Naming, Drawing, and Properties
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They are all around us!
Gasoline, Fuels, and Kerosene are all example
of hydrocarbons.

What two elements make up a hydrocarbon?

The simplest organic
compounds contain only
carbon and hydrogen and
are called hydrocarbons.
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Carbon has four valence electrons…
Therefore, it can form a max of 4 single
covalent bonds with hydrogen:
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Get a glimpse of the staggering variety of
hydrocarbon compounds.
file:///D:/Chapter22/Section01/ChemASAP/d
swmedia/rsc/asap1_chem05_cman2228.html
Formulas and Models for Methane and Ethane
Ball-and-stick model
Space-filling model
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An alkane is a hydrocarbon in which there are only
single covalent bonds.

The carbon atoms in an alkane can be arranged in
a straight chain or in a chain that has branches.

Next lesson, we will look at Alkenes and Alkynes
too.

Ethane is the simplest of the straight-chain alkanes, which
contain any number of carbon atoms, one after the other,
in a chain.
Above are the first 10 straight chained alkenes.
Draw the structural formulas for methane through
pentane.

Get a ball and stick model kit.

Construct a ball and stick model of methane.

Show teacher.

Construct a ball and stick model of butane.

Question: How many covalent bonds are
there in butane?

An atom or group of atoms that can take the place
of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon
molecule is called a substituent.


A hydrocarbon substituent is called an alkyl
group.
An alkane with one or more alkyl groups is called a
branched-chain alkane.
Redraw with hydrogens…
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1. Find the longest chain of carbons: Whether it is in a straight line
or not. This will be the parent name
2. Number the carbons in the parent chain. Number them in a way
where the substituents have the lowest numbers possible.
3. Add the number as a prefix to the substituents name to identify
the position.
4. Use word prefixes (di, tri, tetra, etc.) if a substituent is used more
than once.
5. List the names of substituents in alphabetical order. Ignore prefix
names when alphabetizing.
6. Use a comma to separate numbers. Use hyphens to separate
numbers and words. Full name should contain no spaces.
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Distinguishing Parent Structure from
Substituents
Steps:
1. Find the root word ending in –ane in
the hydrocarbon name. Then write the
longest carbon chain to create the
parent structure.
2. Number the carbons on the parent
chain.
3. Identify the substituent groups.
Attach to the appropriate number on
parent chain.
4. Add hydrogen as needed.

4-ethyl-2,3,4-methyloctane

LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE

In terms of: Polar and Non-Polar molecules


Hydrocarbons are non-polar: Can be
dissolved by other non-polar compounds.
Will hydrocarbons dissolve in water? Why or
why not?
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Section Assessment 22.1 on page 701