm CnbãY hmoÊ`mgmR>r gd©gm_mÝ`nUo nwT>rb
~m~rXoIrb AË`§V _hÎdnyU© Amho
· Aem gÌmVrb H$mhr gh^mJr ì`ŠVtZm Amnbr g§H$ënZm gwñnï> H$aUo dm
gmXa H$aUo eŠ` Zgob Aem ì`ŠVr¨Zm Ë`m§À`m g§H$ënZm {b{IV ñdê$nmV
Zm|XdyZ Ë`mZ§Va gmXa H$amd`mMr g§Yr XoUo.
· g§H$ënZm g§H${bV H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVrZo Aem g§H$ënZm g§J«{hV H$ê$Z R>odUo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 56
·
·
·
Ë`m§Mr g§»`m Zm|X{dUo Amdí`H$ Amho. H$maU `m_wio gÌH$m`m©Ü`jmg Agboë`m
g§H$ënZm§nojm A{YH$ g§H$ënZm `mì`mV `mgmR>r àmoËgmhZna AmdmhZ H$aUo
eŠ` hmoV.o CXmhaUmW©, EImÚm gÌmV 35 g§H$ënZm Amë`m Agë`mg, AmnU
AOyZhr 15 ZdZdrZ g§H$ënZm gwMdm Aem àH$mao àmoËgmhZ XoUo.
g§H$ënZm g§H${bV H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVtZr àmá g§H$ënZm§Mm nwZéƒma H$amdm.
`m_wio _yi g§H$ënZm _m§S>Umè`m ì`ŠVrg Ë`mVrb _{WVmW© A{YH$ gwñnï>
hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoVo.
A{YH$m{YH$ g§H$ënZm àmá Pmë`mg A{YH$m{YH$ g`wpŠVH$ g§H$ënZog
àmYmÝ`H«$_ Úmdm. `m_wio nydu _m§S>boë`m g§H$ënZm§Mo gwñnï>rH$aU d AmT>mdm
KoUo eŠ` hmoVo. Ë`mg àmoËgmhZ àmá hmoVo.
Aem àË`oH$ MMm©gÌà§gJr gÌà_wImZo àË`j MM}À`m doir Cn{ñWV amhUo
AàñVwV R>aVo. H$Xm{MV `m_wio BVa gh^mJr ì`ŠVtg {ZéËgmh {Z_m©U hmoVmo.
`m_wio `mVrb _w»` MMm© d {Z`_m§Zm ~mYm `oVo d _wŠVnUo Anma§n[aH$ g§H$ënZm
_m§S>Ê`mg AS>MUhr {Z_m©U hmoVo. `mñVd àg§Jr gÌà_wImZo H$mhr doi dm
nyU©doi gÌmnmgyZ Xya amhUo CnH$maH$ R>aVo.
~m¡{ÕH$ gÌmMm Cn`moJ
Aem gÌm§À`m Am`moOZm_wio àmá hmoUmè`m g§H$ënZm nwT>rb ~m~tgmR>r Cn`moJr
R>aVmV.
· H$mhr doib
o m Aem gÌmVyZ àmá hmoUmè`m ZdZì`m g§H$ënZm ì`pŠVJV nmVirda
_mJ©Xe©H$ Va R>aVmVM; {edm` g§~§{YV ì`ŠVrg ñdV…À`m g§H$ënZm nS>VmiyZ
nmhVm `oVmV. Ë`mÀ`m g§H$ënZm _m§S>Ê`mÀ`m nÕVrbm MmbZm {_iVo. Zdr
{Xem d Ñ{ï>H$moZ àmá hmoVmo.
· ì`mnmamg§X^m©Vrb ì`mnmar n§anam … ì`mnmamg§X^m©Vrb ì`mnmar n[afXm§_Yrb
MMm©gÌo, Ý`m`XmZjoÌmVrb MMm©gÌo Aem ñdê$nmÀ`m _yb^yV YmoaUmË_H$
{Z{_©{VjoÌm~amo~aM AZwËnmXH$ joÌmVrb d¡Mm[aH$ MMm© A{YH$ JwUmË_H$
hmoÊ`mgmR>r Aer MMm©gÌo Cn`wŠV R>aVmV.
{Z{_©{VjoÌmVrb à{ejU d Ë`mVrb g_ñ`m àË`j {Z{_©Vr_Yrb AS>MUr
Aem g§X^m©Vrb g_ñ`m§VyZ ì`pŠVJV dm g§KQ>ZmË_H$ nmVirdarb g_ñ`m§Mr CH$b
H$aÊ`mgmR>r hr MMm©gÌo Cn`wŠV R>aVmV.
àË`jmV ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡igÌmMo Am`moOZ ho _w»`ËdoH$ê$Z ZdZdrZ H$ënZm§À`m
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 57
_m§S>UrgmR>r Agbo VarXoIrb Ë`mMm BVa ~m~VrV Mm§Jë`m àH$mao Cn`moJ hmoVmo.
