Geographic Databases :
Regional & Global Initiatives
Meeting on
Cartography and Geographic Information Science
UN Headquarters, New York, March 28-30, 2000
Henry Tom
Oracle Corporation
®
Presentation Outline
The Spatial Perspective
Spatial Data Infrastructures
The Way Forward
• The Spatial Perspective
Leverage Oracle8i for Spatially Enabled Internet Applications
®
Spatial Data
Geographic
Spatial
Geospatial
Maps
GPS
Satellite Imagery
Location - geographic coordinates
Spatial Data
Place names
Addresses
Geo-codes
Geo-codes
Place names
United States US
United
States
New
York 12345
EastData
Coast
social
economic
Address
Phone Books
New York&City
demographic
United Nations HQ
Location - without geographic
coordinates
Spatial Data
Enterprise Databases
Location based data
schools
Type
Occupants
Address
City
State
ZIP
Elementary
100
2 Apple Street
Mayberry
NC
12345
Middle
500
30 Elm Street
Bethesda
MD
22070
High
1000
10 Main Street
Herndon
VA
20180
College
10000
1 College Drive
Rockville
MD
22740
Spatial Trends
Location based
Services & solutions
Spatial
Development
Geographic Information
Systems ( GIS )
Spatially
Enabled Society
Spatially Enabled Databases
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
Computer / Automated Cartography
Traditional
Geography /
1970
Cartography
1985
1995
Time
2000
2005
• Spatial Data Infrastructures
Leverage Oracle8i for Spatially Enabled Internet Applications
®
Spatial Data Infrastructures ( SDI )
Characteristics
Growing user community for
spatial data
Transition from maps to spatial
databases
Coordinated approach for access to
spatial data & technology
Spatial Data Infrastructures ( SDI )
Levels
National ( NSDI )
Regional ( RSDI )
Global ( GSDI )
Spatial Data Infrastructures
Global
Regional
National
Regional
Local
Spatial Data Infrastructures ( SDI )
Components
Data Policy
Institutional Framework
Technology
Standards
National Spatial Data Infrastructure
®
National Spatial Data Infrastructures
by Country
Antarctica
Argentina
Australia
Canada
Colombia
Cyprus
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Japan
Kiribati
Macau
Malaysia
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Northern Ireland
Norway
Pakistan
Poland
Russian Federation
South Africa
Sweden
United Kingdom
USA
etc..
Regional Spatial Data Infrastructures
®
Regional Spatial Data Infrastructures
European Geographic Information
Infrastructure ( EGII )
Permanent Committee on GIS
Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific
Permanent Committee on GIS
Infrastructure for the Americas
Permanent Committee on GIS
Infrastructure for Africa
Regional Spatial Data Infrastructures
United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference
for Asia and the Pacific ( Beijing, 1994 )
Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure
for Asia and the Pacific
http://www.percom.apgis.gov.au
United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference
for the Americas, June 2-6, 1997, New York, NY
Permanent Committee for Spatial Data
Infrastructures for the Americas ( February, 2000 )
http://www.igac.gov/pcidea/index.htm
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
®
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference
for Asia and the Pacific February 3-7, 1997
Bangkok, Thailand
United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference
for the Americas, June 2-6, 1997, New York, NY
Strategic Direction Spatial Data Infrastructures
form the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
GSDI - 1
September 4-6, 1996
Bonn, Germany
GSDI - 4
March 13-15, 2000
CapeTown, South Africa
GSDI - 2
October 19-21, 1997
Chapel Hill, NC USA
GSDI - 5
May 24-25, 2001
Cartagena, Colombia
GSDI - 3
November 16-18, 1998
Canberra, Australia
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure ( GSDI )
GSDI Implementation
Global Data Sets
Global Mapping
Secretariat - Japan
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure ( GSDI )
GSDI Implementation
Internet
Virtual Database
• The Way Forward
Leverage Oracle8i for Spatially Enabled Internet Applications
®
• Sources of Geographic
Databases
Leverage Oracle8i for Spatially Enabled Internet Applications
®
http://www1.gsi-mc.go.jp/iscgm-sec
http://www.digest.org
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ( SRTM)
Miquelon & Saint Pierre Islands
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm
MEGRIN
MEGRIN - Multipurpose European Ground Related
Information Network it is a European network of geographical
referenced information for use in many diverse applications.
