Cheek Cells
Moss Cells
Cells: Part 2 Structure and
Function
Onion Cells
Blood Cell
I. Plant and Animal Cell
Fixed structure.
Has a cellulose cell wall and a cell membrane
Chlorophyll in chloroplasts
Large vacuoles
Can change shape.
No Cellulose cell wall
No Chlorophyll or chloroplasts
Small or no vacuoles
Question
Looking at the plant and animal cell diagram:
1. Explain how the cells are the same.
____________________________________
2. Explain how the cells are different.
____________________________________
Question
Looking at the plant and animal cell diagram:
1. Explain how the cells are the same.
Both plant and animal cells have the same parts –
ribosomes, nucleus, golgi bodies, cell
membrane and others.
2. Explain how the cells are different.
Plant cells are octagon shape with extra cell parts
like the chloroplast and the cell wall.
Annimal cells are more rounded.
II. Looking Inside Eukaryotic
Cells/ Cell Parts
Outer Covering
a. Cell Wall
1. Found only in plants
2. Made of cellulose
(hard)
3. Function ( ____)is to
protect and support the
plant cell
4. Ex. Dried straw or
wood are made of dead
cell walls you can see
Straw
Dead Cell Walls
Outer Covering (cont.)
b. Cell Membrane
1. Inside cell walls of
plants and outer
covering of animal
cells
2. Function is to
protect and support
3. Main function is to
keep cytoplasm in
and allow nutrients
in and waste out
Questions
1. What is the function of the cell wall?
___________________________________
2. The main job of the cell membrane is ___
___________________________________.
3. The kind of organism with a cell wall is a
___________________________________.
Questions
1. What is the function of the cell wall?
Protect and support the plant cell.
2. The main job of the cell membrane is
protect and support the animal cell/ and
let things in or out of the cell.
3. The kind of organism with a cell wall is a
Plant.
III. Inside the Cell
a.
Nucleus (“kernal or nut”)
1. The control center of
the cell (BRAIN)directs all the cell
activities
2. Stores the DNA that
has information on how
to make the cell’s
protein
i. Nuclear Membrane
1. Surrounds and
protects the nucleus
Nucleus (cont.)
ii. Nucleolus
1. Small structure
floating in the
nucleus
2. Stores the
materials that will
be used to make
ribosomes in the
cytoplasm
Nucleus (cont.)
iii. Chromatin
1. Thin strands of
DNA
2. Contain the genetic
material that give the
cell instructions
3. Ex. The chromatin in
a leaf cell tells the cell
to grow and divide to
form new leaf cells
Questions
1. What is the job of the nucleus?
___________________________________
2. If the nucleus were a part of the human
body, what part would it be? __________
Questions
1. What is the job of the nucleus?
Controls the activities of the cell.
2. If the nucleus were a part of the human
body, what part would it be? brain
b. Cytoplasm
1. Area between cell
membrane and
nucleus
2. Thick, gel-like
substance
3. Organelles (the
cell parts) float
within the
cytoplasm.
Question
1. What are organelles?
___________________________________
2. What is the liquid organelles float in inside
the cell? ____________________________
Question
1. What are organelles?
All the parts of the cell.
2. What is the liquid organelles float in inside
the cell? cytoplasm
IV. More Organelles in the
Cytoplasm
a. Mitochondria
1. Bean- shaped
2. “Power-house” of
the cell- produce most
of the energy cell needs
to carry out its
functions
3. Breaks down food
molecules to make ATP
4. Can only work when
they have oxygen- it is
why we breathe
5. Muscle cells have
several mitochondria
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
(cont.)
b. Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
1. Flat-like tubular
passageways
2. Makes lipids
3. Breaks down drugs
and other substances that
could harm the cell
4. Packages up proteins
carries them from one
part of the cell to another
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
(cont.)
c. Ribosomes
1. Small round grain-like
bodies
2. Site where amino
acids are hooked
together to make
proteins- “protein
factories”
3. Smallest and most
abundant organelle
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
(cont.)
d. Golgi Bodies
1. Flattened collection
of sac and tubes
2. Receives proteins,
packages them and
releases to other parts
of the cell-“mailroom”
3. Releases materials
outside the cell
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
(cont.)
e. Vacuoles
1. Large, round structure or
water-filled sac
2. Stores water, food, and
waste
3. All plants have these;
some animal cells do- others
do not
4. Ex. Crispy lettuce=
vacuoles full of water; wilted
lettuce= empty water vacuole
5. Ex. Roses are red=
colorful liquid stored in
vacuoles
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
(cont.)
f. Lysosomes
1. Small round structure
containing chemicals
(enzymes)
2. Pour enzymes into a
vesicle that contains food
particles- to digest them
3. Destroy worn-out or
damaged organelles
4. Get rid of waste materials
and protects the cell from
foreign invaders
5. Digest food particles,
wastes, cell parts, and
foreign invaders- “clean-up
crew”
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
(cont.)
g. Chloroplasts
1. Found only in plants
and algae
2. Energy-converting
organelle
3. Contain chlorophyllmakes chloroplasts
green
4. Sunlight is trapped by
chlorophyll and used to
make sugar (food) for
the cell- called
photosynthesis
Questions
1.
In the cell each part has a function or ________. List
the jobs of each cell part:
a. Mitochondria – makes ________
b. ER - ________ and __________
c. Ribosomes- make ___________
d. Golgi bodies - ______________
f. Vacuoles – store ____________
g. Chloroplast - _______________
2. Which organelle is the most abundant in the cell?
_____________
3. Which cell parts are found only in plants? __________
4. What makes chloroplast green? _________________
Questions
1.
In the cell each part has a function or job. List the jobs
of each cell part:
a. Mitochondria – makes the energy - ATP
b. ER - packages and carries proteins
c. Ribosomes- make proteins
d. Golgi bodies – receives protein packages and
releases them to other cell parts.
f. Vacuoles – store food, water and waste
g. Chloroplast – makes sugar (food) for the cell
2. Which organelle is the most abundant in the cell?
ribosome
3. Which cell parts are found only in plants? cell wall,
chloroplasts, sometimes vacuoles.
4. What makes chloroplast green? chlorophyll