CXmhaUmW©(1) g§~{YV ~m~VrV gÌmÀ`m g_márZ§VaXoIrb gXm gd©H$mi {d{dY H$ënZm§À`m
AZwf§JmZo MmbZm àmárgmR>r d Ë`mÀ`m gh^mJmg àmoËgmhZ {_iÊ`mgmR>r.
(2) {Z{_©{Vj_ MMm© d Ë`mVrb gh^mJ `m g§X^m©Vrb à{ejU Aem ~m~t~amo~a
Aem MMm©gÌmZ§VaXoIrb àË`j H¥$VrgmR>r Cn`wŠV R>aVmV.
(3) Aem MMm©oVrb gh^mJm_wio gh^mJr ì`ŠVtÀ`m EH${ÌV `oÊ`m_wio Ë`m§À`mV
ghg§~§Y {Z_m©U hmoVmo. Ë`m§À`mV EH$Ì H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr dmT>rg bmJVo.
EH$_oH$m§Mo åhUUo EoHy$Z KoÊ`mMr j_Vm {Z_m©U hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm àmoËgmhZ àmá
hmoV.o `m~amo~a EH$m g_yhmMm KQ>H$ åhUyZ OmUrdnydH© $ H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr Z¡{VH$Vm
Ë`m§À`mV {Z_m©U hmoVo.
(4) gh^mJr ì`ŠVt_Ü`o EH$_oH$m§V MMm© KSy>Z EH$ {Z{_©{Vj_ Am§ZXXm`r dmVmdaU
V`ma hmoVo.
OmVmV. hr {H«$`m àË`oH$mMm H$mJX Á`mÀ`m Ë`mÀ`m hmVmV `oB©n`ªV Mmby amhVo. Aem
à{H«$`o_wio A§{V_ Q>ßß`mV A{YH${YH$ gj_ g§H$ënZm nwT>o `oVmV.
g§H$ënZm g§H$bZ nÕVr
(~) g_yh g§H$ënZm _mnZ V§Ì
`m nÕVrZwgma gh^mJr Pmbobr àË`oH$ ì`ŠVr ñdV…Mr g§H$ënZm ñdV§Ì
H$mJXmda Zm|XdyZ Vr bJVÀ`m ì`ŠVrH$S>o Vmo H$mJX XoVo. hr {H«$`m KS>çmimÀ`m
H$mQ>çmÀ`m {XeoZo nwT>o nwT>o OmVo. Aem àH$mao _yi ì`ŠVrZo _m§S>boë`m g§H$ënZoImbr
g_yhmVrb ì`ŠVr Amnbo _V _m§S>V OmVmV dm Amnbr H$ënZm `m AZwf§JmZo _m§S>V
(S>) g_yh g§H$ënZm _mnZ nÕVr
`m nÕVr_wio _mZdr _|XyV Z¡g{J©H$nUo gwMUmè`m {d{dY H$ënZm§Zm AJXr
ghOnUo Va\o$gmaIo gmhmæ` àmá hmoVo Am{U `m_wio g§H$ënZm g§H$bZ AWdm d¡Mm[aH$
MMm© A{YH$ gj_nUo {dH${gV hmoVo. `m_wio g§H$ënZm§Mr g§»`m dmT>Ê`mg _XV hmoVo.
H$maU `m_Ü`o gd©M ì`ŠVr gh^mJ KoV AgVmV Am{U Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z Amboë`m
g§H$ënZm§Mm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm OmVmo. H$moUVrhr g§H$ënZm aÔ~mVb R>a{dÊ`mV `oV
Zmhr. hr {H«$`m EImÚm n[anyU© g_ñ`oÀ`m _m§S>UrZ§Va gwê$ hmoVo. `m_Ü`o àË`oH$
ì`ŠVr ñdV…M {dMma_§WZ H$ê$Z g_ñ`og§X^m©V Imobda qMVZ H$ê$Z Amnbr H$ënZm
_m§S>Vo Aem qMVZmVyZ àmá Pmboë`m gd© g§H$ënZm EH$m {dñV¥V ZH$memda _m§S>ë`m
OmVmV. ho g§H$bZ gwê$ AgVmZm gd©M gh^mJr ì`ŠVr§_Ü`o EH$ gd©gmYmaU _V
J¥hrV Yê$Z Ë`m-Ë`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m g§H$ënZo_mJrb Ë`mMm Ë`mMm AW© {dMmamV KoVbm
OmVmo. Aem àH$maMr XodmUKodmU gwê$ AgVmZm àË`oH$mÀ`m _|XyV Z¡g{J©H$nUo MM}À`m
AZwf§JmZo ZdZdrZ g§H$ënZm gwMV amhVmV. `m gd© g§H$ënZm {dñV¥V ZH$memda
Zm|X{dë`m OmVmV. `mVrb EImÚm ì`ŠVrZo AWdm g_yhmZo _m§S>boë`m g§H$ënZm
ñdV§ÌnUo Z ñdrH$maVm gd© g§H$ënZm Zo_Ho$nUmZo _m§S>ë`mZ§Va g§nyU© gh^mJr g_yh
H$moUË`m g§H$ënZobm àmYmÝ` Úmd`mMo `mgmR>r AWdm àmá g_ñ`m§Mm àmYmÝ`H«$_
{ZpíMV H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m`©aV hmoVmo.