SABE
Seamless Administrative
Boundaries of Europe
( 26 countries )
http://www.megrin.org
Digital Earth Initiative
http:// digitalearth.gov
US NDSI Clearinghouse Growth
US NSDI Clearinghouse Nodes
http:// www.fgdc.gov
FAO-AFRICOVER Project
The objectives of the FAO-AFRICOVER project are to
establish a digital geo-referenced database on land-cover,
and a geographic referential (geodesy, toponymy, roads,
hydrography) at a 1:250,000 / 1:200,000 scale, for the
whole Africa. This base will also be generalized at the
1:1,000,000 scale. A further objective of AFRICOVER
is to reinforce and to build up the national and
sub-regional capacities for the establishment, update,
and operational use of the geographic referential and
the geodatabases.
UN Geographic Database Sources
Global Resource Information Database
( GRID )
United Nations Group of Experts on
Geographical Names
Commission on Sustainable Development
etc …
Multi-national banks - Database Sources
World Bank
Inter-American Development Bank
International Monetary Fund
Asian Development Bank
etc …
• Technical Considerations
Leverage Oracle8i for Spatially Enabled Internet Applications
®
ISO/TC 211 Chairman and Secretariat
ISO/TCWG
211 1
Geographic information/
United
States
Geomatics
of America
ISO/TC 211 will develop a family of standards :
ISO 19100 series
Chairman : Olaf Østensen, Norwegian Mapping Authority
NTS
Secretary : Bjørnhild Sæterøy, Norwegian Technology
Standards Institution
TC 211 Schedule
1995
1996
19101 - Reference model ..…………………………
19102 - Overview ..…………………………………….
19103 - Conceptual schema language …………….
19104 - Terminology …………………………………..
19105 - Conformance and testing …………………..
19106 - Profiles ………………………………………..
19107 - Spatial schema ……………………………….
19108 - Temporal schema …………………………...
19109 - Rules for application schema ……………...
19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology …………
19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates …………
19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers
19113 - Quality principles ……………………………..
19114 - Quality evaluation procedures ……………...
19115 - Metadata ……………………………………...
19116 - Positioning services ………………………….
19117 - Portrayal ……………………………………...
19118 - Encoding ……………………………………...
19119 - Services ………………………………………
19123 - Coverage geometry and functions …………...
19124 - Imagery and gridded data components (Stage 0)
19125 - Simple feature access - SQL option ………….
Scale from start of ISO/TC 211, November 1994 pre
1997
1998
1
1999
1
1
1 2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1 2
1
1
1 2
1
1
1
WD
1 2
2000
1
2
2
2
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1
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1.CD 2.CD DIS FDIS
1
IS
ISO / TC 211 WEB Address
http://www.statkart.no/isotc211/
WWW
containing :
• Secretariat
• Organization
• Calendar
• About...
• Resolutions
• Document list
• Scope / work programme
• Mail to secretariat
• News and information
• Presentations (slides)
Open GIS Consortium ( OGC )
OGC Staff
Vendors
Industry
Government
Academia
Standards
Groups
http://www.opengis.org
Open GIS Consortium ( OGC )
ISO/TC 211 OGC
Coordination Group TOCG
WEB Mapping Testbed
Geographic Databases
Lots of existing sources
Coordination
United Nations
Global Spatial Data
Infrastructure
United Nations Coordination
UN Geographic Database Project :
establishes a UN spatial data infrastructure
Geographic Information Working Group -
Administrative Committee on Coordination /
Consultative Committee on Programme
and Operational Questions,
Institutional Considerations
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure ( GSDI )
[ http://www.gsdi.org ]
UN Regional Cartographic Conferences
Permanent Committees ( regional )
Non governmental organizations & industry
Discussion
Global coordination of
geographic databases
Henry Tom
Oracle Corporation
1910 Oracle Way MS 5049
Reston, VA 20190 USA
+01 703 364 2358
+01 703 318 6342 FAX
htom@us.oracle.com