After It Leaves the Curb
A Solid Waste Training Course for
Ohio Government Decision and Policy Makers
Thank You Partners
Training Modules
Introduction
Module 1
Ohio Solid Waste Management Planning History
Module 2
Solid Waste Management District Governance
Module 3
Solid Waste Management Plan
Module 4
Solid Waste Fees
Module 5
Solid Waste Facilities & Collection
Module 6
Solid Waste Professional Associations &
Professional Meetings
Module 7
Planning for the Future
Thank You Partners
Grant Funds Provided By
Matching Grant Funds
Provided by
Thank You Partners
Project Team
Production Firm
Introduction
Script 0.1
INTRODUCTION
• Designed for County Commissioners acting as the Board of Directors for
Solid Waste Districts
• Board of Trustees for Solid Waste Authorities
• Policy Committee Members of Solid Waste Districts
• Mayors, Council Members, Township Trustees
• Facility Owners/Operators
• Commercial and Industrial Businesses
• Institutions (schools, hospitals and government facilities)
• Ohio Citizens
Script 0.2
INTRODUCTION
Using This Interactive Training Course
The Training Course Contains 7 Modules Including:
• Ohio Solid Waste Management Planning History
• Solid Waste Management District Governance
• Solid Waste Management Plan
• Solid Waste Fees
• Solid Waste Facilities & Collection
• Solid Waste Professional Associations & Professional Meetings
• Planning for the Future
Script 0.3
Using This Interactive Tool
References
• Each of These Modules can be Visited Independently and Include a Vast
Array of Resources and Support Information
• This presentation is Designed to be Updated Frequently
Resources and Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Plan
Ohio EPA’s Solid Waste Clearinghouse
Solid Waste Management Plan Format Book, Version 3.0
County Commissioners’ Handbook Chapter 32
Ohio Revised Code
Ohio Administrative Code
Ohio EPA Website
Solid Waste District Websites – Links included at the end of presentation
Script 0.4
Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts
Twenty Years of Accomplishments
•
Design, build and operate solid waste management facilities to protect
public health and the environment
•
Establish and create public and private sector jobs and opportunities within
the waste industry
•
Create renewable energy from landfill gas projects
•
Created a comprehensive infrastructure to collect materials and return
them to processors to be used as a raw material and returned to the
marketplace as a new product
Script 0.5
Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts
Twenty Years of Accomplishments
•
Operate and fund organic material recycling facilities and products
•
Encourage the use of new and cost effective technologies
•
Provide loans to encourage the establishment of businesses using
recycled materials and creating new job opportunities
•
Establish residential and commercial cooperatives for purchasing solid
waste services and creating recycling markets
Script 0.6
Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts
Twenty Years of Accomplishments
•
Ensure disposal capacity for all Ohio generated solid waste
•
Operate programs to manage and divert special wastes including
household hazardous waste, lead acid batteries and scrap tires
•
Provide funding for law enforcement of open dumping and litter
•
Provide funding to health districts for solid waste monitoring and
enforcement
Script 0.7
Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts
Twenty Years of Accomplishments
•
Educate students and adults on solid waste management issues
•
Provide technical assistance to business and industry to improve waste
reduction and recycling
•
Provide funding to facilitate waste reduction and recycling
•
Implement economic incentives for residents and businesses to recycle
Script 0.8
Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts
and the Public Sector Have Accomplished the Following
•
Developed Over 500 Curbside Recycling Programs
•
Developed Over 1,400 Recycling Drop-Off Centers
•
Each year Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Districts Recycle:
•
•
•
•
Over 13 Million Tons of Solid Waste
1 Million Tons of Yard Waste
Over 5,000 Tons of Household Hazardous Waste
Over 100,000 Tons of Scrap Tires
Module 1
Ohio Solid Waste Management
Planning History
Script 1.1
1980’s Time for a Change
•
Landfill Capacity Shortage
•
Increase in East Coast Waste
•
Environmental Problems at Landfills
•
Needed Environmental Technology Improvements
•
Growth in Interest in Recycling at the Residential Level
Script 1.2
House Bill 592
Ohio Revised Code 343
Ohio Revised Code 3734.40 – 3734. 47
Ohio Revised Code 3734.50 thru 3734.57
•
Environmental technological upgrades at landfills
•
State solid waste management plan – State Solid Waste
Management Plan Executive Summary
•
Establish solid waste management districts or authorities – Map of
Districts and Authorities
•
Required county government (solid waste districts) to plan for
disposal capacity and implement solid waste reduction and
recycling strategies; and reduce reliance on landfills
Script 1.3
GETTING STARTED
•
The new law required all counties to establish solid waste
management districts - Map of Districts and Authorities
•
Districts must have a population of 120,000 or more
•
Exemptions to the population requirement were allowed if the
District had a landfill with more than ten years capacity or the
District provided a financial feasibility study providing for
management of solid wastes for ten years
•
There are now 52 solid waste management districts in Ohio
Script 1.4
GETTING STARTED
•
Beginning in 1988, landfills were required to submit new permit
applications to Ohio EPA for approval on a specified schedule
•
Applications include engineering and operational plans
•
Ohio EPA developed new regulations and best available
technology requirements to improve protection of the environment
at landfills
Module 2
Solid Waste Management
District Governance
STATE LEVEL GOVERNANCE
Script 2.1
Ohio Solid Waste Advisory Council
ORC 3734.51
•
Meets four times annually
•
Advises and assists with the preparation of Ohio’s
solid waste management plan
•
Annually reviews implementation of Ohio’s solid
waste management plan and the plans written by
Ohio EPA via Director’s orders
•
Reports findings to the Director
Script 2.2
Ohio Solid Waste Advisory Council
ORC 3734.51
Membership of the Ohio Solid Waste Advisory Council
• Directors of EPA, DNR, DOD ex officio
• One member each representing the State of
Ohio Senate and House of Representatives
14 members to be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate
• Health District
• Two representing counties
• Two representing municipalities
• Two representing townships
• Public representative
• Single county solid waste districts
• Joint county solid waste districts
• Industrial generators
• Private recycling industry
• Private solid waste industry
• Statewide environmental advocacy
organization
Script 2.3
Ohio Solid Waste Management Plan
ORC 3734.50
State Plan Requirements –
Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Plan
Reduce reliance on the use of landfills for
management of solid waste
Establish objectives for solid waste reduction,
recycling, reuse and minimization
Establish restrictions on the types of solid
waste disposed by landfilling where
alternative management methods are
available
Establish revised general criteria for the location
of solid waste facilities
Examine alternative methods for disposal of
