Scientific Revolution
Copernicus – Heliocentric theory (sun-centered universe)
Kepler – Planetary orbits are elliptical (oval)
Galileo – Telescope; Catholic Church condemned him
Bacon – Stressed experimentation and observation; Scientific Method
Descartes – Stressed human reasoning; Scientific Method
Harvey – Heart is a pump that circulates blood
Newton – Gravity; Calculus
Causes of Revolutions
Cause: Unpopular Method of Rule
Explanation: Dislike leader or type of gov’t
Cause: Religious Intolerance
Explanation: Treated unfairly b/c of religion
Cause: Social Injustice
Explanation: Treated unfairly b/c of gender, race, etc.
Cause: Enlightenment Ideas
Explanation: New ideas for better type of gov’t
Cause: Nationalism
Explanation: Proud, loyal, etc. to country
Cause: Economic Distress
Explanation: Money problems
Absolutism & The Glorious Revolution
Characteristics of Absolute Monarchs
Rule by: divine right
Government power is: centralized
Louis XIV of France
Symbol of wealth and power: Palace of Versailles
Nickname: Sun King
Peter I the Great of Russia
Wanted to: modernize/westernize Russia
Forced me to: shave their beards, wear different clothing
Built the city of: St. Petersburg to be a “Window on the West”
Charles I of England
Religion: Catholic
Power was challenged by: Parliament
English Civil War
King Charles led the: Cavaliers
Oliver Cromwell led the: Roundheads (Parliament)
Parliament/Roundheads won Civil War
Result: King Charles I was executed
Glorious Revolution
-England created Bill of Rights
-Created a constitutional monarchy
-Limited the power of the monarch (king or queen)
-Increased the power of Parliament
-New rulers: William & Mary
Vocabulary:
-Monarch(y): Gov’t headed by king/queen
-Absolutism: Type of gov’t in which king/queen holds absolute/total power (power
is NOT shared)
-Divine Right: The right to rule comes from God
-Westernization: Adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture
-Revolution: Great change over a short period of time