The Industrial Revolution
1700-1900
Chapter 25
What was it?
►A
period of rapid growth in
manufacturing & urbanization
►Began
in England in mid-1700s
►Spread
to Europe & America
►Allowed
world
the West to dominate the
Why England?
► Agricultural
Revolution (1700s) new tech.
led to cheaper, abundant food, farms
became larger, but less farmers needed.
► Lots
of workers
► Natural resources (rivers, ports, coal)
► Entrepreneurs (investors)
► Political stability
These are the Factors of Production
New Inventions Spur Industry
Textiles was 1st major industry
Spinning Jenny
Water Frame
Factory Towns explode into industrial
Cities as people search for work
Steam Power makes factories &
transportation more efficient and
creates new industries
James Watt’s Steam
Engine 1765
George Stephenson’s
Rocket
Effects of Industrialization
► Rapid
Urban
growth + slow
Govt. regulation
► Eventually
improved
life
 Middle Class emerges
 Lack of sanitation
 Workers form unions
 Poor housing
 Class tensions
 Dangerous work
 Pollution & crime
 Reform laws are
eventually adopted
 Education & standard
of living improves
 Nations become rich
Tuberculosis was the plague of the
century
Industrialization Spreads
►1792:
Industrial secrets smuggled to
the U.S.
►1799:
Secrets reach Belgium & later
Germany, France
►Nations
that failed to industrialize
fell behind economically
Worldwide Impact of
Industrialization
► Gap
between industrialized countries &
non-industrialized widens
► Led
to the Age of Imperialism
► Longer
► Better
► More
life-expectancy
education
democratic participation