Name___________________________________________
Cell Test Review
Using the diagram of a cell above, name the structure and give the function for that structure in the space below:
Number
Name of Organelle
Function of Organelle
endoplasmic reticulum
moves proteins around cell
1
2
3
4
5
nucleus
holds DNA and controls cell
mitochondria
creates ATP for energy
cell membrane
controls movement into and out of
cell; surrounds cell
golgi apparatus
packages and transports proteins out
of cell or around cell
1. Is the cell above a plant or an animal cell? animal cell
How can you tell? no cell wall; no chloroplasts
Using the diagram of a cell to the left, answer the following questions
(name and number from the diagram):
7. Which structure regulates what comes into and goes out of the
cell? number 3 (cell membrane)
8. Which structure is the site where amino acids are synthesized into
proteins? number 2 (ribosomes)
9. Which structure is the place where ATP is made in the cell?
number 1 (mitochondria)
10. Which structure stores the genetic information?
number 4 (nucleus)
11. In the space below, explain the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell in terms of size,
organelles and number of cells
prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells; prokaryotic cells don’t have organelles or a nucleus
12. In the space below, explain the difference between plant and animal cells in terms of organelles and shape:
plant cells are a more defined shape because they have a cell wall; they have a central vacuole for water storage
and chloroplasts for photosynthesis
13. Why are cells small?
they need to be small to move things more easily throughout the cell; they need to maintain a large surface area
to volume ratio
14. What happens to the surface-area-to-volume ratio as a cell gets larger?
as the cell get larger, the surface area to volume ratio gets smaller
15. Define organelle: smallest part of a cell; performs a certain function
16. Organize the following terms in order of levels of organization smallest to largest:
Tissue
Cells Organs Atoms Organelles Biomolecules Compounds
Organ Systems
atoms, compounds, biomolecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organs, organ systems
17. In the space below, explain the difference between a virus and a bacterium.
a virus only contains DNA;
18. Define Pathogen: disease causing substance
19. Define Parasite: organisms or virus that benefits from a relationship by harming a host
20. Why is a virus considered a parasite? it benefits from its host and the host is harmed
21. Do we consider viruses to be alive? Why or why not? No or we don’t know because they don’t possess all the
characteristics of life. For example, they reproduce, but they can’t control their own homeostasis. They evolve,
but they aren’t made of cells.
22. Describe how a virus infects its host: attaches to host cell and inserts genetic material; the genetic material is
used to create various virus parts which are then assembled into a virus that bursts out of the host cell
23. Describe the structure of a virus: capsid (protein coat that protects DNA), genetic material (can be DNA or RNA),
spikes (to help attach to host cell)
24. List the 3 parts of the cell theory:
1) all living things are made from one or more cells
2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and function for all organisms
3) all cells come from other cells
25. If the magnification on the ocular lens of a microscope is 10X and the magnification on the objective lens is 40X,
what is the total magnification?
ocular lens X objective lens
10X x 40X = 400X magnification
26. Define diffusion: movement of solute across the cell membrane from high to low concentration
27. Define osmosis: diffusion of water across the cell membrane from high to low concentration
28. In what direction do solute and water normally move? high to low concentration
29. What is the difference between passive and active transport? (in terms of energy and direction of movement)
passive transport moves from high to low concentration and doesn’t use energy
active transport moves from low to high concentration and uses energy
30. Draw a picture to illustrate the following things:
(Be sure to show where the most solute is located and use arrows to show which direction water will move.)
Hypertonic solution
water exits cell
Hypotonic solution
water enters cell
Isotonic solution
water moves in and out of cell at equal rates