Aem àH$mao ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡igÌmH$[aVm darb V§ÌmMm dmnahr Cn`wŠV R>aVmo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 58
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 59
(A) gd©gm_mÝ` g_yh V§Ì
`m V§ÌmÛmao ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i MMm©gÌo Am`moOZ H$aVmZm gdmªÀ`m åhUÊ`mH$S>o
bj XoVm `oVo. `m_Ü`o JwUmË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ gyMr V`ma Ho$br OmVo.
Aer gyMr V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r gd© ì`ŠVtZm EH$m H$mJXmda g§H$ënZm _m§S>Ê`mg
gwM{dbo OmVo. Aem gÌmVrb à_wImÛmao Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m g§H$ënZm EH$ EH$ H$ê$Z
_m§S>m`Mr g§Yr XoÊ`mV `oVo. Amnë`m VÎdmZwgma à_wI, _m§S>boë`m gd© g§H$ënZm§Mr
Zm|X H$aVmo d Aem àH$mao gd© g§H$ënZm§Mr _m§S>Ur Ho$ë`mda Ë`m§Zm JwUXmZ H$aÊ`mV
`oVo. ho JwUXmZ àË`oH$ gh^mJr ì`ŠVr H$aV AgVo. Aem gd© gh^mJr ì`ŠVtZr
g§H$ënZobm {Xboë`m JwUXmZmMr gamgar H$mTy>Z EH$ JwUmË_H$ gyMr V`ma H$aÊ`mV
`oV.o
(H$) g§H$ënZm {gÕr nwñVH$
darb nÕVrH$[aVm n`m©`r nÕV åhUyZ g§H$ënZm nwñVH$ {gÕ Ho$bo OmVo.
gwadmVrg `m nwñVH$mÀ`m n{hë`m n¥ð>mda EH$ {dVaU `mXr OmoS>br OmVo. nwñVH$mÀ`m
n{hë`m n¥ð>mda _yi g_ñ`oMo ñdê$n Zmo§Xbobo AgVo. `mZ§Va g_yhmVrb ì`ŠVrH$S>o ho
nwñVH$ {Xbo OmVo. Vr ì`ŠVr Amnë`m _ZmVrb H$ënZm {dVaU `mXrda Zm|XdyZ Vo
nwñVH$ bJVÀ`m ì`ŠVrH$S>o XoVo Am{U Aem nÕVrZo ho nwñVH$ _yi ì`ŠVrH$S>o `oB©n`ªV
àË`oH$ ì`ŠVr g_ñ`oÀ`m AZwfJ§ mZo Amnbr H$ënZm ZmoX§ drV OmVo. `mZ§Va `m nwñVH$mVrb
ZdZdrZ H$ënZm§Mm AmT>mdm KoÊ`mgmR>r AmT>mdm ~¡R>H$ KoVbr OmVo. dmñV{dH$ nmhVm
hr à{H«$`m XrK© H$mi MmbUmar Agbr Var `mÛmao g_ñ`oÀ`m g§X^m©V Imobda {dMma
H$ê$Z Amnbo _V Zmo§X{dÊ`mg g§~§{YV ì`ŠVtZm nwaogm doi {_iVmo. `m nÕVr_wio
g_ñ`oÀ`m CH$brH$[aVm AZoH$ g§H$ënZm àmá hmoVmV.
~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i hr g§H$ënZm àW_V… Ooìhm "{dMma H$ma§Om'(Thought
Shower) `m g§kb
o m n`m©`r g§km åhUyZ gwM{dÊ`mV Ambr Ë`mÀ`mda {~«{Q>e d¥ÎmnÌmVyZ
IynM MMm© Pmbr; BVHo$M Zìho Va `m g§X^m©V Dep. of Enterprise Trade and
Investment in Belfast Ûmao 'Poltical Correctness' `m _Wù`mImbr
Observer `m d¥ÎmnÌmV 26 OyZ 2005 _Ü`o d¥Îm àg¥V Pmbo hmoVo.
