Organelles
Page 46
February 23, 2012
Clement and Anderson, Community HS
Cell Wall
• Rigid
• Surrounds the cell membrane in SOME cells
• Found in cells of PLANTS, FUNGI, and almost
all BACTERIA
• NOT FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS!!!!
• Provides structure and support to the cell
Ribosomes
• Site of protein synthesis (where proteins are
made)
• Found throughout the cytoplasm and on the
ER (Rough ER)
Cytoplasm
• Clear, jelly-like fluid that comprises most of
the cell; holds organelles
– Mostly water
– Most chemical reactions take place here
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Folded membrane, found in the cytoplasm
• Transport (cell’s delivery system)
– 1. smooth ER
– 2. rough ER (has ribosomes on it)
Golgi apparatus
• Found in the cytoplasm
• Packaging structure
Vacuole
• Space in a cell for temporary storage (food,
water, enzymes, waste, etc.)
• # of vacuoles differs between plant and animal
cells.
• PLANT cells have one large vacuole; ANIMAL
cells have several smaller vacuoles.
Lysosome
• To DIGEST excess or worn out cell parts, food
particles, etc.
Mitochondria
• Breaks down food molecules to release
ENERGY
• Site of cellular respiration (stored energy
getting used)
• “Mighty Mitochondria”
Chloroplast
• Found ONLY in plants and some protists
(green things)
• Transforms light energy into usable chemical
energy
• MUST BE PRESENT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO
OCCUR!!!
Chlorophyll
• Green pigment found inside of the chloroplast
• Traps sunlight for photosynthesis
3 things that cells use for movement:
1. Cilia (Cilium)- short, numerous hair-like
projections from the cell membrane
2. Flagella (Flagellum): long, whip-like
projections
-1 or 2 (maximum) per cell
-ex: sperm
3. Pseudopod- false foot
-cytoplasm can stretch for movement