Learning
Chapter Review
In Classical Conditioning, the best
results occur when the conditioned
stimulus is presented
a. After the unconditioned stimulus
b. At the same time as the
unconditioned stimulus
c. Alone
d. Before the unconditioned stimulus
Answer: D
Before the unconditioned stimulus
Who pioneered research in classical
conditioning?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sigmund Freud
Ivan Pavlov
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Answer: B
Ivan Pavlov
An unpleasant consequence that
decreases the frequency of the
response that produced it is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Classical conditioning
Avoidance learning
Answer: B
Punishment
In classical conditioning, the
responses that are conditioned are
a.
b.
c.
d.
Voluntary
Involuntary
Operant
imitative
Answer: B
Involuntary
A subject responding to a second
stimulus similar to the original CS is
an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
Discrimination
Preconditioning
Generalization
taste
Answer: C
Generalization
A child saying “Daddy” only to his
father is an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
Extinction
Discrimination
Generalization
An unconditioned response
Answer: B
Discrimination
Things that meet people’s needs,
such as food, are examples of
a.
b.
c.
d.
Extinction
Secondary reinforcers
Primary reinforcers
shaping
Answer: C
Primary Reinforcers
Spontaneous recovery can occur
a.
b.
c.
d.
When the unconditioned stimulus is
extinguished
When the conditioned stimulus starts
again.
After systematic desensitization
As a result of latent learning
Answer: B
When the conditioned stimulus starts
again.
Which of the following types of
learning involves cognitive factors?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Classical conditioning
Latent learning
Operant conditioning
Programming learning.
Answer: B
Latent Learning
Something that produces a response.
Answer:
Stimulus
Form of classical conditioning in
which food comes to be avoided.
Answer: Taste Aversion
Method of teaching complex
behaviors by breaking them down
into manageable parts.
Answer: Shaping
Type of schedule in which
reinforcement occurs every time the
behavior occurs.
Answer: Continuous Reinforcement
Type of learning that occurs when a
person observes and imitates others.
Answer: Observational Learning.
What psychologist pioneered
research on observational learning?
Answer: Albert Bandura
Through operant conditioning,
people learn to control
a.
b.
c.
d.
Voluntary responses
Involuntary biological behaviors
Unconditioned responses
Unconditioned stimuli
Answer: A
voluntary responses
Learned reactions that follow one
another in sequence.
Answer: Response Chains.
Training an organism to remove or
terminate an unpleasant stimulus.
Answer: Escape Conditioning.
Most psychologists suggest that
punishment is not the best way to
deal with a problem because it
a.
b.
c.
d.
May cause children to learn to hit.
May cause children to run away.
Does not teach the correct way to
act.
Does all of the above
Answer: D
All of the above.
Classical or Operant?
Because taking exams in the past has always
led to failure and humiliation, Sam gets
nervous and nauseous whenever the
teacher announces that they’re about to
take a quiz.
Answer: Classical!
True or False?
Smiles and approval are secondary
reinforcers.
Answer: False.
True or False?
Cognitive psychologists view learning as
mechanical.
Answer: False
True or False?
The psychologist most closely associated
with operant conditioning is Sigmund
Freud.
Answer: False
Schedule of reinforcement in which a behavior is
reinforced after a set number of responses. Like
when a video store promises a free rental with
every 5 paid rentals.
What is a Fixed-Ratio?
Actions taken which result in something positive
being taken away and the behavior is less likely to
occur again .
Omission Training
Type of Reinforcement schedule were
reinforcement is given every time the desired
behavior occurs.
Continuous Reinforcement
Operant or Classical?
Your father gives you a credit card at the end of
your first year in college because you did so well.
As a result, your grades continue to get better in
your second year.
This is Operant Conditioning because school
performance is a voluntary behavior.
The credit card is a positive reinforcement
because it is given and it increases the behavior.
Operant or Classical Conditioning?
You eat a new food and then get sick because of
the flu. However, you develop a dislike for the
food and feel nauseated whenever you smell it.
This is an example of Classical Conditioning
because nausea is an automatic response.
 The flu sickness is the US.
 The nausea is the UR.
 The new food is the CS.
 The nausea to the new food is the CR.