Introduction to Mendelelian Genetics
Gregor Mendel

Who is Gregor Mendel and what did he do?


Between 1856 and 1863, Mendel cultivated and tested some 28,000 ____ ______.
Mendel is known as the father of ___________________
Genetic Terminology
 ________________ -any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring

_________________- passing of traits from parent to offspring

_________________- study of heredity

________________ two forms of a gene (dominant and recessive)

_____________ - stronger of two genes expressed in the hybrid; represented by a CAPITAL LETTER
(ex. R, T, S)

_______________- gene that shows up less often in a cross; represented by a lowercase letter (ex. r, s,
t)
More Terminology
 Genotype - _________ combination for a trait (e.g. RR, Rr, rr)

Phenotype- the __________ feature resulting from a genotype (e.g., red, white)
Genotype and Phenotype in Flowers
Genotype of alleles:
 R = red flower
 r = yellow flower


All alleles occur in pairs, so 2 alleles affect a characteristics
Possible combinations are:
Genotypes – RR
Phenotypes RED
Rr
RED
rr
Yellow
Genotypes
 ___________ _______________ - gene combination involving 2 dominant or 2 recessive genes (e.g.
RR or rr); also called pure
 ________________ _________________ - gene combination of 1 dominant & 1 recessive allele (e.g.
________); also called a hybrid
Generation “Gap”
 ______________________ = the parental generation in a breeding experiment

_______________________ = the first- generation offspring in a breeding experiment (from breeding
individuals from the P1 generation)

______________________ = the second- generation offspring in a breeding experiment (2nd filial
generation)  (from breeding individuals from the F1 generation)
Types of Genetic Crosses

_________________ __________________ = cross that involves a single trait
o e.g. flower cross

_________________ _________________ = crossing involving two traits
o e.g. flower color and plant height