fly ash and bottom ash from the burning of
mixed municipal solid waste
Establish a statewide strategy for managing
scrap tires
Establish a strategy to promote markets for
products containing recycled materials
Establish a program for the proper separation
and disposal of household hazardous waste
Management of Solid Waste Districts
Script 2.4
Types of Solid Waste Districts
•
Single County Solid Waste District – Board of County
Commissioners
•
Joint County Solid Waste District – Board of Directors
•
Solid Waste Authority – Board of Trustees
Script 2.5
Single County Districts
Script 2.6
Joint County Solid Waste Districts
Script 2.7
Solid Waste Authorities
Script 2.8
Differences in Governance
•
A Board of County Commissioners manages a district
similar to other county departments
•
A Board of Directors of a joint solid waste district is
provided specific authority to appoint and fix
compensation of employees; accept gifts, devises and
bequests and take other actions necessary to control
and manage the joint district
•
A Board of Trustees has all the duties and
responsibilities that were imposed on or granted to a
Board of Commissioners or Board of Directors as well
as a policy committee
Script 2.9
Single County Solid Waste
Management District
Board of County
Commissioners
District Policy
Committee
Establishes Fees
Prepares Solid Waste Plan
Monitors Plan Implementation
(Rates and Charges for Operating Facilities)
Solid Waste
Management District
Script 2.10
Joint County Solid Waste
Management District
District Board of Directors
District Policy
Committee
Establishes Fees
Prepares Solid Waste Plan
Monitors Plan Implementation
(Rates and Charges for Operating Facilities)
Solid Waste
Management District
Script 2.11
Solid Waste Authority
Board of Trustees
Manages District
Establishes Fees, Rates and Charges
Prepares Solid Waste Plan
Solid Waste
Management
Authority
Authority of Solid Waste Districts,
Joint Districts and Authorities
ORC 343
Script 2.12
Authority of Solid Waste Districts
•
May acquire (purchase or lease), construct, improve, enlarge,
replace, maintain and operate solid waste collection systems and
solid waste facilities
•
The collection systems and solid waste facilities may be located
within or outside the district
•
May acquire within the county real property, any estate, interest or
rights, by appropriation or any other method for use by a county or
joint district in connection with such facilities
Script 2.13
Authority of Solid Waste Districts
•
Issue bonds or bond anticipation notes to pay the cost of preparing
general and detailed plans and other data required for the
construction of solid waste facilities
•
Maximum maturity of the bonds shall not exceed 10 years
Script 2.14
Authority of Solid Waste Districts
•
Enter into a contract with any person, municipal
corporation, township or other political subdivision for
the operation and maintenance of any solid waste
facilities regardless of whether the facilities are owned or
leased by the county or joint district or the contractor
Script 2.15
Authority of Solid Waste Districts
•
Exemptions for conflicts of interest for Commissioners,
Directors and Trustees are provided in County
Commissioners Handbook Section 32.29 Ethics and
Conflict of Interest Provisions
Script 2.16
Authority of Solid Waste Districts
•
Districts may join and form new joint districts and
withdraw and establish separate solid waste districts.
Details to accomplish withdrawal, dissolution,
establishing new districts or joining an existing district is
provided in County Commissioners Handbook Sections
32.09; 32.10; 32.11
Specific Authorizations for
Joint County Solid Waste
Management Districts
ORC 343
Script 2.17
Powers of the Board of Directors of Joint
County Solid Waste Management Districts
•
A majority of the Board of Directors constitutes a quorum and a
majority vote is required for the Board to act
•
May designate a county auditor as the fiscal officer of the district
•
May appoint an individual to be treasurer and fiscal officer of the
district
•
May designate a prosecuting attorney of one of the counties of the
district to serve as legal advisor
•
May employ an attorney as legal advisor
•
May employ a professional engineer or select the sanitary engineer
from one of the counties in the district to assist with engineering
duties
Management of Solid Waste Districts
Formation of a Solid Waste Authority
ORC 343
Script 2.18
Formation of a Solid Waste Authority
•
Commissioners or Board of Directors may adopt a resolution
proposing an Authority or a political subdivision can request the
Commissioners or the Board to consider passing a resolution to
form an Authority
•
Resolution is sent for a vote to all political jurisdictions (cities,
villages and townships)
•
Proposal to form an Authority is approved when political
subdivisions representing 60% of the population of the district
approve the proposal as long as the municipal corporation having
the largest population in the County approves the proposal
Script 2.19
Formation of a Solid Waste Authority
•
After adoption of the proposal, the County Commissioners enter into an
agreement with the legislative authorities of municipal corporations and
townships to form the Authority
•
The agreement is to include procedures for appointing the Board of Trustees
•
The Board of Trustees is to be comprised of at a minimum: President of the
Board of Commissioners, CEO of the largest municipal corporation, township
representative, the health commissioner having the largest territory in the
district and one member of the public, one industrial, commercial or
institutional generator and a public representative with no affiliation with a
waste management company. The public and generator positions are
appointed by the initial four positions of the Trustees. Other trustee
representatives can be included in the agreement
•
The agreement is adopted in the same manner as the proposal to form the
Authority
Script 2.20
In addition to joint district capabilities, Solid Waste Authorities
may:
• Adopt bylaws
• Maintain an office
• Provide insurance coverage for employees
• Liability insurance for the authority
• Sue or be sued
• Make contracts
• Use the County Prosecutor
• Hire outside legal counsel
• Do all necessary acts to carry out duties and responsibilities under
Ohio Revised Code
Powers of Solid Waste Districts,
Joint Districts and Authorities
ORC 343
Powers of Solid Waste Districts
DESIGNATION
(FLOW CONTROL)
ORC 343
Script 2.21
Powers of Solid Waste Districts
•
Establish facility designations
•
Decide to grant waivers to the designated facilities
•
District rules and designation do not apply to solid
waste facilities that exclusively dispose of a generators
solid waste from one or more premises owned by the
generator and/or facilities that exclusively dispose of
wastes that are generated from the combustion of coal
or a combination of coal and scrap tires that are not
combined with garbage
Script 2.22
Powers of Solid Waste Districts
Districts may be authorized to:
•
Designate solid waste disposal, transfer and recycling activities that
are owned by political subdivisions and are financed with public debt
•
Designate facilities or activities where no public debt is outstanding
Procedures to accomplish designation are outlined in County
Commissioners Handbook Sections 32.19, 32.20 & 32.21
Also See Supreme Court Cases:
United Haulers Association v. Oneida Herkimer Solid Waste Management
Authority, April 30, 2007.
