1
NAME:
GCSE PE
TOPIC 1.2.4
 The Make-up of the Muscular System
 How the Muscular System Works
 How the Muscular System is Effected by
Exercise
 Injuries that Effect the Muscular System
TARGET GRADE:
CURRENT GRADE:
2
BOOKLET OBJECTIVES
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Develop knowledge and understanding of the muscular
system.
Understand what movement is created by each muscle.
Understand the difference between voluntary,
involuntary and cardiac muscles.
Understand the difference between fast twitch and slow
twitch muscle fibres.
Understand the importance of ANTAGONISTIC pairs.
Understand the different types of muscular
contractions.
Understand how the muscles are affected by exercise.
Understand injuries that can affect the muscular system.
Lesson 1
3
What is the Muscular System?
What is the function of the muscular system?
Muscle:
Movement:
Muscle:
Movement:
Muscle:
Muscle:
Movement:
Movement:
Muscle:
Movement:
Lesson 1
4
Muscle:
Movement:
Muscle:
Movement:
Muscle:
Muscle:
Movement:
Movement:
Muscle:
Movement:
Muscle:
Movement:
Lesson 1
5
Types of Muscular Contractions
Isotonic Contraction
Isometric Contraction
Types of Movements
Flexion:
Extension:
Adduction:
Abduction:
Lesson 1
6
SPORTING EXAMPLES
Look at the pictures below and state what type of muscular contraction is
occurring and which muscles are being used?
1)
Type of Contraction:
Type of Movement at the elbow and
muscle causing this:
2)
Type of Contraction:
Type of Movement at the shoulder and
the muscle causing this:
3)
Type of Contraction:
Type of Movement at the right hip and
the muscle causing this:
Lesson 1
7
4)
Type of Contraction:
Type of Movement at the Knee and the
muscle causing this:
5)
Type of contraction:
Type of Movement at the knee and the
muscle causing this:
6)
Type of Contraction:
Type of Movement at the shoulder and
the muscle causing this:
Type of Movement at the elbow and the muscle causing this:
Lesson 1
8
Past Exam Questions
Edexcel 2012:
1)Complete the statements below by identifying
which muscles are contracting to allow the gymnast
to achieve the described actions.
(a) Keeping the arm straight at the elbow.
(1)
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Keeping the leg straight at the knee.
(1)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Moving the arms away from the mid-line of the body.
(1)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(d) Pointing the toes.
(1)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Edexcel 2013:
2) Several muscles are listed in the table below.
Abdominals
Latissimus Dorsi
Triceps
Pectorals
Gastrocnemius
Quadriceps
Gluteals
Trapezius
Using the muscles in the table, match the correct muscle to the stated action in each of the
following statements.
(a) Moves the thigh backward at the hip (hip extension).
(1)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Moves the upper arm back and inwards towards the body.
(1)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Adducts the upper arm at the shoulder.
(1)
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Lesson 2
9
STARTER
When shooting in football explain what happens
to the hip and knee at the start of the shot?
Which muscles cause these two movements?
HIP:
KNEE:
What happens after the player has kicked the ball? Explain what
happens at the hip and knee and which muscles cause these two
movements?
HIP:
KNEE:
Lesson 2
10
How Muscles Work
How do muscles WORK?
___________________ Pairs
Give three examples of these in the table below:
Muscles in Relation to bone
Lesson 2
11
Label the diagrams below showing the:
Agonist (Prime Mover)
Origin
1)
2)
Antagonist
Insertion
Lesson 2
12
Extended Writing Questions
Explain the process of lifting and lowering a dumbbell? You must mention:
1) Muscles being used
3) Agonist and Antagonist
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
2) Type of movement at the elbow
4) Origin and Insertion
Lesson 2
13
Explain what happens to the knees during a set shot in basketball? You must mention:
1) Muscles being used
2) Type of movement at the elbow
3) Agonist and Antagonist
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
4) Origin and Insertion
Lesson 2
14
PAST EXAM QUESTION
1) Complete the statements below by identifying which muscles are contracting to allow the
squash player in Figure 3 to achieve the described actions.
