1. The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body, provide the main
receptive surfaces for neurons are
A.
B.
C.
D.
neurofibrils.
nissl fibers.
axons.
dendrites.
2. Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear
A.
B.
C.
D.
white.
gray.
brown.
transparent.
3. Which of the following is a type of neuroglial cell?
A.
B.
C.
D.
astrocyte
oligodendrocyte
ependymal cell
All of these are correct.
4. Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?
A.
B.
C.
D.
receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron, effector
effector, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron
effector, sensory neuron, receptor, interneuron, motor neuron
receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
5. When a nerve fiber is polarized, the concentration of
A.
sodium and potassium ions is higher on the inside of its membrane.
B.
sodium and potassium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane.
C.
sodium ions is higher on the inside of its membrane and potassium ions is higher on the
outside.
D.
sodium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane and potassium ions is higher on the
inside.
6. Saltatory conduction
A.
B.
C.
D.
occurs only if the myelin sheath is continuous.
occurs only if nodes of Ranvier are lacking.
is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber.
is slower than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber.
7. What produces myelin in the brain and spinal cord?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Schwann cells
astrocytes
microglia
oligodendrocytes
8. The most rapid nerve impulses are conducted on fibers that are
A.
B.
C.
D.
thick and myelinated.
thick and unmyelinated.
thin and myelinated.
thin and unmyelinated.
9. The nervous system
A.
B.
C.
D.
detects changes in the internal or external environment.
controls the movement of muscles and secretions of glands.
integrates information from several sources and uses it to make an appropriate response.
All of these are correct.
10. Which of the following is a difference between neurons and cells from other organ
systems?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Neurons have Golgi apparatuses.
Neurons have Nissl bodies.
Neurons have mitochondria.
Neurons have lysosomes.
11. Which of the following neurotransmitters functions to relieve pain sensations?
A.
B.
C.
D.
beta-endorphin
acetylcholine
epinephrine
dopamine
12. One difference between the central and peripheral nervous systems is the extent
that nerves regenerate after injury. What is the reason for this difference?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Axons of the central nervous system lack myelin.
Axons of the central nervous system lack connective tissue sheaths.
Peripheral nerves lack Schwann cells.
Peripheral nerves lack endoneurium.
13. What is the correct sequence of these events that follow a threshold potential?
(1) The membrane becomes depolarized.
(2) Sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward.
(3) The membrane becomes repolarized.
(4) Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3, 2, 4, 1
2, 1, 4, 3
1, 2, 4, 3
4, 1, 3, 2
15. When an action potential passes over the surface of a synaptic knob, the contents
of the vesicles are released in response to the presence of
A.
B.
C.
D.
calcium ions.
sodium ions.
neurotransmitters.
neuropeptides.
16. Reflexes help to control
A.
B.
C.
D.
heart rate.
blood pressure.
digestive activities.
All of these are correct.
17. An infant's responses to stimuli are coarse and undifferentiated because its nerve
fibers
A.
B.
C.
D.
have not yet appeared.
are incapable of carrying impulses.
have not yet developed connections to the brain.
are not completely myelinated.
18. In order for a severed peripheral nerve to regenerate and recover its original
function, nerve fibers must sprout and enter tubes formed by
A.
B.
C.
D.
basement membranes and connective tissues.
former axons.
myelin.
nodes of Ranvier.
19. A painful, tangled mass of nerve fibers that sometimes develops following the
amputation of a limb is called a
A.
B.
C.
D.
neuroma.
neurilemma.
node.
None of these is correct.
20. During an action potential, calcium ions cause
A.
B.
C.
D.
potassium channels to open.
potassium channels to close.
sodium channels to open.
sodium channels to close.
21. A decreased blood calcium concentration is likely to be accompanied by
A.
B.
C.
D.
tetanic skeletal muscle contractions.
paralysis of skeletal muscles.
loss of vitamin D.
diarrhea.
22. Drugs that decrease membrane permeability to sodium
A.