C&A Carbone Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, New York, May 16, 1994.
Powers of Solid Waste Districts,
Joint Districts and Authorities
RULES
ORC 343
Script 2.23
Powers of Solid Waste Districts
If authorized by the solid waste management plan,
•
Adopt, publish and enforce rules
•
Rule 1 – Prohibiting or limiting the receipt of solid wastes generated
outside the district
•
Rule 2 – Governing the maintenance, protection and use of solid
waste collection or other solid waste facilities located within the
district
•
Rule 3 – Governing the development and implementation of an out
of state waste inspection program
•
Rule 4 – Exempting the owner or operator of any existing or
proposed solid waste facility provided for in the solid waste plan
from compliance with a township zoning resolution that rezoned or
redistricted the parcels where the facility is to be located within two
years of filing a permit application
Script 2.24
Powers of Solid Waste Districts
Districts are authorized to:
•
Prosecute violators of District rules or designations
•
Prepare a general facilities plan
•
Pay for improvements by issuing bonds. This could
include cost of acquiring real estate, trucks, rolling stock
and equipment necessary for the improvement.
Powers of Solid Waste Districts,
Joint Districts and Authorities
CONTRACTS
ORC 343
Script 2.25
Powers of Solid Waste Districts,
Joint Districts and Authorities
ORC 343
Districts are authorized to:
•
Contract with any person or political subdivision within or outside
the district for furnishing solid waste collection, storage, transfer,
disposal, recycling, processing or resource recovery services
•
Contract with the owner or operator of a solid waste facility or
collection or hauling company to collect generation or disposal fees
on behalf of the district
Powers of Solid Waste Districts,
Joint Districts and Authorities
RATES AND CHARGES
ORC 343
Script 2.26
Powers of Solid Waste Districts
Districts are authorized to:
• Establish rates or charges for services provided
• Adopt a cost allocation plan
• Procedures for establishing rates and charges
can be found at County Commissioners
Handbook Section 32.26
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
POLICY COMMITTEE
Script 2.27
Solid Waste Management Policy
Committee
Membership
President of the Board of County Commissioners, or designee
• CEO of the largest municipal corporation in the District, or
designee
• Township Representative chosen by Boards of Trustees
• Health Commissioner of the largest health district, or
designee
• Industrial, commercial or institutional generators
representative
• Public representative with no conflict of interest with a waste
company or significant generator of solid waste
• Public representative
Script 2.28
Solid Waste Management Policy
Committee
Joint County District Membership
• Consists of the same representation as a single county
District for each County in the Joint District
• Joint Districts with an even number of counties add one
additional citizen member selected by all the other
policy committee members
Script 2.29
Solid Waste Management Policy
Committee
Solid Waste Authority Board of Trustees
•
A Board of Trustees for a Solid Waste Authority has the
same role as the Policy Committee for a Solid Waste
District
•
Membership on the Board of Trustees is in accordance
with an Agreement ratified immediately after the
Authority is formed
•
A Board of Trustees is vested with all the duties and
responsibilities of a policy committee
Script 2.30
Solid Waste Management Policy
Committee or Board of Trustees
Responsibilities and Duties
•
Select a chairman and vice chairman
•
Appoint a Technical Advisory Council (optional)
•
Retain consultants
•
Request information from ODNR Divisions of
Geological Survey and Water regarding proposed solid
waste sites
Script 2.31
Solid Waste Management Policy
Committee or Board of Trustees
Responsibilities and Duties
•
Prepare the solid waste management plan
•
Adopt the Plan
•
Certify the ratification of the Plan
•
Annually review implementation of the approved plan and
report findings to the Board of Commissioners or Directors of
a joint district
•
Levy fees, amend fees, repeal fees
Module 3
Solid Waste Plan Development
Script 3.1
State Solid Waste Management Plan
•
1989, 1995, 2001, 2009 Editions
•
Sets goals on waste reduction, recycling, waste
minimization and education/awareness
•
Restrict waste from disposal in landfills
•
Siting criteria for solid waste facilities
•
Ash management for incinerators
•
Strategies for managing special wastes, including
scrap tires, household hazardous waste and lead acid
batteries
•
Strategies for market development for recycled
materials
Script 3.2
Solid Waste Management Plan Goals
•
Goal 1: Infrastructure - ensure that there is adequate infrastructure to
give residents and commercial businesses opportunities to recycle solid
waste.
•
Goal 2: Waste Reduction and Recycling Rates - reduce and recycle at
least 25 percent of the solid waste generated by the
residential/commercial sector and at least 66 percent of the solid waste
generated by the industrial sector.
•
Goal 3: Outreach and Education – Minimum Required Programs provide the following required programs: A web site; A comprehensive
resource guide; An inventory of available infrastructure; and A speaker or
presenter.
•
Goal 4: Outreach and Education – Outreach Plan and General
Requirements - provide education, outreach, marketing, and technical
assistance regarding reduction, recycling, composting, reuse, and other
alternative waste management methods to identified target audiences
using best practices.
Script 3.2
Solid Waste Management Plan Goals
•
Goal 5: Restricted Solid Wastes, Household Hazardous Waste (HHW),
and Electronics - provide strategies for managing scrap tires, yard waste,
lead-acid batteries, household hazardous waste, and obsolete/end-of-life
electronic devices.
