13.4 - A Flawed Peace
German generals recognized that it was time to sue for peace with the
Allies. The Kaiser was forced to abdicate on the 8th November and a new
democratic republic was established. An armistice (an agreement to stop
fighting) is signed in a railway car near Paris.
On November 11, 1918, World War I came to an end.
A Flawed Peace
13.4
How would the
Allies deal
with a
defeated
Germany?
David Lloyd-George
[Great Britain]
The Big Four
Vittorio Orlando
[Italy]
Woodrow Wilson
[USA]
Georges Clemenceau
[France]
“I can predict with absolute certainty
that within another generation there will
be another world war if the nations of
the world do not concert the method
by which to prevent it."
Woodrow Wilson, 1919
Differing Allied Goals
• America, Woodrow Wilson
– Fourteen Points:
• Plan for organizing post-World War I
Europe & avoiding future wars
– Reduction of weapons
– Self Determination-right of all
people to choose their own
governments (democracies)
– Organization for world’s nations to
join, to protect from future
aggression
Differing Allied Goals
• France, Georges Clemenceau
– punish Germany
– make Germany pay for costs of war
• Great Britain, David Lloyd George
– punish Germany
– don’t weaken Germany
• wanted Germany to stop communism
from spreading out of Russia
• Italy, Vittorio Orlando
– wanted to gain territory
-Italy was essentially ignored
Treaty of Versailles
• Allies finally compromised on goals
• Treaty of Versailles was closer to Clemenceau’s goals
than Wilson’s
• Germany had to accept the terms of the treaty
http://www.history.com/topics/
world-war-i/videos#treaty-ofversailles-end-world-war-i
Copy the
chart!
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
•Designed to cripple Germany
WAR GUILT CLAUSE
GERMANY’S MILITARY
FORCES REDUCED
NO UNION
WITH AUSTRIA
PAY
REPARATIONS
THE TERMS
OF THE TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
1919
RHINELAND
DE-MILITARISED
LOSS OF
TERRITORRY
The War Guilt Clause
"The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany
accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all
the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associate Governments
and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of a war
imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her Allies."
Article 231
Treaty of Versailles
• June 28, 1919  signed by
Germany
• League of Nations formed:
– International body of
nations
– Purpose: to prevent future
wars
– Germany was excluded
– U.S. did not join
1. Describe the
storyline,
What is
being
represented
by the
‘hand’?
2. Assess the
individual
features.
3. Identify the
political message
intended by the
cartoonist.
‘Who’ or ‘what’ is
the man
representing?
What does
the plank
represent
THE FINISHING TOUCH
A British newspaper cartoon, by David Low.
1) Describe the storyline shown in the cartoon.
2) Assess the individual features.
3) What is the political message?
What does the horse represent?
What is
this
referring
to?
Briand,
French
Prime
Minister
Why is the
cart up-ended?
Why is a
shovel
left here?
Why is
Briand
holding
a whip?
‘Perhaps
‘Perhaps it
it would
would gee-up
gee-up better
better if
if we
we let
let it
it touch
touch earth.’
earth.’
What is meant by the
caption?
Why is Lloyd-George
holding a shovel?
Lloyd-George,
British Prime
Minister
Causes of WWI
•Militarism
•Alliance System
•Nationalism
•Imperialism
•Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Effects of WWI
•Allied victory
•Boom in American economy
•Colonies lost for defeated empires
•Destruction in Europe
•Emergence of U.S. as a world
leader & economic giant