B.
C.
D.
are used as local anesthetics.
prevent nerve impulses from passing.
cause a loss in the perception of pain.
All of these are correct.
23. Three general functions of the nervous system are
A.
B.
C.
D.
sensory, motor, and predictive.
integrative, motor, and sensory.
predictive, manipulative, and integrative.
reflexive, sensory, and predictive.
24. A nerve cell membrane may become depolarized as a result of
A.
B.
C.
D.
unequal distribution of ions on each side of the membrane.
some ion channels being opened while others are closed.
the relative ease with which potassium ions diffuse through membranes.
totally preventing sodium ions from passing through the membrane.
25. Neurons are ______, whereas neuroglial cells are _______.
A.
nerve cells; structural and functional units of the nervous system
B.
nerves; nerve cells
C.
structural and functional units of the nervous system; accessory cells in nerve tissue
D.
cells that conduct nerve impulses, fill spaces, and support parts; cells that connect nerve
tissue to surrounding organs
26. Myelin is defined as
A.
B.
C.
D.
an outer membrane on a neuroglial cell.
a lipoprotein cell membrane on the outside of axons.
a mass of white lipid material that surrounds the cell body of a neuron.
a membrane that lies outside of the neurolemma and insulates the neuron.
27. A myelinated nerve fiber is characterized by being ______, whereas an
unmyelinated nerve fiber is characterized by being ______.
D.
A.
gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; white, and composing
the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
B.
white, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and composing
the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
C.
white, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and composing
the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord
None of these is correct.
28. If the body had a low calcium level, then this could affect the release of
neurotransmitters by
A.
B.
C.
D.
increasing the quantity released from synaptic knobs.
breaking down acetylcholine to acetyl and choline in synaptic knobs.
causing a decrease in the amount released from synaptic knobs.
causing a greater amount to be synthesized and stored in synaptic knobs.
29. The process of transmitting a nerve impulse from one neuron to another involves a
A.
nerve impulse stimulating presynaptic dendrites to release a neurotransmitter into a
synaptic cleft.
B.
nerve impulse stimulating presynaptic axons to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic
cleft.
C.
neurotransmitter traveling from presynaptic dendrites across a synapse to postsynaptic
axons or a cell body.
D.
neurotransmitter traveling from postsynaptic axons across a synapse to presynaptic
dendrites or a cell body.
30. Human brain cells are considered ________________ because they are so
specialized.
A.
B.
C.
D.
reversibly differentiated
undifferentiated
terminally differentiated
stem cells
31. Of the following cells, which is considered the most differentiated?
A.
B.
C.
D.
muscle cells
neural cells
skin cells
bone cells
32. Which of the following cells is only found in the PNS?
A.
B.
C.
D.
oligodendroctye
astrocyte
microglial cells
Schwann cells
33. Myelin is rich in which type of molecule?
A.
B.
C.
D.
proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
salts
34. An immune response that triggers an inflammation of the spinal cord and brain,
leaving scars is called
A.
B.
C.
muscular dystrophy
multiple sclerosis
alzheimer's
D.
parkinson's disease
35. Clusters of neuron cell bodies are called
A.
B.
C.
D.
soma
axons
ganglia
nuclei
36. Which of the following cells is not part of the CNS?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ependymal cells
astrocytes
satellite cells
microglia
37. When a stimulus is sufficiently great enough to change the membrane potential and
propagate an axon potential, it is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
recruitement
threshold
summation
tetanus
38. Axon branches are called collaterals.
True
False
39. Myelin is composed largely of carbohydrates.
True
False
40. Astrocytes are thought to provide structural support within the nervous system.
True
False
41. Since the response of a nerve fiber is all-or-none, a greater intensity of stimulus
does not produce a stronger impulse.
True
False
42. Nerve impulses are usually transmitted from a dendrite to an axon or nerve cell
body.
True
False
43. Interneurons are specialized to carry impulses from receptor cells into the brain or
spinal cord.