•
Goal 6: Economic Incentives - explore how to incorporate economic
incentives into source reduction and recycling programs.
•
Goal 7: Measure Greenhouse Gas Reduction - use U.S. EPA’s Waste
Reduction Model (WARM) (or an equivalent model) to evaluate the impact
of recycling programs on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
•
Goal 8 (optional): Market Development - option of providing programs to
develop markets for recyclable materials and the use of recycled-content
materials.
•
Goal 9: Reporting report annually to Ohio EPA regarding implementation
of the SWMD’s solid waste management plan.
Script 3.3
District Solid Waste Management Plans
•
Districts prepare plans to meet State Plan Goals
•
Plans are prepared by Policy Committee or Board of
Trustees
•
Planning Period (Timeline) must be for a period of 10 or
15 years
•
Plans must be updated every 3-5 years
•
Ohio EPA approves each plan after public review and
ratification
Script 3.4
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Section I – Introduction
• Explanation/Purpose of HB 592
• Description of Solid Waste Management
District
• Basic Contents of Plan
Script 3.5
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Section II – District Profile
• Political Jurisdictions
• Residential Characteristics
• Commercial Characteristics
• Industrial Characteristics
• Other Characteristics
Script 3.6
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Section III – Waste Generation
• Waste Generation Analysis (Types of
Wastes)
• Waste Generation Projections (Quantities)
Script 3.7
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Section IV – Landfill & Other Disposal
Methods
•
•
•
•
•
•
Existing Solid Waste Landfills
Existing Transfer Facilities
Regional Capacity Analysis and Demonstration of
Capacity
Siting Strategy for Facilities
Contingencies for Capacity Assurance
Flow Control
•
Additional Facility Information Affecting Capacity
Script 3.8
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Section V – Waste Reduction &
Recycling Programs
•
Overview of existing reduction and recycling
activities
•
Reference Year Waste Reduction
•
Analysis of Program Needs
•
Program Descriptions
•
Analysis of Recycling/Composting/HHW Facilities
Needs
•
Schedule for Facilities and Programs: New,
Expansions, Closures and Continuations
Script 3.9
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Section VI – Costs & Financing
•
Costs of Plan Implementation
•
Funding Mechanisms and Projected Revenues
•
Funding Allocations
•
Summary of Costs and Revenues
Script 3.10-A
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Section VI – Financial Information
10 Authorized Uses of Disposal and Generation Fees
1. Preparing the solid waste plan, monitoring implementation and conducting
periodic review and amendment of the plan
2. Implementing the approved plan
3. Financial assistance to boards of health within the district for enforcement of
solid waste rules, orders, permits, terms and conditions of permits and
licenses for solid waste facilities located within the district
4. Financial assistance to each county in the district for maintaining roads and
other public facilities and emergency services due to the location of solid
waste facilities
5. Paying boards of health for costs incurred for collecting and analyzing
samples from public or private water wells adjacent to the solid waste
facility
Script 3.10-B
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Section VI – Financial Information
10 Authorized Uses of Disposal and Generation Fees (continued)
6. Out-of-state waste inspection program
7. Funding to boards of health or other law enforcement agencies for antilittering laws and ordinances
8. Funding to boards of health to pay for training or certification programs
as required by rules adopted under 3734.02 (L)
9. Funding to municipal corporations or townships maintaining roads and
other public facilities and emergency services due to the location of a
composting, energy or resource recovery, incineration, or recycling
facility that is owned by the district or the facility is furnishing services to
the district pursuant to a contract or agreement
10. Paying expenses agreed to or awarded to communities that are
affected by the siting of a publicly owned landfill or modification to the
facility
Script 3.11
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Section VII – District Rules
•
Authority for Adoption of Rules
•
Existing Rules
•
Proposed Rules
Script 3.12
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Approval Process
•
The district prepares a draft plan and submits it to Ohio
EPA for review
•
District receives Ohio EPA’s non-binding advisory
opinion on the draft plan
•
District revises the plan, as appropriate, based on Ohio
EPA’s comments
•
A 30 day public comment period follows during which a
public hearing is held
•
The plan is revised as appropriate
Script 3.13
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Ratification Process
•
The plan is adopted by the District Policy Committee or Board of
Trustees
•
The plan is sent to the District’s counties, cities and townships for
review and approval
•
The largest municipality and the county commissioners in each
county must approve the plan
•
City and Village councils and township trustees representing at
least 60 percent of the districts population must approve the plan
•
If District generation fees are over $5.00/ton then 75 percent of the
District’s population must approve the plan
Script 3.14
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Ratification Process
•
Once the plan is approved by the communities, it is
declared to be ratified by the District Policy Committee
or Board of Trustees
•
The plan is then submitted to Ohio EPA for review and
the Ohio EPA director approves or disapproves within
90 days
•
If the plan is disapproved by Ohio EPA, the District has
90 days to revise, re-ratify and resubmit the plan. The
District may request a 60 day extension
Script 3.15
District Solid Waste Management Plan
Ratification Process
If the district plan has not been approved within 18 months
of the draft plan due date, the director shall:
• Prepare a plan for the District
• Order the District to implement the plan
• Ohio EPA can recover certain costs for plan
preparation
Script 3.16
Typical Process for Ohio EPA Prepared
Plan
•
Initiate plan development process
•
Meet with District Board, Policy Committee, and staff to
outline plan development process
•
Request for District information that includes:
• Baseline waste generation and recycling data
• Survey data of industries, haulers and recyclers
• Master copy of District plan
Script 3.17
Typical Process for Ohio EPA Prepared
Plan
•
Additional data collection as necessary
•
Data collection sometimes contracted to consultant
•
New program development as necessary
•
Meetings with District staff, local governments, etc.