`m g§X^m©V 2005 gmbr `wZm`Q>oS> qH$JS>_ M°[aQ>r Z°eZb gmogm`Q>r \$m°a
B{nbÝgr (NSE) Ûmao EH$ _VMmMUr KoÊ`mV Ambobr hmoVr. `m _VMmMUrV
93% bmoH$m§Zr ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i (Brain Storming) `m g§kog hmoH$mamË_H$ à{VgmX
{Xbobm hmoVm. EHy$UM g_ñ`oMo {ZamH$aU dm CH$b H$aÊ`mgmR>r "~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i'
(Brain Storming) ho A{^`mZ AË`§V CnH$maH$ R>aVo. H$moUË`mhr àH$maÀ`m g§ñWoÀ`m
ì`dñWmnZ g_ñ`oÀ`m CH$brH$[aVm ho A{^`mZ AmOda bm^Xm`H$ R>aV Ambo Amho.
VÛVM ì`ŠVr dm g_yhmÀ`m g_ñ`oH$S>o AWdm EImÚm àH$ënmÀ`m {gÕrH$[aVm "~m¡{ÕH$
Ádm¡i' hr EH$ bm^Xm`H$ à{H«$`m Amho.
J«W
§ mb` d "~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i' g§H$ënZm
J«§Wmb` hr EH$ g§ñWm Amho. VgoM J«§Wmb` ho g_mO, {‹ejU, g§emoYZ, CÚmoJ
ì`dgm` Aem {Z{_©{Vj_ joÌm~amo~a AmZwËnm{XV joÌm§er g§~§{YV Amho. gmh{OH$M
Aem {^Þ ñdê$nmÀ`m d g_mOmon`Jr g§ñWoMr {Z{_©Vr Vo dmQ>Mmb `m AZwf§JmZo
AZoH$ g_ñ`m `oD$ eH$VmV. Ë`m g_ñ`m JwUmË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m
àH$mao H$em Xya H$aVm `oVrb `mH$[aVm ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡igÌmMo Am`moOZ {ZpíMV Cn`wŠV
R>aUmao Amho.
Aem g_ñ`m§~m~V gd©gmYmaUV… ~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡imMm Adb§~ nwT>rb ~m~tH$[aVm
CnH$maH$ R>aVmo.
(01) J«§Wmb` H$moR>o ñWmnZ H$amdo, Ë`mMo n[ajoÌ d àË`j Ë`mÀ`m OmJoMr {ZdS>.
(02) J«§Wmb`mMo _Zwî`~i, ~møì`dñWmnZ òmoV d Am{W©H$ ~m~r BË`mXr g_ñ`m.
(03) J«§Wmb`mÛmao {Xë`m OmUmè`m godm.
(04) J«W§ mb`mÛmao {Xë`m OmUmè`m godm, Ë`m~Ôb dmMH$m§À`m à{VH«$`m d Ë`m~m~VMo
Cn`moOZ.
(05) J«§Wmb`mVrb dmMZgm{hË` {ZdS> d {dH$mg.
(06) g§emoYZ J«§Wmb`mVrb {deof XOm©À`m godm, Ë`m§Mr _m§S>Ur d CnbãYVm.
(07) J«§Wmb`mH$[aVm A{YH$m{YH$ gj_, Cn`wŠV V§ÌkmZmMm Ad§b~, g§JUH$
àUmbrMr {ZdS>, BË`mXr.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 60
(08) J«§Wmb`mMm ^m¡{VH$ {dñVma.
(09) J«§Wmb`godm§Mm {dñVma.
(10) J§«Wmb`mÛmao am~{dbo OmUmao CnH«$_, Ë`m§Mo Am`moOZ d d¡{dÜ`, BË`mXr.
(11) AbrH$S>oM {dH${gV Pmbobo g§JUH$ d _m{hVr-V§ÌkmZ joÌ, Ë`mMm à^mdr
dmna hmoÊ`mgmR>r {ZdS>md`mMr gmYZgm_J«r.
(12) V§ÌkmZ godVo rb g_ñ`m.
Aem AZoH$m§Jr g_ñ`m§À`m CH$brH$[aVm "~m¡{ÕH$ Ádm¡i' g§H$ënZm _mJ©Xe©H$
R>aUmar Amho.
àË`j CXmhaU åhUyZM ¿`md`mMo Va (SOUL) AmkmdbrMm dmna. {VÀ`m
~m~VMo à{ejU `m AZwf§JmZo `e§dVamd MìhmU _hmamï´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, Zm{eH$
`m§Zr E_. {b~. A°ÊS> Am`. Eñgr Aä`mgH«$_mV (SOUL) Mm A§V^m©d H$aVmZm
Zm{eH$ `oWo EH$ H$m`©emim Am`mo{OV Ho$bobr hmoVr. `m_Ü`o àË`j g§JUH$sH$aUmH$[aVm
_Zwî`~imMr CnbãYVm, {ZYr, V§ÌkmZ d àË`j dmna `m§~m~V {d{dY ñVam§da
V§kmer MMm© H$ê$Z (SOUL) àUmbrMm àñVwV Aä`mgH«$_mV g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV
Ambobm Amho.