True
False
44. Nodes of Ranvier occur between adjacent neurons.
True
False
45. Nerve impulses are amplified as a result of the convergence of nerve fibers.
True
False
46. Convergence involves two or more incoming fibers converging on a single neuron,
whereas divergence involves impulses leaving a neuron and passing into several output
fibers.
True
False
47. Nerve impulses are amplified by converging several fibers onto one fiber.
True
False
48. A nerve is a single neuron that transmits nerve impulses.
True
False
49. A mixed nerve is a nerve composed of a mixture of different neuroglial cells.
True
False
50. A reflex is an automatic, unconscious response to changes occurring inside or
outside of the body.
True
False
51. A deficiency of calcium in the body can result in continuous muscle contractions, or
tetany.
True
False
52. The part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary muscular movements is
the
A.
B.
C.
D.
cerebrum.
brain stem.
cerebellum.
corpus callosum.
53. Which of the following is most closely associated with the diencephalon?
A.
B.
C.
D.
thalamus
cerebral aqueduct
cerebral peduncles
red nucleus
54. The complex network of tiny islands of gray matter within the brain that acts as a
filter for incoming sensory impulses is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
dentate nucleus.
reticular formation.
limbic system.
corpora quadrigemina.
55. If the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged,
what is the result?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Memory is lost.
Motor control to the right leg is impaired.
Eyesight is lost.
Motor control of the muscles associated with speech is lost.
56. The meninges consist of
A.
B.
C.
D.
the pia mater.
the arachnoid mater.
the dura mater.
All of these are correct.
57. Gray matter of the spinal cord is mostly composed of
A.
B.
C.
D.
interneurons.
cerebrospinal fluid.
axons.
myelin.
58. The corticospinal tracts function in the control of
A.
B.
C.
D.
sweat glands.
posture.
voluntary muscle movements.
spinal reflexes.
59. The primary motor areas of the brain are located in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe.
precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
posterior sulcus of the temporal lobe.
lateral portion of the occipital lobe.
60. What is the function of cerebral association areas?
A.
to analyze and interpret sensory experiences
B.
C.
D.
memory
reasoning and judgement
All of these are correct.
61. The structure that contains nerve tracts connecting the right and left cerebral
hemispheres is called the
A.
B.
C.
D.
basal ganglia.
hypothalamus.
rubrospinal nuclei
None of these is correct.
62. The basal ganglia include which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
putamen
globus pallidus
caudate nucleus
All of these are correct.
63. Which of the following is not a part of the diencephalon?
A.
B.
C.
D.
thalamus
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary gland
posterior pituitary gland
64. Which of the following parts of the mature brain develops from the forebrain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
midbrain
pons
cerebellum
thalamus
65. The cerebrum is separated from the cerebellum by the
A.
B.
C.
D.
lateral sulcus.
central sulcus.
longitudinal fissure.
transverse fissure.
66. Most cerebrospinal fluid is secreted from the choroid plexuses in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
lateral ventricles.
third ventricle.
fourth ventricle.
cerebral aqueduct.
67. Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus?
A.
B.
C.
D.
regulation of body temperature
control of hunger
production of hormones
control of postural reflexes
68. An inflammation of the meninges called meningitis most commonly involves the
A.
B.
C.
D.
dura mater only.
dura mater and arachnoid mater.
arachnoid mater and pia mater.
pia mater only.
69. The condition called spina bifida is characterized by an
A.
abnormality in neural tube development.
B.
C.
D.
open vertebral column.
exposed spinal cord.
All of these are correct.
70. If the visual cortex of the right occipital lobe is injured, the person is likely to
experience
A.
B.
C.
D.
partial blindness in the right eye only.
total blindness in the left eye only.
partial blindness in both eyes.
total blindness in both eyes.
71. If the general interpretative area of the dominant hemisphere is damaged in a child,
the
A.
corresponding region on the opposite side of the brain may take over the interpretative
functions.
B.
child will fail to develop language abilities.
C.
child cannot learn to read.
