VOCAB NUTRITION UNIT 5
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Page numbers: 280-339.
Nutrient: A substance in food that helps with body processes.
What are the 6 nutrients listed in the chapter? Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats,
Water and Minerals
Proteins: Nutrient used for growth and to build and repair body tissues. Also
supplies energy.
Amino Acids: the building block of proteins
Carbohydrates : main source of energy for the body. Includes sugar, starches, and
fiber.
Fat: Nutrient that provides energy and helps body store and use vitamins.
1 gram of fat has 9 calories.
1 gram of carbohydrates has 4 calories
1 gram of protein has 4 calories.
Water: Nutrient involved in all body processes. Makes up more that 60% of body
mass. Carries nutrients to cells and carries waste product to kidneys.
A person needs body weight/2 for ounces of water per day. During activity, the
demands increase.
Minerals: nutrient that regulates many chemical reactions in the body. Examples
are: calcium, iron, zinc.
Vitamins: nutrient that helps the body use carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
Works as an enzyme in the body (helps to speed up reactions).
a. Fat soluble vitamins: dissolves in fat dissolves in fat and can be stored in
body. Examples are A, D, E, & K.
b. Water soluble vitamins: Dissolves in water. Cannot be stored in the body.
Examples are: C and B.
Antioxidants: Substance that protects cells from being damaged by oxidation and
repairs damaged cells. Antioxidants are present in fruits and vegetables.
Glucose: A simple sugar that is the main energy source in the body. Found in the
bloodstream
Glycogen: A type of sugar stored in the liver. When needed, glycogen is released
into the bloodstream. Supplies muscles with energy during workouts.
Five Food Groups from My Pyramid/My Food Plate: Vegetables, Fruits, Milk,
Meats and beans, Oils,
Fiber: the non-digestible part of fruits and vegetables. Necessary for proper
digestions.
Saturated Fats: Solid at room temperature. Found in dairy products, meats and
poultry and solid vegetable plants (e.g. coconut oil).
Unsaturated Fats: Liquid at room temperature. Comes from plant products and
fish.
Cholesterol: fat like substance made by the body and found in certain foods.
Necessary for nerve function.
Body Composition: fat to muscle ratio. Healthy ratio for boys is 11-17%
Healthy ratio for girls is 16-24%
Body Mass Index (BMI) A way to calculate how much body fat a person has by
using height and weight.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): The number of calories a person uses at rest.
Calorie: The amount of energy in food
3500 calories = 1 lb. to gain/lose
Caloric Intake: the number of calories a person takes in from food and beverages
Caloric Expenditure: The number of calories a person uses for all activities
Eating Disorders
Bulimia: an eating disorder where a person binges and purges. Person may vomit
or use laxatives.
Binge Eating: When a person cannot control eating and ets excessive amount of
food.
Anorexia Nervosa: an eating disorder in which a person starves him/herself and
weighs 15% or more below desirable weight.