With white settlement rapidly spreading westward, Plains
Indians faced the harsh choice of resistance or assimilation.
Plains Indians
Sioux
Red Cloud
Sand Creek Massacre
Treaty of Fort Laramie
Ulysses S. Grant’s “Peace
Policy”
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Indian Ring Scandal
Buffalo (American bison)
William Tecumseh Sherman
Black Hills
George Armstrong Custer
Sitting Bull
Battle of Little Bighorn
Nez Perce
Chief Joseph
Oklahoma Land Rush
Sooners
A Century of Dishonor
Helen Hunt Jackson
Dawes (Severalty) Act
Assimilation policy
Carlisle Indian School
Reservations
Ghost Dance
Wounded Knee
Geronimo
Apache
Buffalo Soldiers
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show
Western settlement offered the promise of economic opportunity but life in the west was filled with hardship.
Manifest Destiny
Brigham Young
Mormon exodus
Comstock Lode
59ers
Homestead Act
Speculators
Morrill Land Grant Act
Sod houses
Women’s suffrage in the west
Pacific Railway Act
Credit Mobilier Scandal
Transcontinental Railroad
Promontory Point, Utah
Chinese & Irish laborers
Chinese Exclusion Act
Leland Stanford
Cattle drives
Cowboys
Vaqueros
Refrigerator car
Joseph Glidden
Barbed wire
Meat-packing industry
John Deere
Steel plow/“sod buster”
Cyrus McCormick
Mechanized reaper
Frederick Jackson Turner
“Frontier Thesis”
Ecological imperialism
Western farmers fought in vain against the transformation of American agriculture and the larger economy.
Mechanization of agriculture
Oliver Kelley
The Grange (Patrons of
Husbandry)
Munn v. Illinois
Wabash v. Illinois
Interstate Commerce
Commission
Deflation
Drought
Locusts
Farmers’ Alliances
Mary Elizabeth Lease
James B. Weaver
Coxey Armies
Populist (People’s) Party
Omaha Platform
Greenbacks
Gold, silver & bimetallism
Election of 1896
William Jennings Bryan
Cross of Gold Speech
William McKinley
Marcus Hanna
Gold Standard Act
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

Robber barons built enormous industrial empires and wielded their power over their competitors, their employees, the federal government, and the public.
Robber barons
Captains of industry
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Transcontinental railroad
Pullman cars
Edwin Drake
Oil drill
John D. Rockefeller
Standard Oil Company
Andrew Carnegie
Gospel of Wealth
Bessemer process
Carnegie Steel Company
Gustavus Swift
Meatpacking industry
James B. Duke
American Tobacco Company
Jay Gould
Wall Street
J.P. Morgan
U.S. Steel
Henry Ford
Assembly line
Model T
Planned obsolescence
“$5 a day”
Thomas Edison
George Westinghouse
War of the Currents
Munn v. Illinois
Wabash v. Illinois
U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co.
Department stores
Mail order catalogs
Vertical integration
Horizontal integration
Interlocking directorates
Monopolies
Pools
Holding companies
Trusts
Sherman Antitrust Act
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Scientific Management
Herbert Spencer
Social Darwinism
Horatio Alger
Dime Novels
Russell Conwell
“Acres of Diamonds”
Thorstein Veblen
“Leisure class”
“Conspicuous consumption”
Newport, RI
Mark Twain
“The Gilded Age”
Americans and immigrants alike flocked to the cities, where jobs awaited and culture fermented.
“New immigration” vs. “Old immigration”
Melting pot vs. salad bowl
Assimilation vs. pluralism
Ellis Island
Angel Island
Ethnic communities
Jacob Riis
How the Other Half Lives
Jane Addams
Settlement houses
Landlords
Dumbbell tenements
Sweatshops
Nativism
Chinese Exclusion Act
Gentlemen’s Agreement
Webb Alien Land Law
National Origins Quota Laws
Louis Sullivan
Skyscrapers
Elevators
John Roebling
Suspension bridges
Electric trolley
Frederick Law Olmstead
Public parks
Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone
Elias Howe & Isaac Singer
Typewriter
Automobiles
Suburbs
Middle class
YMCA
Spectator sports
Country clubs
Coney Island
World’s Columbian Exposition
(World’s Fair)
Workers organized with limited success to fight for shorter hours, higher wages and better working conditions.
National Labor Union
Knights of Labor
Terence V. Powderly
Unskilled workers
Trade unions
Wages, hours & working conditions
Child labor
Eight hour day movement
Haymarket Square Riot
American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
Skilled workers
Craft unions
Strike
Wildcat strike
Collective bargaining
Closed shop
Mediation & arbitration
Yellow dog contract
Lockout

