IFA
Explain the common thread of the past
stigmas about mental illness? (Hint: What is
something they all believed about the
mentally ill?)
Psychoanalytic Theory
• All behavior is meaningful and is influences by
unconscious impulses and conflicts
– Sigmund Freud
– Carl Gustav Jung
Psychoanalytical Theorist
• Sigmund Freud
– Developed theory of unconscious mind and its
influence on behavior
– Introduced the concept of the id, ego , and superego
– Believed the conflicts on early childhood affect
development of unconscious mind
– Introduced psychoanalysis and psychotherapy
Carl Gustav Jung
• Believed in “collective unconscious”
• Introduced concept of archetypes
• Developed notion of “individuation”
Behavioral Theory
• Behavior is learned and can be reinforced or
modified
– John B. Watson
– B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
• Goal of psychology-predict and control
behavior
• Observable and measurable responses to
specific stimuli were keys to behavior
modification
• Classic experiment- “Little Albert”
– Conditioned toddler to fear a rat/rabbit
B.F. Skinner
• Introduced principles of reinforcement
• Virtually all behavior is learned from
environmental experience
– Salivating dog
Humanistic-Existential Theory
(1950s & 1960s)
• Carl Rogers
• Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
• Believed that “self-actualization” was the way to
live an authentic life-client centered therapy
Abraham Maslow
• Hierarchy of Needs
– Basic level needs must be met before higher level
needs can be realized
Psychopharmacology
• Drugs help maintain a more “normal”
neurochemistry
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Antipsychotics
Antidepressants
Antianxiety agents
Sedative-hypnotics
Antiparkinsonian agents
Anticonvulsants
Antimanic drugs
Homework