❏❏❏
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 61
B©-OZ©ëg … H$Ýgm°{e©`m
àm. amO|Ð gmIao
àñVmdZm
dëS>© dmB©S> do~ (www) d B§Q>aZoQ> `m XmoZ gmYZm§Zr àH$meZjoÌm_Ü`o Am_ybmJ«
~Xb KS>dyZ AmUbm Amho. BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ dmMZgmYZm§Mm CX` hr {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m
AIo a rg KSy > Z Ambo b r _hÎdny U © KQ> Z m hmo ` . gm_mÝ` AWdm bmo H ${à`
dmMZgmYZm§~amo~aM {dÛV g§àofUmÀ`m gmYZm§À`m àH$meZmVhr B§Q>aZoQ>Mm _moR>çm
à_mUmda Cn`moJ hmoV Amho. na§Vw, BboŠQ´m°{ZH$ gmYZm§À`m CnbãYVoZo Oem AZoH$
ZdrZ g§Yr {Z_m©U Ho$boë`m AmhoV, VemM g_ñ`mhr Cä`m Ho$ë`m AmhoV. `m gmYZm§Mo
J«§Wb`mÀ`m ~m~VrV AZoH$ n[aUm_ {XgyZ `oVmV. g§KQ>Z, g§aMZm, BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$
gmYZm§Mo CnmO©Z (acquisition), `m gmYZm§da H$amd`mMr à{H«$`m (dJuH$aU,
Vm{bH$sH$aU), ~m¡{ÕH$ ñdm{_Ëd h¸$, nadmZm nÕVr, BË`mXr.
"H$Ýgm°{e©`m' `m g§H$ënZoMm CX`
CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVmV. na§Vw Aem EH${ÌV n°Ho$OMr dJ©Ur Iyn AgVo d Vr H$moUË`mhr
EH$m J«§Wmb`mbm nadS>V Zmhr. Voìhm AZoH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr EH$Ì `oD$Z ghH$mar VÎdmda
Ë`m n°Ho$OMr dJ©Ur ^abr Var _Ü`ñW dJ©Ur ñdrH$maÊ`mg V`ma AgVmV d dJ©Ur
^aë`mZ§Va `moOZoVrb gd© gh^mJr J«§Wmb`m§Zm S>oQ>m~og_Yrb CnbãY OZ©ëg àmá
H$aÊ`mMm nadmZm XoÊ`mV `oVmo.
darb MM}À`m AZwf§JmZo "H$Ýgm°{e©`m' `m g§koMr ì`mnH$ ì`m»`m nwT>rbà_mUo
H$aVm `oB©b""H$Ýgm°{e©`m åhUOo AZoH$ J«§Wmb`m§Zr EH${ÌV `oD$Z B©-OZ©ëgÀ`m S>oQ>m~ogMr
dJ©Ur EH${ÌV[aË`m ^aUo d g§~§{YV S>oQ>m~og_Yrb CnbãY Am°ZbmB©Z OZ©ëg àmá
H$aÊ`mMm nadmZm {_i{dUo. `m H$m`m©V _Ü`ñWm~amo~a MMm© H$aÊ`mH$[aVm EImÚm
J«§Wmb`mg A{YH$ma {Xbo OmVmV. Ë`m J«§Wmb`mVrb EImXm à{V{ZYr g_Ýd`H$ åhUyZ
H$m`© H$aVmo. nadmZm {_i{dÊ`mÀ`m H$mJXnÌmda ghr H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$mahr `m
g_Ýd`H$ (co-ordinator) ì`ŠVrg {Xbobm AgVmo. H$amanÌH$mV g_m{dï>
H$amd`mÀ`m gd© AQ>tg§X^m©V Vmo MMm© H$ê$Z A§{V_ {ZU©` H$aVmo.''
WmoS>Š`mV, H$Ýgm°{e©`m hr g§km åhUOo gmYZm§Mm ghH$mar VÎdmda Cn`moJ
(Resource Sharing) `m g§koMo {dñVm[aV ñdê$n AgyZ Vr BboŠQ´m°{ZH$ gmYZm§À`m
g§X^m©V d {deofV… B©-OZ©ëg ghH$mar nÕVrZo Cnm{O©V H$aÊ`mÀ`m nÕVrV Cn`moJmV
AmUbr OmVo.
