Cell Structure

1/6/15 Cells
Key Question: How are cells structured and organized?
Initial Thoughts:

Bill Nye Movie
Evidence #1: Bill Nye Movie
Cells Bill Nye Cells https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQch3Q
Yst78

Evidence #2: Notes & Diagrams
• Take notes from the PowerPoint virtual tour of a cell.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=URUJD5NEXC8

Cell Theory
• Cells are the basic unit of life
• All living things are made of cells
• Cells come from other cells

Cells are…
• Definition: The basic unit of life
•
Cells produce tissues
Tissues produce organs
Organs produce organ systems
Organs systems produce organisms

What is the difference between a single cell and cells working together?
Cell Specialization by
Brainpop
Single Cells do everything by
themselves;
Cells in tissues and organs divide up the work!

The discovery of cells
• Robert Hooke discovered the first cells . Cork
Cells were thought to have been these cells .

• Anton von Leeuwenhoek was first to observe one celled living things. Examples of these were bacteria and parameciums.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Cells :
NO NUCLEUS
Example : Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells :
Have a TRUE NUCLEUS
Example : all cells in your body

Cell Part
Create 2 columns:
Function

CELL PART:
CYTOPLASM
FUNCTION:
Gel-like material inside cells
Holds organelles

CELL PART:
CELL MEMBRANE
FUNCTION:
“GATE KEEPER”—
Controls what goes
in and out

CELL PART:
NUCLEUS
FUNCTION:
Directs all cell activities
With the electron microscop e

CELL PART:
NUCLEOLUS
FUNCTION:
Helps to make
ribosomes;
Found inside nucleus

CELL PART:
Endoplasmic
Reticulum or ER
FUNCTION:
Pathway for moving materials through cell
(the “express-way”)

CELL PART:
RIBOSOMES
Under the electron microscope:
FUNCTION:
Make protein!
A simple diagram
Under the electron microscope:

CELL PART:
MITOCHONDRIA
FUNCTION:
Releases energy in the cell; the
“powerhouse”
Under the electron microscope:

CELL PART:
CHROMATIN (DNA)
FUNCTION:
Contains genes or
instructions for cell’s activities
(found in nucleus)
Under the electron microscope:

CELL PART:
CHLOROPLAST
FUNCTION:
Converts sunlight into cell energy
(Found in plants ONLY!)
Under the microscope

CELL PART:
CELL WALL
FUNCTION:
The outer structure in plant cells; made of cellulose
Under the microscope

CELL PART:
VACUOLES
FUNCTION:
Store water, food, and
waste products;
Very large in plant cells, small in animal cells
Under the microscope

CELL PART:
GOLGI BODIES
FUNCTION:
Nicknamed “UPS”—
Packages & secrete substances made inside the cell
Under the microscope

CELL PART:
LYSOSOMES
FUNCTION:
Digests cell wastes
“garbage disposal”
Under the microscope

CELL PART:
Centriole
FUNCTION:
Help direct cell division during mitosis; only in animal cells

What are the two parts that plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
• Cell Walls
• Chloroplasts

Draw an animal and plant cell
Using this powerpoint and the Cell
Games Link on Swift, draw and label an animal and plant cell.
Cell Games: http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/an atomy/cell/index.htm

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Analysis Questions
1. What are the differences between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell? Give examples of organisms of each.
2. What is the job of the cell membrane? Why would this be important to a cell?
3. Compare and contrast plant cells and animal cells. ( How are they different? How are they the same?)

Summary
In a well developed paragraph:
– What did you think before about how cells are structured? ( look back at your initial thoughts)
– What did you learn about how cells are structured?
Be specific!
( look back at your evidence section ).
– What evidence do you have that you learned this?
– Further Thoughts
Make sure this is thoughtful and thorough .

Reflection
• Draw a picture of how cells are organized to make complex organisms.
• Cells  tissues
 organs
 organ systems
 organisms

Big Idea: Cells
• Cells are the building blocks of life
• Cells  tissues
 organs
 organ systems
 organisms
• Organelles each have a different job
• Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus;
Eukaryotic cells do.