Living in the Ottoman Empire
Directions: Create a chart of pros and cons about living in the Ottoman Empire using p.578579 and Ottomans, The New Champions of Islam Handout.
Pros
Cons
The Ottoman
Empire
Empire of Faith: Ottomans
The Ottomans:#1
Turkish
speaking from
Central Asia
Muslim
The last great Islamic empire
in the world (1300-1900)
Empire of Faith - Ottomans

Beginning 0-4:10
 Osman

I (1280-1324)#2
founded Ottomans
Ghazis: Islamic warriors who would
conquer lands for plunder, glory, and
to spread Islam
 Ghazis took control of old Seljuk
territories, and expanded into
Christian-held lands

The Ottomans
Osman I
and his
Ghazi
Warriors
Empire of Faith - Ottomans

Devshirme 4:10 – 11:05
Civil Service and Social Structure
Devshirme
 Practice of taking Christian boys between 10-20
years of age, converting them to Islam, and
training them for positions in either:
a) military – “Men of the Sword”
b) civil service – “Men of the Pen”
Civil Service and Social Structure
Janissaries
 were trained as elite infantry in the Ottoman
military
Vizier
 High-ranking advisor to the Sultan. Often came
from the devshirme system
Empire of Faith - Ottomans

Sultan Mehmet II 11:05 - 12:55
 Sultan
Mehmet II (1400)
 conquered
Constantinople
 renamed it Istanbul
 new
capital of the Ottoman
Empire
 ended
#3
Byzantine Empire
Empire of Faith - Ottomans

Cannons and Strategy 12:55- 16:24
Expansion



Under their leader, Mehmet II,
the Ottomans besiege and
capture Constantinople 1453
This is a serious blow, as well as
a threat, to Christian Europe.
Ottomans were the first to use
large numbers of muskets and
cannons, which gave them
military and technological
superiority
Siege of Constantinople
The battle for Constantinople
Empire of Faith - Ottomans

Siege of Constantinople 16:24 – 21:29
Expansion

The Ottomans then begin to expand eastward
into Muslim-controlled territory

Selim the Grim comes to power in 1512 after
murdering his father and brothers

Selim was an effective Sultan and General
Sultan: title of Ottoman rulers
Expansion

Selim captures Arabia, Palestine, Persia, Syria, and
sections of Egypt.

Captures the holy cities of Mecca and Medina

Ottomans now control much of the territory of the
original Umayyad and Abbassid Caliphates

Turkish Sultans would later take the title of caliph,
giving them religious authority
Ottoman Expansion
What was the
source of
Ottoman power?
#4
1. Political
Stability
skillful gov’t, bureaucracy
2. Control of Trade
Location
Control
of the
Waterways
3. Wealth from
trade and taxes
The lavishly decorated throne room of
Topkapi Palace, home to Ottoman rulers until
the early 20th century.
4. Superior
technology
(the benefit of
diffusion)
Suleiman the Magnificent


Ottoman Empire
reaches its height under
Selim’s son, Suleiman.
Suleiman rules for 46
years, from 1520 to 1566
Empire of Faith - Ottomans

Suleiman 21:29 – 24:48
Suleiman the Magnificent



His was sometimes called Suleiman the Lawgiver or
Suleiman the Magnificent.
Suleiman was also a great general. His armies
conquered much of southern Europe (The
Balkans) and North Africa – expands empire
Expansion is finally stopped when he lays siege
to Vienna, but fails to capture it.
Golden Age
Sultan Suleiman I
(1520-1566)
#5
Empire of Faith - Ottomans

Suleiman 27:00 – 33:00
Show Suleiman the Magnificent
Living in the
Ottoman Empire
Pros and Cons
(see chart)
Living in the Ottoman Empire
Directions: Create a chart of pros and cons about living in the Ottoman Empire using p.578579 and Ottomans, The New Champions of Islam Handout.
Pros
Cons
Sultan Suleiman I
Magnificent or Lawgiver #5

skillful gov’t, bureaucracy



Reforms to improve gov’t,
justice and economy
Tolerance 




Shariah - Timar
millets:
Self go verning; nonMuslim communities but
loyalty to Sultans #6
Improved lives of slaves
art, literature, architecture
“Turkish style” (minarets)

Domed Mosque



Janizary - Devshirme
Prosperous people=more
taxes
Social Structure – set





Men of the Pen
Men of the Sword
Ruled with absolute
power
By 1540 rule ½ “civilized
world”
decline = inflation/poverty
capitulations
Civil Service and Social Structure
Millets
 Provinces of the empire were allowed their own
local government.
 Non-Muslim communities were loyal to sultan
but were ruled by own religious leaders
 Included Jews, Armenians, Orthodox Christians
Suleymaniye Mosque
Istanbul, Turkey
Currently a Museum, formerly an
Imperial Mosque (1453–1931) and
Roman Catholic Cathedral (1204–
1261); originally constructed as an
Eastern Orthodox Cathedral (562–
1204, 1261–1453).
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

The "Blue Mosque" of
Sultan Amet I in Istanbul,
Turkey. It was designed by
the architect Mehemed Aja
and built between 1609 and
1616 A.D. The sultan
wanted his mosque to rival,
if not surpass, the splendor
of Hagia Sophia. This gem
of Islamic architecture is
known as the "Blue Mosque"
because of the use of that
color in the tiles and
frescoes that decorate its
interior walls. It has six
minarets, a unique
configuration.
Empire of Faith - Ottomans

Safavid Rivals 38:18 – 42:15
Chief Rivals: Safavids #7
Abbas the Great (shah: Persian King) 1587
– 1629 #9
 Persia (present day Iran) Capital: Isfahan
 welcomed outside influence
 Trade and commerce
 Disputes: #8

 Control
of Mesopotamia
 Religious:
 Safavids:
Shiite
 Ottomans: Sunni
(Safavid from Islam DVD)
Empire of Faith - Ottomans


Siege of Vienna and Death of Suleiman 42:50 – end
Or 48:50 - end
Siege of Vienna: 1525
Ottoman Empire
in Decline #10
The Europeans
destroyed their
strengths.
Ottoman Strength #1:
Control of trade.
Europeans
broke this
strength by going around
Africa and gaining control
of trade. All water route
Ottoman Strength #2:
Wealth
Discovery
of the
Americas = fantastic
wealth for Europe from
Aztec and Inca gold and
silver.
Ottoman Strength #3:
Technology
The
industrial revolution
surpassed the Ottoman
superiority in technology
especially in production of
weapons
The Empire
Ends #11
Three reasons:
1. Nationalism: People
ruled by the Ottomans
wanted independence
(Internal Force)
Europeans:
Serbs, Croats,
Bulgarians, Greeks.
Arabs
2. European Imperialism
(External Force)
Industrial
revolution = need for
raw materials
European industries wanted
new markets
Large Military forces to control
trade = Navy
3. Competition
between European
nations led to
WWI in 1914
Rise and Decline of Ottoman
Empire

Interactive Map
Causes of WWI
1914-1918
 Rise
of Nationalism in Europe
Competition
for Colonies
Arms races and militarism
Alliances
The Ottomans
sided with
Central Powers
(Germany)
and lost.
The Ottoman Empire
along with its Arab
territories were divided up
between Great Britain and
France.(mandates)
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Mandates

A territory administered but not owned by
a member of the League of Nations.
Turkey becomes
a nation
(1923)
Treaty of Lausanne