President James Monroe
• Elected in 1816
(DemocraticRepublican
[Republican])
• Two Terms: 18161824
• “Era of Good
Feelings”
• Monroe Doctrine
• Missouri Compromise
John Quincy Adams
• Monroe’s Secretary of
State
• Architect of the Monroe
Doctrine
• Wide experience in
international politics
• Brilliant thinker and
politician
• Son of 2nd president, John
Adams and future
president (1824-1828)
“Treaties” w/ John Quincy Adams
• 1817 - Rush-Bagot
Agreement
– Limited naval armament on
Great Lakes
– Established unfortified
boundary with Canada
• 1818 - British American
Convention
– Established the US-Canadian
border along the 49th parallel
– Signaled better relations with
the British and British Canada
• 1819 - Adams-Onis Treaty
(Florida Land Purchase)
– Andrew Jackson attacked
raiders from Florida
– Spain ceded Florida to the
US
– Western boundary w/ Spain
settled (New Spain)
– Spain nearly done as a
colonial power
– Mexican Revolution of
1821 would oust Spanish
rule and establish Mexican
independence.
The Monroe Doctrine
• 1823 (Sec. Of State John Quincy Adams)
• No more European
colonization in
Western Hemisphere
• US dominance of
Western Hemisphere
established
Implications in the Western Hemisphere
• US dominance until
the present
• US role in Latin
American affairs
• European direct
influence limited
Nationalism (Cultural and Political)
and the Era of Good Feelings
• Star-Spangled Banner (1814
Francis Scott Key)
• Basically a one-party system
(Democratic-Republicans)
• Solidified American expansion
and borders
• Secured US as a respected
nation
• Growth of a national economy
• Webster’s school speller
• Various paintings of
Revolutionary War heroes, etc.
Economic Nationalism
• Tariff of 1816 - high tariff
rates to protect US
industry
• American System
proposed by Henry Clay
• Panic of 1819
– 2nd Bank of US (BUS) tighter money supply
– State banks closed = money
deflated (lost value)
– Hardest hit was the WEST
– Changed politics
• Political changes as a
result of economic
changes:
– Changes in old Republican
Party (Jefferson’s DemocraticRepublicans)
– Federalist party = Dead
– Splits emerge in
(Jeffersonian) Republican
party based on regional
differences
Evolution of Major Parties
The American System (Henry Clay)
• Henry Clay proposed an
“American System” which
called for:
– Protective tariffs
– National bank
– Internal (transportation and
infrastructural
improvements
•Not a formal ‘document’ or
plan
•Tariff and bank were in place.
•National leaders differed on
the spending of federal
money on road-building and
other improvements
Missouri Statehood
• Missouri - applied for
statehood in 1819
• Balance of free and slave
states in question
• Tallmadge Amendment limited attempt to
eliminate slaves in MO angered southern states
• Henry Clay (Kentucky)
proposed a compromise:
• 1. MO Admitted as a
slaveholding state
• 2. Maine Admitted as
a free state
• Louisiana Territory north of 36˚ 30’ N slavery prohibited
• Monroe signed in
1820
Map 12.4: The Missouri
Compromise and Slavery, 18201821
Map 8.3: The Missouri
Compromise, 1820–1821
12
Map 9.3 The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821 (p. 272)
The Missouri Compromise