H$Ýgm°{e©`mMr Amdí`H$Vm
A_o[aHo$_Ü`o øm g§kM
o m dmna J«W§ mb`joÌmV AZoH$ ñdê$nmVrb ghH$mar VÎdmda
Ho$ë`m OmUmè`m H$m`mªH$[aVm d nma§n[aH$ gmYZm§À`m g§X^m©VM Ho$bm OmVmo. VgoM `m
g§koMm {deofH$ê$Z B©-OZ©ëgMr àmár H$aÊ`mg§X^m©V, Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. H$maU B©OZ©ëg doJdoJù`m ñdê$nmV EH${ÌV[aË`m CnbãY hmoV AmhoV. àH$meZg§ñWm§Zm
ñdV§Ì[aË`m Ë`m§Mr àH$meZo Am°ZbmB©Z CnbãY H$aUo Am{W©H$ ÑîQ>çm, Vm§{ÌH$ÑîQ>çm
VgoM {dnUZmÀ`m Ñï>rZo nadS>Umao ZgVo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m àH$meZm§À`m {dVaUmH$[aVm
Ë`m§Zm _Ü`ñW Zo_mdo bmJVmV. _Ü`ñWm§_m\©$V EH${ÌV[aË`m AZoH$ B©- OZ©ëg CnbãY
hmoVmV. AWm©VM àH$meH$m§Zm `mo½` Vr qH$_V XoD$ZM _Ü`ñWm§Zm Vr {dV[aV H$aÊ`mMm
nadmZm àmá hmoVmo. _Ü`ñWm§H$S>o Aem [aVrZo AZoH$ B©-OZ©ëgMo EH${ÌV n°Ho$O CnbãY
AgVo. `mbmM A°{J«JoeZ Agohr åhUVmV d _Ü`ñWmg "A°{J«JoQ>a' Ago g§~moYbo
OmVo. _Ü`ñW dJ©Ur ñdrH$mê$Z Ë`m§À`m ßb°Q>\$m°_©dê$Z B©-OZ©ëgMo EH${ÌV n°Ho$O
(1) AZoH$ N>moQ>çm àH$meH$m§Zm dmT>Ë`m {H$_Vr_wio nma§n[aH$ ñdê$nmVrb
{Z`VH$m{bHo$ àH$m{eV H$aUo AeŠ` AgVo. J«§Wmb`m§Zmhr dmT>Ë`m {H$_Vr_wio
{Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mr dJ©Ur ^aUo ~§X H$amdo bmJVo. {Xdg|{Xdg A§XmOnÌH$mVrb
a¸$_hr H$_r hmoV Amho.
(2) AZoH$ àH$meH$ Ë`m§Mr àH$meZo Ho$di B©-OZ©ëg ñdê$nmV àH$m[eV H$arV
AmhoV d Ë`m§À`m {dVaUmMo h¸$ Vo _Ü`ñWm§H$S>o (aggregators) XoV AmhoV.
(3) AZoH$ {dÛV g§ñWm/ g§emoYZ g§ñWm (Learned societies) Ë`m§Mr àH$meZo
_Ü`ñWm§_m\©$V {dV[aV H$arV AmhoV.
(4) ~aoMgo B©-OZ©ëg ñdV§Ì[aË`m àmá H$aVm `oV ZmhrV. B©-OZ©ëg EH${ÌV n°Ho$O
ñdê$nmV _Ü`ñWm§_m\©$V àmá hmoVmV. EH${ÌV n°H$o OMr dJ©Ur N>mQo >çm J«W§ mb`m§Zm
AWdm ì`pŠVJV EH$Q>çm J«§Wmb`m§Zm nadS>V Zmhr. H$Ýgm°{e©`m hm Ë`mda
CÎm_ Cnm` Amho.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 62
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 63
(5) Á`m J«§Wmb`m§Zm _hÎdnyU© d AË`mdí`H$ (core) {Z`VH$m{bHo$ hdr AgVmV
Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§Mr nma§n[aH$ ñdê$nmVrb (Print-on-paper) àVtMr dJ©Ur ^aUo
eŠ` ZgVo. H$Ýgm°{e©`m `moOZoA§VJ©V Aer {Z`VH$m{bHo$ H$_r n¡emV àmá
hmoD$ eH$VmV.
H$Ýgm°{e©`mMo _m°S>ëo g
B§Q>aZ°eZb H$moE{beZ Am°\$ bm`~«ar H$Ýgm°{e©`mZo (ICOLC) `m~m~V AZoH$
~m~tMm Aä`mg Ho$bm AgyZ nadmZm {_i{dÊ`mÀ`m g§X^m©V AÚ`mdV _m{hVr {Xbr
OmVo. `m g§KQ>ZoMm do~gmB©Q> nÎmm nwT>rbà_mUowww.library.yale.edu/consortia
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
`m g§ñWoZo gwM{dbobo _m°S>oëg nwT>rbà_mUoQ>m`Q>b-~m`-Q>m`Q>b g~pñH«$ßeZ _m°S>ob (àË`oH$ erf©H$mZwgma doJir dJ©Ur
_m°S>ob) … `m àH$maÀ`m _m°S>obMm A§JrH$ma AZoH$ J«§Wmb`m§H$Sy>Z nma§n[aH$
ñdê$nmVrb (print-on-paper) OZ©ëgMr dJ©Ur ^aÊ`mH$[aVm Ho$bm OmVmo.
