Endocrine System
Diseases and Disorders
Gigantism
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
hyper GH before 25
extreme skeletal size
Acromegaly
 hyper GH during adulthood
 gradual enlargement or elongation
of facial bones and extremities
Pituitary Dwarfism
•Hypo GH before 25
•aka proportional dwarfism
•Usually normal mental &
sexual functions
Cushing syndrome
 hyper glucocorticoids like cortisol
 fat deposits on upper back; striated pad of fat on chest and
abdomen; “moon” face
 may be caused by tumor of Ant. Pit (increased ACTH)
 different form may be caused by hyper aldosterone (low K)
Hyperthyroidism
 hyper thyroid hormone
 nervous, tremor,
weight loss, excessive
hunger; fatigue;
irritability
Graves disease
 hyper thyroid hormone
 inherited or possibly
autoimmune
 weight loss,
nervousness, increased
heart rate,
esophthalmos goiter
Hypothyroidism
 hypo thyroid hormone
 sluggish, weight gain;
slowing of body
function
Cretinism
 hypo thyroid hormone
during early
development
 aka deformed
dwarfism
 retarded mental
development; facial
puffiness; lack of
muscle coordination
Goiter
 lack of iodine in diet
 enlargement of thyroid
Winter depression
 hyper melatonin
 Usually in winter when
days are shorter (sunlight
inhibits melatonin)
 Aka Seasonal affective
disorder (SAD)
 sadness resulting from
exaggerated melatonin
effects
 expose to high-intensity
light
Diabetes insipidus

hypo or
insensitivity to ADH
 decrease in kidney’s
retention of water
 excessive urination
 excessive thirst
Diabetes Mellitus
•“pass through honey”
•Insulin allows glucose to transfer into cell
•Hypo insulin OR target cell insensitivity to insulin
•Hyperglycemia  glycosuria  polyuria  polydipsia
•Hyperglycemia  no glucose for energy  polyphagia & use of
protein & fat  ketoacidosis
Type I diabetes
 hypo insulin due to





destruction of B cells in
pancreas
Inherited
sudden childhood onset
polydipsia, polyuria,
weight loss, fatigue
Daily insulin injections
Aka insulin dependent
daibetes mellitus (IDDM)
Type II diabetes
 insensitivity to insulin or





decreased production
slow adulthood onset;
genetic and environmental
factors
polydispia, polyuria,
overeating, fatigue
Non-insulin dependent
(NIDDM)
Lifestyle change or oral
hypoglycemic agents