(a) The racket arm is bent at the elbow due to the contraction of the
__________________________________________________________________ ________
(1 Mark)
(b) The leading leg is straight at the knee due to the contraction of the
___________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
(c) The player pushes off the toes of the trailing leg due to the contraction of the
___________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
(d) The non racket arm has been taken away from the body at the shoulder by the
contraction of the ................................................................ to help the player maintain
balance.
(1 Mark)
(e) The player rotates at the trunk as she strikes the ball and follows through due to the
contraction of the ................................................................ .
(1 Mark)
(Edexcel 2010 Exam)
Lesson 3
15
Classification of Muscles
There are three different types of muscles within the human body. They are:
VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES
CARDIAC MUSCLE
Lesson 3
16
Importance of a GOOD Posture
Posture relates to the way the body is supported by the muscles
when sitting, standing or moving. List 6 advantages of having good
posture:
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Lesson 3
17
Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres
Fast Twitch
Slow Twitch
Under each picture below state whether the athlete would need FAST, SLOW or BOTH
Twitch fibres to be successful in their sport:
Lesson 3
18
PAST EXAM QUESTION
1) Squash involves a lot of quick, sudden, explosive movements.
(i) Name the muscle fibre type most suited to these types of movements.
___________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
(ii) Explain a disadvantage of this muscle fibre type.
___________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
(iii) Name a training method that would be suitable to improve the efficiency of these
muscle fibre types.
___________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
iv) Name, explain and give an example of both a sport and training method for the other
type of fibre found in our working muscles?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(4 Marks)
(Edexcel 2008)
Lesson 3
19
Effects of Lifestyle on the Muscular System
DIET
Performance Enhancing Drugs
Blood Doping:
Anabolic Steroids:
Narcotic Analgesics:
Peptide Hormones:
Lesson 3
20
Extended Writing Question
The TOUR DE FRANCE is one of the most gruelling and physically demanding races in the
world. Over the past 2 decades many cyclists taking part in the event have been found guilty
of taking performance enhancing drugs to increase their performance. Explain how using
the drugs just looked at on page 17 would benefit a performer during the Tour De France?
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 4
21
STARTER
Look at the picture below at answer the questions underneath:
1) Explain what type of muscle fibres Usain Bolt will need in his
events the 100 + 200 metres?
2) Explain what movement is occurring at his left knee, which muscle
is the agonist and which is the antagonist?
3) Explain what movement is occurring in his right knee, which
muscle is the agonist and which is the antagonist?
4) Name three types of skill related fitness that are important for
Usian Bolt?
Lesson 4
22
Immediate Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System
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How does the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM help the MUSCULAR SYSTEM during exercise?
Long Term Effects of Exercise if the Muscular System
Muscular Strength
Muscular Endurance
Lesson 4
23
Muscles and Injury
STRAIN
How it Happens?
When it Happens?
Where it Happens?
What to do?
Effects on the Body?
How to avoid?
SPRAIN
How it Happens?
When it Happens?
Where it Happens?
Effects on the Body?
What to do?
How to avoid?
Lesson 4
24
Tennis Elbow
How it Happens?
When it Happens?
Where it Happens?
What to do?
How to avoid?
Effects on the Body?
R.I.C.E
R=
I=
C=
E=
Lesson 4
25
TASK
Read the incidents below and write down what is wrong with the
athlete and explain how you know this?
1) After serving in tennis a player throws his racket to the floor and
clutches his wrist?
2) A Weight lifter starts to raise the weight above his head before
dropping it and clutching the top of his arm?
3) A netballer falls to the floor clutching her ankle after trying to
change direction quickly?
4) A badminton player playing his fifth match in as many days starts
to clutch his elbow after his latest match?
5) A football turns and sprints into space. After 10 metres he slows
down and clutches the back of his leg?
Lesson 4
26
Extended Writing Question
Explain how the circulatory and muscular systems work together to
help an athlete during exercise?
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
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ENRICHMENT WORK
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ENRICHMENT WORK