•
Ohio EPA specifies programs that must be
implemented but does not specify funding mechanisms
Script 3.18
Typical Process for Ohio EPA Prepared
Plan
•
Establish 30-day public comment period
•
Hold a public hearing to present the plan and obtain public
comment
•
Revise the plan based upon public comment
•
Issue Directors Findings & Orders ordering District implementation
of the plan
•
The district implements the plan as ordered and Ohio EPA
monitors plan implementation with enforcement oversight
•
Quarterly submission of proposed budgets to Ohio EPA for
approval while under Ohio EPA plan
•
The District may submit a plan for approval at the three year
update
Script 3.19
Ongoing Plan Implementation and
Monitoring
•
The Policy Committee reports annually to the Board of
County Commissioners or Directors
•
District reports annually to Ohio EPA
Module 4
Solid Waste District Fees and Financing
Script 4.1
Fees and Financing
•
Two primary forms of District fees:
• Disposal fee (ORC 3734.57(B))
• Generation fee (ORC 3734.573)
•
Other funding mechanisms:
• Rates and charges
• Facility tipping fees
• Joint use agreements
• Contracted collection of fees
• County contributions through general fund
Script 4.2
Fees and Financing
•
Other forms of miscellaneous revenue:
•
Grants
•
Interest income
•
Donations
•
User fees for programs
•
Reimbursements
•
Recycling revenue
•
Fee penalty
Script 4.3
Disposal Fees
•
Disposal fees, sometime called tier fees, are levied on
solid waste delivered to in-district facilities from any
point of generation from within the District, outside the
District and outside the State of Ohio
•
Fees are not levied at registered or licensed compost
facilities or legitimate recycling facilities
•
Disposal fees are set by the Policy Committee
Script 4.4
Disposal Fees
•
Current disposal fee tiers as follows:
•
Minimum fee of $1.00/ton for in-district solid waste
•
Minimum fee of $2.00/ton for out-of-district solid
waste
•
Minimum fee of $1.00/ton for out-of-state solid
waste
•
In-district fee can not exceed $2.00/ton
•
Out-of-district fee can not exceed $4.00/ton
•
Out-of-state fee shall not be more than the in-district
fee
Script 4.5
Generation Fees
•
Generation fees are levied only on solid waste that is
generated from within the District
•
Collected at 1st Ohio facility waste is received (transfer
facility, landfill, mixed waste processing facility,
incinerator)
•
Fees are not levied at registered or licensed compost
facilities or legitimate recycling facilities
•
Generation fees are set by the Policy Committee with
no minimum or maximum amount per ton
•
District generation fees range from $0.50 to $10.00/ton
Script 4.6
Fee Approval Process
•
Disposal and generation fees can be created, abolished or revised
either as part of a solid waste management plan or separately
•
If done outside of a solid waste plan, disposal and generation fees
can be created, abolished or revised per the following process:
•
Adoption of a resolution by the policy committee to create,
abolish or amend fees
•
Conduct a 30 Day public comment period
•
Conduct a public hearing
•
Revise fees based on public comment
•
Approval/disapproval by board(s) of county commissioners
and legislative authorities within the District over a 60 day
period
Script 4.7
Fee Approval Process
•
Disposal and generation fees can also be created,
abolished or revised during a plan ratification process
but must include the following added tasks:
• The Policy Committee must include the proposed fee
schedule in all public notices issued for the plan
• Approval/disapproval by board(s) of county
commissioners and legislative authorities within the
District over a 90 day period
• Fees must generally be approved by each county, the
largest municipality, and political jurisdictions
representing 60% of the population
• For generation fees above $5.00, ratification from
political subdivisions representing 75% of the District
will be required
Script 4.8
Fee Approval Process
• There is a 14 Day notification required to all solid
waste facilities when fees are created, changed or
abolished either as a separate process or through a
solid waste plan update
• Collection of new or amended fees is to begin on
the first day of the second month following the
month in which notification is sent to the owners or
operators of the facilities
Script 4.9
Other Funding Mechanisms
•
Property tax rates and charges can be assessed for
services provided by the District such as a curbside
recycling program. The following procedure must be
followed:
• The Board adopts a resolution to create the rates
and charges
• Public notice for three consecutive weeks prior to
hearing
• Conduct three public hearings
Script 4.10
Other Funding Mechanisms
•
Tipping fees at transfer facilities, landfills, mixed waste
processing facilities, incinerators, composting facilities
or recycling facilities can also be used to fund District
activities
•
Joint use agreements are a mechanism to share
facilities between 2 Districts by reducing the out-ofdistrict disposal fee by half for the importing District
Script 4.11
Other Funding Mechanisms
•
Contracts can be used in the collection of disposal
and/or generation fees to provide funding for a District
• A contract is agreed upon by the District and a
facility
• A fee is paid to the District for each ton of solid
waste accepted by the facility
•
County contributions from the general fund
•
Establish a fee of up to $0.50 per ton to preparing the
Solid Waste Management Plan
Script 4.12
10 Authorized Uses of Disposal and
Generation Fees
1. Preparing the solid waste plan, monitoring implementation and
conducting periodic review and amendment of the plan
2. Implementing the approved plan
3. Financial assistance to boards of health within the district for
enforcement of solid waste rules, orders, permits, terms and
conditions of permits and licenses for solid waste facilities located
within the district
4. Financial assistance to each county in the district for maintaining
roads and other public facilities and emergency services due to the
location of solid waste facilities
5. Paying boards of health for costs incurred for collecting and