D.
child will have difficulty concentrating.
72. Brain waves are recordings of activity occurring in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
cerebral cortex.
cerebellum.
basal ganglia.
brain stem.
73. Parkinson's disease, which is characterized by slow movements and difficulty
initiating voluntary muscular actions, results from a disorder in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
frontal lobe.
parietal lobe.
basal ganglia.
ventricles.
74. The structure of the spinal cord can be described as
(1) composed of thirty-one segments
(2) having a cervical enlargement, lumbar enlargement, and two deep longitudinal
grooves
(3) a central core of gray matter that is surrounded by white matter
(4) having gray matter that is composed of myelinated nerve fibers
A.
B.
C.
D.
1, 2, 3
1, 3
2, 4
4
75. The area of skin supplied by sensory nerve fibers from a particular dorsal root is
called a
A.
B.
C.
D.
dermatome.
microtome.
sensory body.
nerve body.
76. Which of the following terms with accompanying definitions is correct?
A.
cerebral cortex-a thin layer of gray matter constituting the outermost portion of the
cerebrum
B.
hemisphere dominance-the largest cerebral hemisphere with the thickest cerebral cortex
C.
limbic system-a group of interconnected brain structures that function to activate skeletal
muscle
D.
cauda equina-a network of anterior branches of spinal nerves
77. The consequence of sensory nerve fibers crossing over is that the
A.
brain becomes confused as to which side of the body a sensory impulse originated.
B.
right hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses originating on the left side of
the body and vice versa.
C.
left hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses originating on the left side of
the body and vice versa.
D.
impulses never reach the appropriate lobe of the brain to be interpreted.
78. Basal ganglia are located in the ______ and function to ______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
brain stem; relay motor impulses originating in the cerebral cortex
frontal lobe; aid in control of motor activities
deep regions of the cerebral hemispheres; aid in control of motor activities
cerebral hemispheres; aid in coordination of equilibrium motor activities
79. The somatic nervous system consists of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the
______, whereas the autonomic nervous system consists of fibers that connect the
______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
skin and skeletal muscles; brain to the spinal cord
visceral organs; CNS to the skin and skeletal muscles
heart and intestines; CNS to the cardiac and smooth muscles
skin and skeletal muscles; CNS to the visceral organs
80. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ______ and it functions to______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
tissue
dura mater; maintain a stable ionic concentration in the CNS
choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protect the brain from blows to the skull
arachnoid villi in the dura sinus; provide a pathway to the blood for waste substances
capillaries in the dura mater of the ventricles; provide moisture to the surface of the brain
81. The subarachnoid space within the meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid.
True
False
82. The brain is thought to include only about one hundred million neurons.
True
False
83. The gray commissure of the spinal cord surrounds the central canal.
True
False
84. The first stage of memory is called short-term.
True
False
85. Spinal nerves are grouped and named according to function.
True
False
86. All hormones are
A.
B.
C.
D.
steroids.
proteins.
inorganic compounds.
organic compounds.
87. Steroid hormones
A.
B.
C.
D.
are soluble in lipids.
combine with protein receptor molecules.
act by causing the synthesis of messenger RNA molecules.
All of these are correct.
88. Nonsteroid hormones act upon their target cells by causing
A.
B.
C.
D.
cyclic AMP to become ATP.
cyclic AMP to be decomposed.
the activation of adenylate cyclase.
the inactivation of adenylate cyclase.
89. As a rule, hormone concentrations are controlled by
A.
B.
C.
D.
positive feedback mechanisms.
negative feedback mechanisms.
thermostats.
cellular demands.
90. Growth hormone
A.
B.
C.
D.
enhances the movement of amino acids into cells.
increases the rate of protein synthesis.
increases the rate of fat metabolism.
All of these are correct.
91. Which of the following hormones exerts its effect primarily upon the reproductive
organs?
A.
B.
C.
D.
follicle-stimulating hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
prolactin-releasing factor
thyrotropin
92. Thyroxine functions to
A.
