Organic Review
organic compound consisting
entirely of hydrogen and
carbon
hydrocarbon
Which type of hydrocarbons
are saturated
Single bonded hydrocarbons
Which types of hydrocarbons
are unsaturated
Double or triple bonded carbons
Which are more reactive
chemically, saturated
hydrocarbons of unsaturated
hydrocarbons?
unsaturated
What is the standard formula
of a alkane
CnH2n+2
What is the standard formula
of a alkene
CnH2n
What is the standard formula
of a alkyne
CnH2n-2
What is the ending for a
double bonded hydrocarbon?
ene
What is the ending for a
single bonded hydrocarbon?
ane
What is the ending for a triple
bonded hydrocarbon?
yne
What is the ending for a
carboxylic acid?
Anoic acid
What is the ending for a
ketone
one
What is the ending for an
aldehyde?
al
What is the ending for a ether
oxy
What is the ending for an
ester
anoate
What is the ending for an
alcohol
ol
What is the beginning for a 7
carbon chain?
hept
What is the beginning for a 9
carbon chain?
non
What is the beginning for a 3
carbon chain?
prop
What is the beginning for a 4
carbon chain?
but
What is the beginning for a 5
carbon chain?
pent
What is the beginning for a 2
carbon chain?
eth
What is the beginning for a 6
carbon chain?
hex
What is the beginning for a 1
carbon chain?
meth
What is the beginning for a 8
carbon chain?
oct
What is the ending for a
carboxylic acid?
Anoic acid
What is the ending for a
alcohol?
ol
What type of reaction will
unsaturated hydrocarbons
undergo that saturated
hydrocarbons will not?
Addition reactions
. Write a complete balanced
equation for the following
addition reaction
+ Cl2 
.What type of chemical
reaction do all hydrocarbons
undergo
combustion
Write the balanced chemical
equation for the complete
combustion of ethane
Write a complete balanced
equation for the following
addition reaction
+ 2 Br2 
How does the length of the
carbon chain effect the
melting points and boiling
points of hydrocarbons?
The longer the carbon chain the
higher the melting and boiling
points.
Which of the following would
you expect to have the
highest boiling point?
(1) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
(2) CH4
(3) CH3CH3
(1) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
Are hydrocarbons soluble in
water? Why or why not?
They are not soluble in water as
they are non-polar.
What are isomers?
Isomers have the same molecular
formula but different molecular
structure. The double or triple
bond will be in a different location
Which of the following pairs
represents pairs of isomers?
H2C
H
C
H2C
CH3
H
C
C
H2
H3C
CH3
H
C CH
2
H3C
H
C
C
H
CH3
Classify each of the following
as an alkane, an alkene or an
alkyne - propane
alkane
Classify each of the following
as an alkane, an alkene or an
alkyne alkene
Classify each of the following
as an alkane, an alkene or an
alkyne - ethyne
alkyne
Classify each of the following
as an alkane, an alkene or an
alkyne alkyne
Name the following -
3 - nonyne
Name the following -
H2C
CH2
ethene
Name the following C
H3C
CH
3
C
2 butyne
Draw the structural formula
and give the molecular formula
- butane
Draw the structural formula
and give the molecular formula
- 1 – hexene
Draw the structural formula
and give the molecular formula
- 2 – pentyne
Draw the structural formula
and give the molecular formula
- ethyne
Draw the structural formula
and give the molecular formula
- 4- nonene
Why is no number used in the
names “ethene” and “propene”?
There is only one place you can put
the double bond for both
molecules.
Why is the name 3 - pentyne
incorrect?
It would be 2 pentyne as you always
have to name using the smallest
hydrocarbon chain.
Describe and explain the
relationship between the sizes
of hydrocarbon molecules and
their boiling points.
The longer the hydrocarbon molecule
the higher the melting and boiling
point.
is a method used to separate
the components of petroleum
It involves the process of
distillation, making use of
the differences in boiling
points of the different
hydrocarbons.
fractional distillation
To make fuels better for
internal combustion engines
straight chain hydrocarbons
are broken down into shorter
branched chain hydrocarbons
process of cracking
a particular combination of
atoms that contributes to
the physical and chemical
characteristics of a
substance
functional group
What type of functional group
does an alcohol contain
OH (hydroxyl) group
Give the physical properties
of alcohols
• polar
• higher melting and boiling points
the alkanes of similar chain length
• longer the carbon chain is the
higher the boiling point will be
Write the equation for the
complete combustion of
methanol.
2CH3OH + 3O2 ===> 2CO2 + 4H2O
Name the - CH3CH2OH
ethanol
Name - CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3
2 - butenol
Name - CH3 CH2 CH2CH(OH) CH2 CH2CH3
4 - heptanol
Draw the structural formula
for - 1 – propanol
Draw the structural formula
for - ethanol
Draw the structural formula
for –, 1 - hexanol
What type of functional group
does an ether contain?
R – O - R
. Explain why methanol has a
higher melting point than
methane.
It contains an hydroxyl so is polar
and forms hydrogen bonds and will
therefore take more energy to split
the bonds thus causing an higher
melting point.
Arrange the following
compounds in order of
increasing boiling point.
1 – pentanol, decane, 1 –
decanol, pentane
Pentane, 1-pentanol,decane, decanol
Consider the following two
compounds:
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH and
CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.
Which is an ether and which is
an alcohol
• CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH – alcohol
• CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. - ether
Which will evaporate at the
lower temperature
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH or
CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.
CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. - ether
Which has the higher
solubility in a polar solvent CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH or
CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH – alcohol
What type of functional group
does a carboxylic acid have?
COOH
What type of chemical
reaction is common for
carboxylic acids
Esterfication and neutralization
reactions.
What is the functional group
for an ester?
What are the products and
the reactants in an
esterification reaction?
Alcohols + Carboxylic acid -- ester
. What is the most distinctive
property of esters?
The have a very strong odor.
What are esters commonly
used for?
Cleaning solutions
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Using water to break down a
compounds into smaller parts.
What is the functional group
for ketones
What is the functional group
for aldehydes
Draw the structure of butanal.
Draw the structure for 2pentanone.
What is a plastic?
synthetic (man made) polymer
What are large molecules
that are formed by linking
many small molecules
together called:
polymer
A molecule that is able to
bond in long chains.
monomer
What is the difference
between an addition polymer
and a condensation polymer?
Give an example of each
addition polymers the
monomers will contain one or
more multiple bonds that can
undergo addition reactions.
condensation reaction water is
a product