analyzing samples from public or private water wells adjacent to
the solid waste facility
Script 4.13
10 Authorized Uses of Disposal and
Generation Fees
6. Out-of-state waste inspection program
7. Funding to boards of health or other law enforcement agencies for
anti-littering laws and ordinances
8. Funding to boards of health to pay for training or certification
programs as required by rules adopted under 3734.02 (L)
9. Funding to municipal corporations or townships maintaining roads
and other public facilities and emergency services due to the
location of a composting, energy or resource recovery,
incineration, or recycling facility that is owned by the district or the
facility is furnishing services to the district pursuant to a contract or
agreement
10. Paying of expenses agreed to or awarded to communities that are
affected by the siting of a publicly owned landfill or modification to
the facility
Module 5
Solid Waste Collection & Facilities
Script 5.1
Solid Waste Facilities
Generators, Haulers, Transfer Stations, Incinerators,
Captive Landfills, MSW Landfills, CDD Landfills
Solid Waste Generator
Hauler
Transfer
Station
Incinerator
Captive
Landfill
MSW
Landfill
CDD
Landfill
Script 5.2
Disposal Facilities
•
Landfills
Script 5.3
Landfills in Ohio
Script 5.4
Disposal Facilities
•
Transfer Stations
Script 5.5
Transfer Stations in Ohio
Script 5.6
Recycling Facilities
•
Generators, Haulers, Brokers, Recycling Facilities,
Compost Facilities, Processors, End Users
Solid Waste Generator
Hauler/Broker
Buy
Back
and Drop
Off
Compost
Food
Organics
Facility
Material
Recover
Facility
Scrap
Yard
Recycling
Markets
Processor
End Use
Facility
Scrap
Tire
Recycler
CDD
Recycler
Script 5.7
Recycling Facilities
•
Buy Back Centers
Script 5.8
Recycling Facilities
•
Drop-Off Centers
Script 5.9
Compost & Yard Waste Facilities in Ohio
Script 5.10
Food Waste Compost Facilities in Ohio
Script 5.11
Material Recovery Facilities
•
Clean MRF
Script 5.12
Material Recovery Facilities
•
Dirty MRF
Script 5.13
Recycling Facilities
•
Scrap Yards
Script 5.14
Recycling Facilities
•
Scrap Tires
Script 5.15
Recycling Facilities
•
Construction Debris
Script 5.16
Emerging Alternative Technologies
•
Waste to Energy, Cement Kilns, Power Plants,
Industrial Boilers
Solid Waste Generator
Hauler/Broker
Sewage
Plants Digester
Waste To
Energy
Compost
Food
Organics
Facility
Material
Recover
Facility
Power
Plants
Land Dev
Forestry
Cement
Kilns
Scrap
Tire
Recycler
CDD
Recycler
Industrial
Boilers
Script 5.17
Solid Waste Collection and Processing
There are 3 main types of collection systems for trash and
recyclables currently being practiced:
•
•
•
Automated Collection
Semi-Automated Collection
Manual Collection
There are 3 main types of processing systems for recyclables
currently being practiced:
•
•
•
Single Stream Recycling
Dual Stream Recycling
Multi-Stream Recycling
Script 5.18
Solid Waste Collection Equipment
Truck Type
Front Load Packer
Collection
Type
Automated
Pros
•
•
•
•
1 operator
High compaction
Multi-use (R, C, I)
Fully automated
Cons
•
•
•
•
High expense
High maintenance
Height clearance
Maneuverability
Script 5.19
Solid Waste Collection Equipment
Truck Type
Rear Load Packer
Collection
Type
Manual and SemiAutomated
Pros
•
•
•
•
•
•
Least expensive
High compaction
Low maintenance
Allows 2 side collection
Adapts to dumpsters
Very maneuverable
Cons
• Requires 1-3 operators
• No automated functionality
• Exposed waste
Script 5.20
Solid Waste Collection – Equipment
Truck Type
Collection
Type
Side Load Packer
Manual,
Automated, SemiAutomated
Pros
•
•
•
•
1 -2 operators
Manual to Automated
Efficient R collection
Reduced workers comp claims
Cons
•
•
•
•
•
Low compaction
Expensive
High maintenance
1 side collection
Limited use (R)
Script 5.21
Solid Waste Collection Equipment
Truck Type
Roll-Off Truck
Collection
Type
Semi-Automated
Pros
•
•
•
•
•
1 operator
Medium expense
Heavy loads
Low maintenance
Variety of container loads (1050 cy yards)
Cons
•
•
•
•
•
No automated functionality
Exposed waste
No compaction
Limited use (C, I)
Limited pick-ups
Script 5.22
Solid Waste Collection Equipment
Truck Type
Hook-Lift Truck
Collection
Type
Automated
Pros
•
•
•
•
1 operator
Low expensive
Low maintenance
Adapts to variety of systems
Cons
•
•
•
•
Limited use (C, I)
Exposed waste
No compaction
Low capacity
Script 5.23
Solid Waste Transportation Equipment
Truck Type
Transfer Trailer
Collection
Type
n/a
Pros
•
•
•
•
•
Least expensive
High capacity (20 tons)
Low maintenance
Self unloading capable
Long haul availability
Cons
• Exposed waste
• No compaction
• Limited use
Script 5.24
Solid Waste Transportation Equipment
Truck Type
Rail
Collection
Type
n/a
Pros
•
•
•
•
High capacity
Low maintenance
Long haul availability
Cost effective long haul
Cons
•
•
•
•
Expensive
Exposed waste
No compaction
Limited use
Script 5.25
Residential Solid Waste Collection
Residential Trash
System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Curbside
Manual
Can, Bags, Carts
Rear/Side Load Packer
2
Script 5.26
Residential Solid Waste Collection
Residential Trash
System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Side Door
Manual
Can, Bags, Carts
Rear Load Packer
2
Script 5.27
Residential Solid Waste Collection
Residential Trash
System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Curbside
SemiAutomated
Wheeled Cart
Rear or Side Load
Packer
2
Script 5.28
Residential Solid Waste Collection
Residential Trash
System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Curbside
Automated
Wheeled Cart
Side Load Packer
1
Script 5.29
Commercial/Industrial Solid Waste Collection
Commercial/
Industrial Trash
System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Backdoor
Automated
Dumpster
Front Load Packer
1
Script 5.30
Commercial/Industrial Solid Waste Collection
Industrial Trash
System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Dock
SemiAutomated
Roll-Off
Roll-Off Truck
1
Script 5.31
Residential Recycle Collection
Residential Recycling
System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Curbside – Multi or Dual
Stream
Manual
Bags, Bins
Rear/Side Load Packer
1-2
Script 5.32
Residential Recycle Collection