B.
C.
D.
reduce the rate at which carbohydrates are utilized.
enhance the rate at which proteins are synthesized.
inhibit activities within the nervous system.
inhibit the rate at which calcium enters body fluids.
93. The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the
A.
B.
C.
D.
hypothalamus.
concentration of blood calcium.
thyroid gland.
pituitary gland.
94. An example of a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla is
A.
B.
C.
D.
mineralocorticoid.
glucocorticoid.
aldosterone.
None of these is correct.
95. Insulin causes
A.
B.
C.
D.
a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose.
a decrease in the permeability of cell membranes to glucose.
an increase in the production of glucose from glycogen.
None of these is correct.
96. As a result of the general response to stress, the blood concentrations of
epinephrine
A.
B.
C.
D.
rise and cortisol fall.
fall and cortisol rise.
and cortisol rise.
and cortisol fall.
97. Target cells for releasing hormones are in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
hypothalamus.
anterior pituitary gland.
posterior pituitary gland.
thyroid gland.
98. Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
pancreas
anterior pituitary
liver
thyroid gland
99. Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the
hypothalamus for its secretion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
oxytocin
prolactin
antidiuretic hormone
calcitonin
100. The hormone that causes calcium to be deposited in bone is
A.
B.
C.
D.
calcitonin.
parathyroid hormone.
thyroxine.
insulin.
101. Another name for antidiuretic hormone is
A.
B.
C.
D.
intermedin.
oxytocin.
vasopressin.
aldosterone.
102. Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?
A.
B.
C.
in the posterior pituitary
in the hypothalamus
in the thalamus
D.
in the anterior pituitary
103. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is
produced by the
A.
B.
C.
D.
intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
pineal gland.
adrenal gland.
104. The blood concentration of growth hormone
A.
B.
C.
D.
rises in females after menopause.
varies greatly in males during adulthood.
drops at puberty and rises after adolescence.
rises at puberty and levels off after adolescence.
105. Beverage alcohol causes an increase in urine production by
A.
B.
C.
D.
inhibiting the secretion of ADH.
stimulating the secretion of ADH.
inhibiting the secretion of ICSH.
stimulating the secretion of ICSH.
106. Oxytocin is sometimes administered to women following childbirth to stimulate
A.
B.
C.
D.
milk production.
uterine contractions.
uterine relaxations.
ACTH production.
107. Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the
A.
B.
C.
D.
adrenal gland.
pancreas.
parathyroid gland.
thyroid gland.
108. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by
A.
B.
C.
D.
glucose in the urine.
urine with high osmotic pressure.
excessive urine production.
All of these are correct.
109. Simple goiter is most likely to affect people who live in regions where the soil lacks
A.
B.
C.
D.
organic matter.
vitamins.
iodine.
potassium
110. A deficiency of hormones from the adrenal medulla is likely to produce
A.
B.
C.
D.
high blood pressure.
increased heart rate.
elevated blood sugar.
None of these is correct.
111. Cancer patients often develop endocrine disorders because
A.
B.
C.
cancer cells sometimes secrete hormones inappropriately.
hormones are used to treat cancer.
cancers often destroy endocrine glands.
D.
hormones cause cancers.
112. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is caused by
A.
B.
C.
D.
excess sugar in the diet.
obesity.
a disorder of the immune system.
aging.
113. Treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus usually involves
A.
B.
C.
D.
controlling the diet.
exercising regularly.
maintaining desirable body weight.
All of these are correct.
114. In the treatment of diabetes mellitus, the blood test for hemoglobin A is used to
measure
A.
B.
C.
D.
blood glucose concentration.
blood oxygen level.
red blood cell number.
None of these is correct.
115. A person who is experiencing the effects of stress usually has an increased
A.
B.
C.
D.
activity of the spleen and other lymphatic organs.
number of lymphocytes in the blood.
resistance to infections.
blood pressure.
