The English Civil War
1629-1660
The Stuart Monarchy
Causes of the War
• James VI of Scotland becomes James I of
England in 1603
• He agreed to uphold the Protestant religion
• He wrote the King James version of the
Bible - Authorized Version
• Firm believer in Divine Right of Kings
James I [r. 1603-1625]
James I’s speech to the
House of Commons:
I am surprised that my
ancestors should ever be
permitted such an
institution to come into
existence. I am a stranger,
and found it here when I
arrived, so that I am
obliged to put up with what
I cannot get rid of!
King James
Bible,
1611
Charles I 1625-1649
• Signed Petition of
Rights led to problems
• A) no taxes w/o consent of
Parliament
• B) no martial law
• C) no quartering of troops
• D) no imprisonment w/o
specific charge
The Petition of Rights, 1628
“The Stuart Magna Carta”
Charles I [r. 1625-1649]
Dissolution of Parliament
• 1629 -1640 Charles didn’t
summon Parl. - he thought the
could rule by himself
• Reinstated Star Chamber
• Appointed Archbishop
Laud to enforce changes
with the church Common Prayer Book
• Enforced ship money
• Married RC French
princess - Henrietta
Maria
• Fought with Scots
(KIRK - Church)
Ship Money Assessments, 1636
[per square mile]
Archbishop William Laud
1640 - Long Parliament
• Charles needed money
so he had to recall
Parl. - this upset many
people.
• Charles went to Parl.
To arrest 5 MP’s (Black Rod) “I see
the bird’s have
flown”
Civil War (1621-1649)
Royalists
(Cavaliers)
Parliamentarians
(Roundheads)
a
House of Lords
† House of Commons
a
N & W England
† S & E England
a
Aristocracy
† Puritans
a
Large landowners
† Merchants
a
Church officials
† Townspeople
a
More rural, less
prosperous
† More urban , more
prosperous
Cavaliers
• Supporters of the King
Roundheads
• Supported Parliament.
• Name comes from the
shape of the haircut.
• Mainly Puritans
Oliver Cromwell
• Puritan leader of New Model
Army.
• Signed the King’s death
warrant
• Became Lord Protector of
the Commonwealth (Republic) 1649 - 1658.
• Invited to become King refused.
• Bad reputation in Ireland hated to this day.
• Followed by Richard
Cromwell - weak
New Model Army Soldier’s Catechism
Battle of Naseby
• Decisive
battle of the
war - 1645.
• Parliament’s
first victory
Rump Parliament
• This was the name given
to the members of
Parliament who were left
after the Scottish
Presbyterians were kicked
out b/c they wanted to do
a deal with the king.
• The Rump were
responsible for signing the
king’s death warrant
Execution of Charles I 1649
3 Faces of Charles
Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658]
The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660]
† The Commonwealth
(1649-1653)
† The Protectorate
(1654-1660)