Scabs
Pinkertons
Blacklist
Injunction (Sherman Antitrust
Act)
Open shop
Great Railroad Strike
Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike
Ludlow Massacre
The South struggled to modernize, facing the dual challenges of industrialization and changing race relations.
Henry Woodfin Grady
Good Roads Movement
Red Shirts
Ellison Alger Smyth
Jim Crow/Segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson , 1896
Convict labor
Birmingham steel industry
Southern textile industry
Piedmont
Tidewater
Company town
Booker T. Washington
Tuskegee Institute
Atlanta Compromise Speech
Niagara Movement
Booker T. Washington
National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP)
Minstrel shows
The Birth of a Nation
Weak presidents, partisan political machines and the spoils system made the Gilded
Age a time of graft and gridlock.
Gilded Age
“Era of Good Stealings”
Patronage
Graft
Spoils system
Ulysses S. Grant
Credit Mobilier Scandal
Whisky Ring Scandal
Indian Ring Scandal
Panic of 1873
Compromise of 1877
Rutherford Hayes
James Garfield
Charles Guiteau
Civil service system
Pendleton Act
Chester A. Arthur
James G. Blaine
“Mugwumps”
Grover Cleveland
Sherman Antitrust Act, 1890
Benjamin Harrison
Populist Party
Election of 1896
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley
Political machines
Boss Tweed
Tammany Hall
George Washington Plunkitt
“Honest graft”
Thomas Nast
The Progressive movement achieved sweeping reforms that improved the lives of workers, consumers, women, children and made government more democratic.
Henry James
Pragmatism
Robert LaFollette
Wisconsin Idea
“Social Gospel”/Liberal
Protestantism
Normal schools
Chautauqua movement
Initiative, referendum, recall
City managers & commissioners
Australian (secret) ballot
Direct primaries
17th Amendment
Muckrakers
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities
Jacob Riis
How the Other Half Lives
Henry Demarest Lloyd
Ida Tarbell
The History of Standard Oil
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle
Meat Inspection Act/Pure Food
& Drug Act
John Spargo
The Bitter Cry of the Children
Lochner v. New York
Loewe v. Lawlor
Muller v. Oregon
International Ladies Garment
Workers Union (ILGWU)
Florence Kelly
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Labor departments
Minimum wage laws
Workers compensation
Industrial Workers of the World
(IWW/“Wobblies”)
Socialist Party
Eugene Debs
Carrie Nation
Women’s Christian Temperance
Union (WCTU)
18 th Amendment
Volstead Act
Prohibition
Victoria Woodhull
Carrie Chapman Catt
National American Women’s
Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Alice Paul

National Women’s Party (NWP)
19 th Amendment
League of Women Voters
Presidents responded to the progressive movement by increasing the role of the federal government in regulating the economy.
Theodore Roosevelt
Administration
Assassination of William
McKinley
Bully pulpit
Anthracite Coal Strike
United Mine Workers
Square Deal
Northern Securities v. U.S.,
1904
Meat Inspection Act/Pure Food
& Drug Act
Hepburn Act
Booker T. Washington
Conservation
John Muir
Land management
Gifford Pinchot
Sierra Club
Newlands Reclamation Act
National Parks
William H. Taft
Administration
Mann-Elkins Act
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
U.S. v. U.S. Steel
16 th Amendment
Election of 1912
Theodore Roosevelt
“New Nationalism”
Progressive (Bull Moose) Party
William H. Taft
Republican Party
Woodrow Wilson
Democratic Party
“New Freedom”
Eugene Debs
Socialist Party
Eugene Chafin
Prohibition Party
Woodrow Wilson
Administration
Underwood Tariff
Graduated (progressive) income tax
Federal Reserve Act
Federal Trade Commission
Clayton Antitrust Act
Child Labor Laws
Adamson Act
17 th Amendment
18 th Amendment
19 th Amendment