Chapter 19 The
Industrial Revolution
19-1 Dawn of the Industrial Age
The Agricultural Revolution Paves the way
Two Revolutions
First Revolution: 1750-1850, transportation, mass production, energy,
movement, social reform; England and Germany
Second Revolution: 1850-1900, chemistry and electricity; U.S.
Why the Industrial Revolution Began in
England
IndustrializationWhy did it start in England?
1.
3.
2.
4.
Enclosures increase output but causes migration.
Population multiplies. Why?
The Dutch invented better ways to farm and new machines that
increased food production.
Population increase from 1800-1900.
◦ Why?
19-2 Industrialization
Problems with industrialization:
Urbanization- Why?
1.
2.
3.
Living Conditions
Rapid growth in cities led to:
What was the effect on the working class?
◦ Methodists◦ Sunday school
Working Conditions
The Average work week was..
DangerousChild labor-
Class Tensions Grow
Most of the wealth belonged to the middle class.
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
◦ Political power of working class eventually increased and social problems declined
◦ Labor unions
◦ New technology
◦ “Captains of the Industry” vs. “Robber Barrons”
Industrialization Spreads 19-3
The United States has similar resources as Britain to mechanize its industries.
The War of 1812-
Technological boom in the U.S. came from:
19-4 Reforming the Industrial World
The Philosophers of Industrialization
laissez faire◦
criticized government regulation of businesses.
◦ Adam Smith- “The Wealth of Nations”
The Economists of Capitalism
CapitalismThomas Malthus, “An Essay on the Principle of
Population”
Opposed government efforts to help poor workers.
Creating minimum wages laws and better working
conditions would undermine the production of
wealth in society.
The Rise of Socialism
Jeremy Bentham
◦ Utilitarianism-
◦ Promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
◦ It was wrong that workers lived deprived lives and were poor.
◦ Believed in equal division of profits
Utopian Ideas
◦ Robert Owen-
Socialism◦ Argument:
Marxism: Radical Socialism
Karl Marx and Frederich Engels “The Communist Manifesto”
Communism-
Labor Unions and Reform
Laws
Unions◦ What does a union do?
◦ Strike-
Reform Laws
◦ Factory Act 1833◦ Mines Act 1842◦ Ten Hours Act 1847-
The Reform Movement Spreads
◦ The Abolition of Slavery
◦ When did slavery end in: U.S., Puerto Rico, Cuba, Brasil?