Residential Recycling
System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Curbside - Single Stream
Manual
Bins and Bags
Rear/Side Load Packer
1-2
Script 5.33
Residential Recycle Collection
Residential Recycling
System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Curbside - Single Stream
SemiAutomated
Wheeled Carts
Side Load or
Rear Load Packer
2
Script 5.34
Residential Recycle Collection
Recycling System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Curbside - Single Stream
Automated
Wheeled Carts
Side Load Packer
1
Script 5.35
Residential/Commercial/Industrial Recycle
Collection
Recycling System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Drop-Off - Single or
Multi-Stream
Automated
Dumpsters/Roll-Off Boxes
Front Load Packer or
Roll-Off Truck
1
Script 5.36
Commercial/Industrial Recycle Collection
Industrial Trash and
Recycle System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Dock
SemiAutomated
Compactor
Roll-Off Truck
1
Script 5.37
Commercial/Industrial Recycle Collection
Industrial Recycle
System
Collection
Type
Container
Truck
Collection
Crew/Route
Dock
SemiAutomated
Roll-Off
Roll-Off Truck
1
Script 5.38
Economic Incentives to Promote Waste
Reduction/Recycling
•
Volume Based Collection Programs
•
Weight Based Incentive Programs
Module 6
Solid Waste Professional Associations
& Professional Meetings
Script 6.1
Solid Waste Professional Associations &
Professional Meetings
There are numerous opportunities for public and private sector solid waste
management professionals in Ohio to network and obtain training and
professional education on solid waste management issues.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
County Commissioners Association (CCAO)
Organization of Solid Waste Districts of Ohio (OSWDO)
Association of Ohio Recyclers
Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA Buckeye Chapter)
Organics Recycling Association of Ohio (ORAO)
Ohio Association of Litter Prevention and Recycling Professionals
(OARPRP)
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA)
Ohio Department of Natural Resources (Ohio DNR)
County Commissioner
Association of Ohio
(CCAO)
Script 6.2
•
Founded 1880
•
Website address - www.ccao.org
•
Provides legislative representation
•
Technical Assistance/Resources – County
Commissioners Handbook
•
Provides educational opportunities
•
Membership includes: county commissioners, county
department heads as affiliates, individuals, businesses,
or corporations interested in county government
Script 6.3
•
•
•
•
•
•
Publications
Seminars/Workshops/Special Events
Library/Publications
Data/Statistics
State & Federal Legislation
Membership Benefit Services such as
property, liability and health insurance & others
Organization of Solid Waste
Districts of Ohio
(OSWDO)
Script 6.4
•
Web site – www.oswdo.org
•
Organizational Affiliate with CCAO
•
Networking organization for solid waste directors and
coordinators
•
Opportunity to exchange ideas on best practices for
solid waste management and recycling
•
Membership: Solid Waste Management Districts
Association of Ohio Recyclers
Script 6.5
•
Founded 1989
•
Web site – www.aor-omex.com
•
Promotes waste reduction, reuse and recycling
•
Membership Includes: individuals, businesses,
organizations and government agencies
Organics Recycling Association
of Ohio (ORAO)
Script 6.6
•
•
•
•
•
Web site – www.ohiocompost.org
Promotes composting, anaerobic digestion and by-product
utilization for the organics processing and management
industry in Ohio
Conferences and educational workshops
Training on new technology and operation of organic
management facilities in conjunction with The Ohio State
University – Ohio Agriculture Research and Development
Center
Membership Includes: Individuals, businesses,
organizations and government agencies
Solid Waste Association of North
America – Buckeye Chapter
(SWANA)
Script 6. 7
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Founded 1985
Web site – www.swanaohio.org
Provides training certification and technical education for solid
waste professionals
Annual Ohio Conference and biennial Tri-State Conference with
other mid-western states
Local, Regional & National Conferences/Workshops/Seminars
on current solid waste topics, services or systems
Opportunities to showcase and exhibit new services, technology
and equipment
Membership Includes: Individuals, students, businesses,
corporations and government agencies that buy, sell, operate
and/or manage solid waste management facilities, services or
equipment
Ohio Association of Litter
Prevention & Recycling
Professionals
(OALPRP)
Script 6.8
•
Founded 1988
•
Web site – www.oalprp.org
•
Provides training and networking for litter prevention and
recycling professionals
•
Summer and Winter Workshops/Seminars on current litter
prevention and recycling topics
•
Membership Includes: Individuals, firm, agency or
organization that supports the mission of OALPRP
Ohio Environmental Protection
Agency
(Division of Solid & Infectious
Waste Management)
Script 6.9
•
•
•
•
•
•
Founded 1972
Web site – www.epa.state.oh.us
Agency responsible for solid waste regulations, enforcement and
solid waste management plan approval
Prepares Ohio State Solid Waste Management Plan working in
conjunction with the State Solid Waste Advisory Council
Provides education and information outreach through quarterly
solid waste district workgroup meetings for solid waste districts,
consultants and interested parties
Solid waste clearinghouse website provides information on solid
waste management planning –
http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsiwm/pages/swmdc.aspx
Ohio Department of Natural
Resources
(Division of Recycling & Litter
Prevention)
Script 6.10
•
Founded 1972
•
Web site – www.dnr.state.oh.us
•
Agency responsible for developing statewide grants and
education for recycling and litter prevention programs
•
Responsible for overseeing grant administration for both
market development and litter prevention programs
Module 7
Planning for the Future
Script 7.1
Planning for the Future
•
Solid waste management has changed dramatically
during the last 20 years
•
The question is: What will the next 20 years bring?