`m _m°S>obMm J«§Wmb`m§Zm Agm \$m`Xm hmoVmo H$s, EImÚm g§ñWoÀ`m AZoH$
àH$meZm§n¡H$s H$mhr àH$meZo KoVbr qH$dm gd© àH$meZo KoVbr Va Ë`mV gyQ>
{_iVo.
"qàQ> ßbg' _m°S>ob … `m_Ü`o nma§n[aH$ ñdê$nmVrb Amd¥ÎmrMr qH$_V
BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ Amd¥Îmrgh KoVbr OmVo. VgoM nma§n[aH$ Amd¥Îmr ~§X Ho$br OmUma
Zmhr Aer h_r boIr H$amamV KoVbr OmVo.
"BboŠQ´>m{° ZH$ ßbg' _m°S>b
o … `m_Ü`o _w»` dJ©Ur BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ Amd¥ÎmrMr
KoVbr OmVo d `mV nma§n[aH$ (print-on-paper) ñdê$nmVrb Amd¥ÎmrMr OmXm
dJ©Ur AmH$mabr OmVo.
"Am°b-`y-H°$Z BQ>' _m°S>b
o … H$mhr doiog J«§Wmb` àH$meH$m§À`m CnbãY
S>oQ>m~og_Yrb WmoS>çmM nma§n[aH$ OZ©ëgMr dJ©Ur ^aVmV; na§Vw àH$meZ
Ë`m§À`mH$S>o CnbãY Agbobo gd© OZ©ëg J«§Wmb`m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVmV.
(print + electronic)
"no-~m`-X-qS´>H$' _m°S>b
o … `m _m°S>obZwgma Ho$di H$mhr {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Vrb
R>amdrH$ boIm§H$[aVm Vwåhr n¡go XoD$Z Vo àmá H$ê$ eH$Vm qH$dm Á`m boIm§Mm
Cn`moJ H$am`Mm Amho VodT>çmM boIm§Mo n¡go XoD$Z Vwåhr Vo àmá H$ê$ eH$VmV.
H$Ýgm°{e©`mÀ`m AmYmao B©-OZ©ëg CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUmè`m H$mhr g§ñWm
nwT>rbà_mUokmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 64
A_o[aH$Z {\${OH$b gmogm`Q>r, A_o[aH$Z BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> Am°\$ {\${OŠg, E_gr~r
àog (E{_amëS> H$Ýgm°{e©`m), BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> Am°\$ {\${OŠg npãbqeJ, dm`br
B§Q>a gm`Ýg, A_o[aH$Z _°Wo_°{Q>H$b gmogm`Q>r, BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> Am°\$ BbopŠQ´>H$b
A°ÊS> BboŠQ´>m°{ZŠg B§{OZr`g©, Epëg{d`a gm`Ýg, gm`Ýg S>m`aoŠQ>, pñà¨Ja
ìhab°J qbH$, A_o[aH$Z Ho${_H$b gmogm`Q>r, BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> \$m°a gm`§{Q>{\$H$
BÝ\$a_o e Z (Am`EgAm`), Amo g rEbgr, Ao [ aH$Z gm`H$m° b m° { OH$b
Agmo{gEeZ, S>m`bm°J, BË`mXr.
H$Ýgm°{e©`mMo \$m`Xo
(A) àH$meH$m§Zm hmoUmao \$m`Xo
(1) J«mhH$ {_iÊ`mMr ImÌr. AÝ`Wm Ho$di nma§n[aH$ ñdê$nmVrb (print-onpaper) {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m qH$_VdmT>r_wio dJ©Ur ^aUo ~§X Ho$bo OmD$ eH$Vo.
(2) ZdrZ J«mhH$ {_iy eH$VmV.
(3) àH$meH$m§Zm Ho$di EH$ BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ Amd¥Îmr CnbãY H$ê$Z d OmñV IM© Z
H$aVm OmñV \$m`Xm hmoVmo.
(4) Ho$di EH$mM {R>H$mUmhÿZ g§nH©$, nadmZm, MMm© d no_|Q>.
(5) gdmªZm EH${ÌV[aË`m CnbãY hmoV Agë`mZo Cn`moJmV dmT> hmoVo. Ë`m_wio
boIm§Zm OmñV C„oI (citations) àmá hmoVmV. `m_wio _mJUrV dmT> hmoVo. `m
ZdrZ àdmhmg hiyhiy _mÝ`Vm àmá hmoBb
© .
(~) J«W
§ mb`o d dmMH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo \$m`Xo
(1) _yë`-bm^ {díbofUmÀ`m Ñï>rZo ~{KVë`mg A{YH$ \$m`Xm hmoVmo. H$_r n¡em§V
OmñVrV OmñV {Z`VH$m{bHo$ àmá hmoVmV. _yë` n[aUm_H$maH$ AmhoV.
