CHAPTER 11: LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT
2003
2
2004
2
2005
3
2006
0
2007
0
YEAR 2003
1.
Figure 1 shows part of human forelimb.
Figure 1
What are P, Q, R and S in Figure 1?
P
A
B
C
D
Ulna
Scapula
Humerus
Scapula
Q
Ligament
Ligament
Tendon
Tendon
R
Biceps
Biceps
Triceps
Triceps
Answer: D
2.
Figure 2 shows a human lumbar vertebra.
Figure 2
What is the function of X and Y in Figure 2?
A
Protection for spinal cord
B
Surfaces for muscle attachment
C
Surfaces for vertebral joints
D
Surfaces for rib articulation
Answer: B
S
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Radius
2008
5
YEAR 2004
1.
Diagram 1 shows an elbow joint. Which of the following parts labelled A, B, C
or D is tough and elastic?
Diagram 1
Answer: D
2.
Diagram 2 shows a human arm.
Diagram 2
If tendon X was torn off, what happens to the arm?
A The elbow joint loosens up
B The fingers cannot grip
C The arm cannot be bent
D The lower arm cannot twist
Answer: C
YEAR 2005
1. Diagram 1 shows a knee joint.
Diagram 1
Which of the following tissues joins X to Y?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ligament
Tendon
Adipose
Cartilage
Answer: A
2. Diagram 2 shows the structure of a human forearm.
P
S
Q
P
Diagram 2
What happens to the parts P, Q, R and S which cause the arm to be in the position
as shown in the diagram?
P
Q
R
S
A.
Relaxes
Contracts
Is pushed
Is pushed downwards
downwards
B. Contracts
Relaxes
Is pushed
Is pushed downwards
downwards
C.
Relaxes
Contracts
Is pulled upwards
Is pulled upwards
D. Contracts
Relaxes
Is pulled upwards
Is pulled upwards
Answer: D
3. The diagram shows human bones.
Which bones are part of the axial skeleton?
A.
B.
C.
D.
P and S
Q and R
P, Q and R
Q, R and S.
Answer: A
YEAR 2006
No single question
YEAR 2007
No single question
YEAR 2008
1. P, Q, R and S in Diagram 1 are vertebrae found along the spine.
Diagram 1
Which of the following shows the correct arrangement of the vertebrae in the spine?
A. R, S, P, Q
B. P, Q, R, S
C. Q, R, S, P
D. S, P, R, Q
Answer: D
2. Diagram 2 shows part of the human skeletal system.
Diagram 2
What is X?
A. Ulna
B. Scapula
C. Humerus
D. Clavicle
Answer: C
3. Diagram 3 shows a type of support tissue in plants.
Diagram 3
Which plant has this type of tissue?
Answer: B
4. A man is complaining of frequent back pains due to an injury.
Which of the following would help reduce his problem?
I Eat plenty of protein
II Practice a good posture
III Do vigorous exercise
IV Avoid carrying heavy objects
A.
B.
C.
D.
I and II
I and III
II and IV
III and IV
Answer: C
5. Diagram 4 shows a bending leg.
Diagram 4
Which of the following muscle actions will straighten the leg?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
Quadriceps femoris
Contracts
Contracts
Relaxes
Relaxes
Biceps femoris
Contracts
Relaxes
Relaxes
Contracts
CHAPTER 11: LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT
2004
Section
A
B
C
-
2005
Section
A
B
C

(1)
2006
Section
A
B
C
-
2007
Section
A
B
C

(1)
2008
Section
A
B
C
-
YEAR 2004
No single question
YEAR 2005
Section B
6. (a) Figure 6.1 shows Eichhornia sp. in its habitat.
Explain the adaptations of the plant which enable it to float on the water surface.
[4 marks]
Possesses thin walled aerenchyma cells  (1) which makes the plant light 
(1)
Possesses air spaces (between aerenchyma cells) (1) which enables the
plant to float  (1)
Stems are big and swollen  (1) which increases air content which helps plant
to float  (1)
Roots are fine and numerous  (1) to trap gas bubbles so that plant can
easily
float  (1)
Max – 4
(b)
Figure 6.2 shows the movements of an earthworm and a fish in different
habitats.
Explain how skeletal system of each organism is adapted for its movement.
[6 marks]
Sample Answer:
● Earthworm has hydrostatic skeleton.  (1) It moves by changing the
pressure of hydrostatic fluid in its body.  (1)
● Circular muscles contract and longitudinal muscle relax in
antagonistic
manner  (1) causing hydrostatic pressure to be transferred from the
anterior to the posterior as such earthworm moves forward.  (1)
Max – 3
● Fish has endoskeleton,  (1) area for muscle attachment.  (1)
● Right myotome muscles contract and left myotome muscles relax in
antagonistic manner  (1) causing the tail to flaps left and right,
resulting in
forward thrust.  (1)
Max – 3
(c)
Figure 6.3 shows movement activities in a human.
Based on Figure 6.3(i) and Figure 6.3(ii), explain how the above movement
takes
place which involves muscles, tendons, bones, ligaments and joints.
[10 marks]
Sample Answer:
● Tendons, ligaments, bones, muscles and joints are important features
in a bone movement.  (1)
● Tendons connect muscles to bones.  (1)
● Tendons are strong and non elastic.  (1)
● Force is transferred to bones through tendons.  (1)
● Movement at the joint is possible with the aid of ligaments.  (1)
● Ligaments connect two bones together to give support and strength
to the joint.  (1)
● Ligaments are strong and elastic.  (1)
● The quadriceps / extensor muscles contract while the biceps femoris
muscles relax and the leg is straightened.  (1)
● The biceps femoris muscles contract while the quadriceps / extensor
muscles relax and the leg is bent.  (1)
● Calf muscles contract to lift up the heels.  (1)
● Feet push downward and backward.  (1)
● Repeated contraction and relaxation of muscles result in the running
movement.  (1)
Max – 10
YEAR 2006
No single question
YEAR 2007
Section A
5. Diagram 5.1 shows the human vertebral column. Diagram 5.2 shows the two types
of
vertebrae, R and T, in the human vertebral column.
(a) Name the vertebrae.
R : Cervical
T : Lumbar
[2 marks]
(b) Draw arrows (
) to match R and T to any correct vertebra in Diagram 5.1.
[2 marks]
(c) Explain one feature of thoracic vertebrae which is related to the mechanism of
respiration.
It has a long nerve spine / spinal process for better muscle attachment.
It has two facets / articulating surface on the transverse process and
centrum.
Attachment of ribs to transverse process / thoracic vertebrae which allows
the rib to move upwards and downwards.
[3 marks]
(d) Explain the role of the vertebrae in Diagram 5.1 when movement of the body
occurs.
The vertebrae of the back bone are joined between one another by vertebral
discs.
Provides surface for attachment of the skeletal muscles.
[2 marks]
(e) Diagram 5.3 shows a cross section of a normal bone tissue.
Diagram 5.4 shows a cross section of the bone tissue of an individual suffering
from osteoporosis.
(i) State the condition of the bone in Diagram 5.4 as compared to the bone in
Diagram 5.3.
Porous / brittle
[1 mark]
(ii) An individual suffering from osteoporosis is advised to drink plenty of milk. Explain
why.
Milk contains calcium. Calcium is necessary for bone growth / development.
[2 marks]
YEAR 2008
No single question