Families of the
Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
Families of the Periodic Table:
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
1. Name each region of the Periodic Table
2. Name each family of the Periodic Table
3. List at least 3 characteristics of each family of
the Periodic Table
Periods in the Periodic Table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Regions of the Periodic Table
Metals
Extra electrons
Conductive
Malleable
Dense
Shiny
Ductile
Metalloids
Partly conductive
Non-Metals
missing electrons
Non-Conductive
NOT Malleable
Dull
Groups in the Periodic Table
Elements in groups (families) react in
similar ways!
Hydrogen
Elements
Gas:
Hydrogen
Hydrogen (cont.)



Characteristics
Low density
Low melting point
Non-metal qualities:
brittle, non-conductor,
dull


Reacts w/ halogens to
form acids
Reacts w/ oxygen to
form water
Group 1A: Alkali Metals
Reaction of
potassium + H2O
Cutting sodium metal
Alkali Metals
Elements
Solids:
Lithium
Potassium
Sodium
Rubidium
Cesium
Francium
Alkali Metals (cont.)





Characteristics
Soft
Dull silver color
Low density
Low melting point
Metal qualities: shiny,
good conductor,
malleable, ductile


Reacts w/ halogens to
form salts
Reacts w/ water to
form strong alkaline
hydroxides
Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals
Magnesium
Magnesium
oxide
Alkaline Earth Metals
Elements
Solids
Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Radium
Alkaline Earth Metals (cont.)





Characteristics
Soft
Shiny silver color
Low density
Found naturally as a
compound
Metal qualities: shiny,
good conductor,
malleable, ductile


Glow different colors
Reacts w/ halogens to
form ionic salts
Transition Elements
Lanthanides and
Actinides
(Inner Transitions)
Iron in air gives
iron(III) oxide
Transition Metals
Elements
Solids
All “D-block” elements
Atomic numbers 21-30
39-48
57, 72-80
89, 104-112
Transition Metals (cont.)




Characteristics
High density
High melting / boiling
point
Good catalysts
Metal qualities: shiny,
good conductor,
malleable, ductile



Hard, tough & strong
Silvery blue at room
temperature
Multiple oxidation
states
Post-Transition Metals
Elements
Solids
Aluminum
Gallium
Indium
Tin
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Post Transition Metals (cont.)





Characteristics
Relatively high
density
Salts
Solids
Metal qualities: shiny,
good conductor,
malleable, ductile
Not as reactive



Opaque color
Malleable
Oxidation numbers
+3, +4, +5
Metalloids
Elements
Solids
Boron
Silicon
Germanium
Arsenic
Antimony
Tellurium
Polonium
Metalloids (cont.)



Characteristics
Some shiny
Some dull
Some malleable,
some not



Some ductile, some
not
Has properties of both
metals and nonmetals
Various oxidation
numbers
Other Non-Metals
Gases
(Hydrogen)
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Solids
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Selenium
Carbon
Other Non-Metals (cont.)


Characteristics
Non-metal qualities:
dull, brittle, nonconductor, etc.
High ionization
energy



High electronegativity
Gain electrons easily
Various oxidation
numbers
Group 7A: The Halogens
(salt makers)
F, Cl, Br, I, At
Halogens
Solids
Iodine
Astatine
Fluorine
Chlorine
Liquids
Bromine
Gases
Halogens (cont.)

Characteristics

Only group in all 3 states of matter
Highly reactive w/ alkali metals & alkaline earth
metals
High electronegativity
Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor,
etc.



Noble (inert) Gases Group #8 atoms
P shell full
Very non-reactive
VERY happy
Group 8A: The Noble
(Inert) Gases
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn



Lighter than air
balloons
“Neon” signs
Very Unreactive
because they have
full electron levels
XeOF4
Noble Gases
Elements
Gases
Helium
Neon
Argon
Krypton
Xenon
Radon
Noble Gases (cont.)

Characteristics

Non-reactive
Odorless
Tasteless
Colorless
Nonflammable




Non-metal
qualities: dull,
brittle, nonconductor, etc.
Inner Transition Metals
Elements
Solids
All “F-block” elements
Atomic numbers
58-71
90-103
Inner Transition Metals (cont.)



Characteristics
Most are manmade
High melting points
Metal qualities: shiny,
good conductor,
malleable, ductile



Reactivity varies
Usually bonded to
non-metals
AKA: lanthanides &
actinides
New Elements
Elements
Atomic numbers
113 and on
New Elements


Characteristics
All are manmade
Some will have metal
qualities: shiny, good
conductor, malleable,
ductile


Some will have nonmetal qualities: dull,
brittle, non-conductor,
etc.
Some will have
qualities of both
Families of the Periodic Table:
Let’s see if you can:
1. Name each region of the Periodic Table
2. Name each family of the Periodic Table
3. List at least 3 characteristics of each family of
the Periodic Table
Which pair of elements is MOST similar?
Ca and F
Na and Cl
Ne and Ar
Li and H
Copper is an element that is used in
electrical wires. What is the
smallest unit of copper that still
maintains the characteristics of
copper?
the atom
the electron
the nucleus
the proton
The picture below shows three
objects that can be classified in the
same group. Which of the following
statements is true for all three of
these objects?
They are metals.
They rust rapidly.
They weigh the same.
They are the same color.