116. A hormone is defined as a ______ and the target cell is defined as _______.
A.
protein substance that stimulates other cells; the source of hormone secretions
B.
regulatory substance that controls secretions of other cells; a cell that synthesizes
hormones
C.
substance that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that possesses specific
receptors for hormone molecules
D.
None of these is correct.
117. A nonsteroid hormone acts on a target cell by
A.
B.
C.
D.
causing a second messenger to be formed.
causing the cell to divide.
promoting phagocytosis.
directly causing protein synthesis.
118. A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by
A.
B.
C.
D.
causing a second messenger to be formed.
causing the cell to divide.
promoting phagocytosis.
directly causing protein synthesis.
119. The definition of endocrine is also the unique identifier for the system. It means
A.
B.
C.
D.
hormone synthesis.
internal secretion.
acting upon target cells.
fast-acting compound.
120. An overproduction of prolactin can
A.
disrupt sexual function.
B.
C.
D.
cause an overproduction of milk.
initiate uterine cramps.
degrade sperm cells.
121. _________ is responsible for inhibitory control of prolactin.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Seratonin
GABA
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
122. Which of the following hormones is released by the hypothalamus to regulate
prolactin synthesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
PIH
PRF
PTH
PGDF
123. The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are amines.
True
False
124. Releasing hormones are substances whose target cells are in the anterior pituitary
gland.
True
False
125. The secretion of pituitary hormones is largely controlled by the thalamus.
True
False
126. Oxytocin acts primarily on the kidneys and causes them to conserve water.
True
False
127. When the ventricular walls contract,
A.
B.
C.
D.
the bicuspid valve opens and the tricuspid valve closes.
the tricuspid valve opens and the bicuspid valve closes.
the bicuspid and tricuspid valves close.
the bicuspid and tricuspid valves open.
128. The loose-fitting sac around the heart is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
parietal pericardium.
visceral pericardium.
epicardium.
endocardium.
129. The skeleton of the heart consists of
A.
bone within the myocardium.
B.
C.
D.
bone within the interatrial septum
fibrous connective tissue in the pulmonary trunk.
fibrous connective tissue encircling the atrioventricular orifices.
130. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of parts through which
blood moves in passing from the vena cava to the lungs?
A.
B.
C.
D.
right atrium, pulmonary valve, right ventricle, tricuspid valve
right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve
tricuspid valve, right atrium, pulmonary valve, right ventricle
pulmonary valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle
131. The correct sequence of parts that function to carry cardiac impulses is
A.
B.
C.
D.
A-V node, S-A node, Purkinje fibers, A-V bundle.
A-V node, A-V bundle, Purkinje fibers, S-A node.
S-A node, Purkinje fibers, A-V node, A-V bundle.
S-A node, A-V node, A-V bundle, Purkinje fibers.
132. Which type of blood vessel holds the greatest volume of blood?
A.
B.
C.
D.
artery
arteriole
capillary
vein
133. Which of the following is not a branch of the aorta?
A.
B.
C.
D.
right coronary artery
pulmonary artery
brachiocephalic artery
left subclavian artery
134. The blood pressure in the systemic arteries is greatest during
A.
B.
C.
D.
atrial systole.
ventricular systole.
ventricular diastole.
atrial diastole.
135. Which of the following conditions would most likely be accompanied by a drop in
blood pressure due to vasodilation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreasing blood pCO2
increasing blood pCO2
increasing concentration of epinephrine
decreasing blood pH
136. The inner lining of the heart is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
epicardium.
myocardium.
endocardium.
None of these is correct.
137. The right atrium receives blood directly from the
A.
B.
C.
D.
superior vena cava and inferior vena cava only.
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus only.
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary veins only.
None of these is correct.
138. The normal pacemaker of the heart is the
A.
Purkinje fibers.
B.
C.
D.
bundle of His.
sinoatrial node.
atrioventricular node.
139. When a person's pulse is taken by palpation near the thumb on the wrist, what
artery is being felt?
A.
B.
C.