(2) gXmgd©H$mi Am°ZbmB©Z àmá H$aVm `oVmV. XyadaÀ`m àXoemVyZ (remote
place), H$moRy>Zhr, Ho$ìhmhr d {H$Vrhr doim àmá H$aVm `oVmV.
(3) Am°S>©a XoUo, dJ©Ur ^aUo, ñ_aUnÌ nmR>{dUo, Z àmá Pmboë`m A§H$m{df`rMm
nÌì`dhma H$aUo, BË`mXr àemgH$s` H$m`} H$amdr bmJV ZmhrV. g_Ýd`H$
J«§Wmb`M gd© gh^mJr J«§Wmb`m§À`mdVrZo gd© H$m`} H$aVo.
(4) _Ü`ñWm§_m\©$V Cn`moOH$m§Zm _mo\$V B©-_ob A°bQ>© godm àmá hmoV.o `mÛmao _OHw$amMr
gmaUr` Agbobo n¥ð> (table of contents page) àmá hmoVo.
(5) J«§Wmb`m§Zm _Ü`ñWm§À`m A°S{_Z noOdê$Z {Z`VH$m{bH$m§À`m Cn`moJmg§~§YrMr
gm§p»`H$s` _m{hVr Ëd[aV àmá hmoVo.
kmZJ§JmoÌr … _mM©-E{àb-_o 2007 … 65
(6) _mJrb A§H$ OVZ H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar d Vo àmá H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar
_Ü`ñWmda AgVo (archiving responsibility).
(7) S>oQ>m~og_Yrb OZ©ëg_Ü`o Agboë`m _m{hVrMm {d{dY emoYnÕVtZr emoY KoVm
`oVmo.
H$Ýgm°{e©`mÀ`m _`m©Xm
(1) J«§Wmb`m§Zm {Z`VH$m{bH$ g§J«h{dH$mgmV ñdV§ÌnUo {ZU©` KoVm `oV ZmhrV.
(2) J«W§ mb`m§Zm AË`mdí`H$ Agboë`m {df`mVrb gd© {Z`VH$m{bHo$ AWdm gd©
{df`m§Vrb AË`mdí`H$ {Z`VH$m{bHo$ CnbãY hmoVrbM AWdm S>Qo >m~og_Ü`o
AgVrbM Ago Zmhr.
(3) A°{J«JoeZÀ`m ~mhoarb {Z`VH$m{bH$m§_Yrb boIm§Zm Xwdm (Link) àmá hmoD$
eH$V Zmhr.
(4) _Ü`ñW Ë`mÀ`m S>Qo >m~og_Yrb OZ©ëgMr g§»`m dmT>dy eH$Vmo. `m_wio J«W§ mb`m§da
dmT>boë`m dJ©UrMm ^ma nSy> eH$Vmo.
(5) AË`mdí`H$ V§ÌkmZ J«§Wmb`m§H$S>o Agmdo bmJVo. Vo gVV AÚ`mdV H$amdo
bmJVo. Ë`m_wio doJim IM© H$amdm bmJVmo.
(6) n°Ho$OÀ`m {H$_VrMo à_mUrH$aU Pmbobo Zmhr.
gmam§e
B©-OZ©ëg d H$Ýgm°{e©`m `m ZdrZ g§H$ënZm AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr J«§Wmb`mÀ`m joÌmV
{eaH$md Ho$bobm AgyZ Ë`mVrb JwU-Xmofm§gh `m ZdrZ àdmhmg gm_moao OmUo JaOoMo
Amho.
^maVmVrb "H$Ýgm°{e©`m' `moOZm§Mr CXmhaUo
(1) B§{S>`Z {S>{OQ>b bm`~«ar Am°\$ B§{OZr`[a¨J gm`Ýg A°ÊS> Q>oŠZm°bm°Or
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(1) Singh, Bisen Rakesh, 'E-journals aggregators : a consortia
approach for effective access to full-text journal's database',
IASLIC Bulletin, 50 (2) 2005.
(2) Curtis, Donnelyn, 'E-journals : a how to do it manual for
building, managing and supporting electronic journal collections;
London : Fecel Publishing, 2005, pp. 205-247.
(3) Childs, Miriam and Weston Wil, 'Consortia and electronic
journals : an overview', in 'E-serials collection management :
Transitions, trends, and technicalities, ed. by David C. Fowler,
New York : The Howarth Information Press, 2004. pp. 94107.
(4) Kumar Rajesh, 'Library consortia in India : a sucessful way',
in 'Digital libraries in Knowledge Processing... ed. by M. G.
Sreekumar... et. al., New Delhi : ESS ESS, 2006. pp. 118133.
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