•
There are many possibilities for plans, projects,
operations and facilities that may become
commonplace in the next twenty years
Script 7.2
New and Emerging Technologies
•
Anaerobic digestion of organic waste
•
Waste-to-Energy – of specific waste streams
•
Alternative landfill management systems (e.g., bioreactor)
•
Landfill gas to energy
•
New environmental protection technologies (e.g., Geo-synthetic Liner
Systems)
•
Mining of existing landfills
•
New methods for recycling materials such as carpeting, pharmaceuticals, and
construction & demolition debris
Script 7.3
Waste Stream Priorities
•
Organic material (food waste) curbside recycling may
become commonplace
•
Separation of wood and other fuel materials for wasteto-energy projects
•
Biomass feedstocks from agricultural facilities
•
Animal waste from agra-business
Script 7.4
Sustainability and Product Stewardship
•
Organic waste materials are processed to produce
methane as a renewable energy resource
•
Solid waste is sorted to provide fuels for waste-toenergy facilities
•
Economic incentives cause manufacturers to
complete life-cycle analysis with the objective of
reducing packaging and increasing the recyclability of
all products
Script 7.5
Green Energy from Waste
• Organic material (food waste) digestion
produces green energy for the electric grid
• Bio-mass feedstocks produce bio-fuels
• Landfill gas is used to power collection fleets,
energy for buildings and equipment
Script 7.6
Economic Incentives & Generator
Behavior Changes
•
Organic material (food waste) curbside recycling
becomes commonplace
•
Automation collection becomes the norm throughout
Ohio
•
Volume based systems and charges based on the
amount of disposal become the predominant method of
waste collection
•
Solid waste collection fleets are converted to alternative
fuels
Script 7.7
Increase Waste Diversion Goals &
Incentives
•
New types of wastes fall under Solid Waste District jurisdiction, C&D,
foundry sand and slag
•
More joint ventures to build facilities to meet the needs of more than
one district (Wasteshed Cooperation)
•
More public/private partnerships to invest in infrastructure to meet new
goals and objectives
•
A higher % recycling goal for all solid waste sectors and materials
References and Resources
References-District Websites
• Adams Clermont Joint District – www.oeq.net
• Allen, Champaign, Hardin Madison, Shelby Union Joint District –
www.ncowaste.org
• Ashland County SWD – www.ashlandcounty.org/recycling
• Ashtabula County SWD – www.recycling.co.ashtabula.oh.us
• Athens Hocking – www.home.frognet.net/~recycle
• Auglaize SWD – www.auglaizecounty.org/solid_waste
• Belmont-Jefferson Joint District - www.regionalsolidwaste.org
• Brown County SWD – None
• Butler County SWD – www.butlercountyrecycles.org
• Carroll Columbiana Harrison Joint District –
www.recyclingmakessense.org
• Clark SWD – www.32trash.org
• Clinton SWD – www.co.clinton.oh.us/solidwasterecycling
• Coshocton Fairfield Licking Perry Joint District – www.cflpswd.org
• Crawford SWD - www.crawford-co.org
References-District Websites
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cuyahoga SWD - www.cuyahogaswd.org
Darke County SWD – www.co.darke.oh.us/solidwaste
Defiance Fulton Paulding Williams Joint SWD – www.4cswd.com
Delaware Knox Marion Morrow Joint SWD –
Erie County SWD – www.eriecountyrecycles.org
Fayette Highland Pickaway Ross Joint SWD –
www.rphfsolidwastedistrict.com
Gallia Jackson Meigs Vinton Joint SWD –
Geauga Trumbull Joint SWD – www.startrecycling.com
Greene County SWD – www.co.greene.oh.us/saneng/EnvServ
Guernsey Monroe Morgan Muskingum Noble Washington Joint SWD –
www.wasteabate.org
Hamilton County SWD – www.hamiltoncountyrecycles.org
Hancock County SWD – www.hancockenvironment.com
References-District Websites
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Henry County SWD – None
Holmes County SWD – None
Huron County SWD – None
Lake County SWD – www.lakecountyohio.gov
Lawrence Scioto Joint SWD – www.lsswmd.org
Logan County SWD – www.logancountyrecycles.com
Lorain County SWD – www.loraincounty.us/solidwaste
Lucas County SWD – www.co.lucas.oh.us/index.asp?nid=749
Mahoning County SWD – www.greenteam.cc
Medina County SWD – www.sanitaryengineer.co.medina
Mercer County SWD – None
Miami County SWD – www.co.miamised.com
Montgomery County SWD – www.mcswd.org
Ottawa Sandusky Seneca Joint SWD – www.recycleoss.org
Pike County SWD – None
References-District Websites
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Portage County SWD – www.portagerecycles.com
Preble County SWD – www.preblecountyrecycles.com
Putnam County SWD – None
Richland County SWD – www.richlandrecycles.com
Solid Waste Authority of Central Ohio – www.swaco.org
Stark Tuscarawas Wayne Joint SWD – www.timetorecycle.org
Summit – Akron Solid Waste Management Authority – www.sawsma.org
Van Wert County SWD – www.recyclevw.org
Warren County SWD – www.co.warren.oh.us/solidwaste
Wood County SWD – www.wcswmd@wcnet.org
Wyandot County SWD – www.wyandotrecycles.org
Solid Waste Resources
Ohio EPA’s Solid Waste Clearinghouse –
http://www.epa.ohio.gov/dsiwm/pages/swmdc.aspx
Ohio’s Solid Waste Management Plan –
http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/34/document/general/2001_state_plan.pdf
Solid Waste Management Plan Format Book, Version 3.0 –
http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/34/document/guidance/gd_198.pdf
State Plan Executive Summary –
http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/34/document/general/2001_state_plan.pdf
County Commissioners’ Handbook Chapter 32 –
http://www.ccao.org/LinkClick.aspx?link=MJ+Handbook%2Fhdbkchap0322008.pdf&tabid=349&mid=960&language=en-US
Ohio Revised Code – http://codes.ohio.gov/orc
Ohio Administrative Code – http://codes.ohio.gov/oac
Ohio EPA Website – http://www.epa.ohio.gov/home.aspx
Link to Map of Districts –
http://www.epa.ohio.gov/portals/34/document/general/swmd_map.pdf
Solid Waste Resources
See United Haulers Association v. Oneida Herkimer Solid Waste
Management Authority, April 30, 2007.
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=000&invol=051345
http://origin.www.supremecourtus.gov/qp/05-01345qp.pdf
C&A Carbone Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, New York, May 16, 1994.
http://supreme.justia.com/us/511/383/case.html
Solid Waste Organizations
County Commissioners’ Association of Ohio (CCAO) – www.ccao.org
Organization of Solid Waste Districts of Ohio (OSWDO) –
www.oswdo.org
Association of Ohio Recyclers (AOR) – www.aor-omex.com
Organics Recycling Association of Ohio (ORAO) –
www.ohiocompost.org
Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA) – Buckeye Chapter
–
www.swanaohio.org
Ohio Association of Litter Prevention & Recycling Professionals
(OALPRP) – www.oalprp.org
Ohio Department of Natural Resources ODNR (Division of Recycling
and Litter Prevention) – www.dnr.state.oh.us