D.
brachial artery
ulnar artery
radial artery
palmar arch arteries
140. Which of the following is least important in returning blood to the heart?
A.
B.
C.
D.
negative intrathoracic pressure
valves in the veins
the pumping action of skeletal muscles
the pushing of blood by the arterial system
141. In an ECG pattern, the P wave is caused by
A.
B.
C.
D.
polarization of atrial muscle fibers.
polarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
depolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
142. In an ECG pattern, the T wave is caused by
A.
B.
C.
D.
polarization of atrial muscle fibers.
repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
depolarization of atrial muscle fibers.
depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.
143. In an ECG pattern, the P-Q interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac
impulse to travel from the
A.
B.
C.
D.
S-A node to the atrial muscle fibers.
S-A node to the ventricular muscle fibers.
A-V node to the atrial muscle fibers.
A-V node to the ventricular muscle fibers.
144. The term used to describe an abnormally slow heart rate is
A.
B.
C.
D.
tachycardia.
bradycardia.
fibrillation.
cardioversion.
145. Which of the following would produce the most life threatening condition?
A.
B.
C.
D.
atrial flutter
ventricular flutter
atrial fibrillation
ventricular fibrillation
146. Which of the following might serve as a secondary pacemaker for the heart?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A-V node
Purkinje fibers
Both A-V node and Purkinje fibers
Neither A-V node nor Purkinje fibers
147. Arterial systolic pressure is most closely associated with
A.
atrial contraction.
B.
C.
D.
ventricular contraction.
atrial relaxation.
ventricular relaxation.
148. Pulse pressure is calculated by
A.
B.
C.
D.
adding systolic and diastolic pressures.
multiplying systolic and diastolic pressures.
subtracting systolic pressure from diastolic pressure.
subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure.
149. Which of the following is not a normal response to physical exercise?
A.
B.
C.
D.
increased blood flow to the myocardium
increased blood flow to the skin
increased blood flow to the skeletal muscle
increased blood flow to the abdominal viscera
150. Which of the following is not a normal result of training for endurance-type
exercise?
A.
B.
C.
D.
enlargement of the heart
increase in stroke volume
increase in heart rate
thickening of myocardium
151. Which of the following is true about the heart?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The apex end points downward at about the 5th intercostal space.
The heart is located lateral to the lungs.
The average adult heart is about 8 cm long and 2 cm wide.
All of these are correct.
152. Which of the following layers of the heart and their functions are correctly
matched?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Epicardium-protective inner lining of the heart chambers and valves
Myocardium-muscular contractions that force blood out of the heart
Endocardium-protective outer covering
None of these is correct.
153. Which of the following waves of an ECG pattern is correctly described?
A.
B.
C.
D.
P wave-depolarization of atria
QRS complex-repolarization of ventricles
T wave-depolarization of ventricles
All of these are correct.
154. How many liters of blood does a heart pump in a 24 hour period?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2000
3500
5000
7000
155. 2.5 billion in a lifetime is the average
A.
B.
C.
D.
number of times a person takes a breath.
number of heartbeats.
number of steps a person takes.
number of liters of blood pumped.
156. The pulmonary circuit
A.
B.
sends deoxygenated blood to the heart.
brings deoxygenated blood from the tissues.
C.
D.
sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
brings oxygenated blood to the tissues.
157. The systemic circuit
A.
B.
C.
D.
sends deoxygenated blood to the heart.
brings deoxygenated blood from the tissues.
sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
brings oxygenated blood to the tissues.
158. The coronary sinus drains blood from the wall of the heart in to the left atrium.
True
False
159. Metarterioles connect arterioles and venules, and allow blood to bypass the
capillaries.
True
False
160. The aorta is the largest artery within the pulmonary circuit.
True
False
161. Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the systolic blood
pressure.
True
False
162. Capillary walls consist of a single layer of epithelial cells and they function to
exchange substances in the blood for substances in the tissue fluid.
True
False
163. Arteries are strong, elastic vessels that carry blood to the heart.
True
False