Chapter 11 Critical
Vocabulary
Section 1
Term #1
1. oracles – People who, it was believed
could speak with the gods.
Term #2
2. prophecy – A statement of what might
happen in the future.
Term #3
3. pancratium – A combination of boxing
and wrestling in which no holds were
barred.
Term #4
4. pentathlon – Athletic events consisting
of running, jumping, discus, javelin, and
wrestling.
Term #5
5. Philosophy – The study of the laws of
nature and the love of wisdom ; the search
for truth.
Term #6
6. hypothesis – A possible explanation of
something ; educated guess.
Term #7
7. syllogism – A method of reasoning that
uses three related statements.
Term #8
8. Zeus – In Greek myth, the King of the
gods.
Term #9
9. Olympics – The most important athletic
event in Greece.
Term #10
10. theater – The creation of plays by the
Greeks usually tragedy or comedy.
Term #11
11. soliloquy – A talk by an actor in which
personal thoughts and feelings are
expressed to an audience.
Term #12
12. tragedies – Stories about suffering
Term #13
13. amphitheater – A large outdoor theater
usually built on a hillside.
Term #14
14. Athena – Greek goddess of wisdom ;
city god of Athens ; protectress in war.
Term #15
15. Ares – Greek god of war
Term #16
16. Artemis – Goddess of the moon
Term #17
17. Demeter – Goddess of crops ; giver of
grain and fruit
Term #18
18. Hephaestus – God of fire and artisans;
husband of Aphrodite.
Term #19
19. Hermes – Son of Zeus and messenger
of mortals ; God of orators, writers, and
commerce.
Term #20
20. comedy – A play with a happy ending
Term #21
Aphrodite - She was the goddess of love
and beauty.
Term #22
Apollo - He was the god of the sun; patron
of truth, archery, music, medicine, and
prophecy god of war.
Term #23
Dionysus - God whose festivals featured
dance and drama.
Term #24
Hera - Protectress of marriage, children,
and home ; wife of Zeus.
Term #25
Poseidon - He was the god of the sea and
earthquakes; giver of horses to mortals.
Chapter 11 Section 2 Vocabulary
1.Aeschylus – In 524 B.C. – 456 B.C., He
was the author of Greek tragedies and the
first to create a play.
*From Athens
Term #2
2. Sophocles – From 496 B.C. – 406 B.C.,
he was the author of Greek tragedies; his
play showed that people suffered because
of their sins and mistakes.
*From Athens
Term #3
3. Euripides – From 485 B.C. – 406 B.C.,
he wrote tragedies about people suffering
because they did bad things.
*From Athens
Term #4
4. Socrates – From 469 B.C. – 399 B.C.,
he was an Athenian philosopher who
thought we could discover the truth by
asking questions. In 399 B.C., he was on
trial and found guilty for denying the gods,
corrupting the young and trying to
overthrow the government. He was
sentenced to death by drinking poisonous
hemlock juice.
Term #5
5. Plato – From 429 B.C.- 347 B.C., he
was a pupil of Socrates. Plato recorded
speeches Socrates made at his trial just
before his death.
*In 387 B.C., he set up a school called the
Academy in Athens. He believed the wise
and good should rule, not the political
liberty. He wrote a book called The
Republic.
Term #6
6. Aristotle – In 384 B.C. – 322 B.C., he
was a pupil of Plato. He wrote more than
200 books and opened a school in Athens.
He was known as “The master of them
that know.”
*He was the first to classify or group
animals that were similar.
Term #7
7. scientific method – Process used by
scientists for study.
Term #8
8. Hippocrates – He was known as the
“Father of Scientific Medicine.”
Term #9
9. Herodotus – In 484 B.C. – 425 B.C., he
was known as the “father of history.”
Term #10
10. Thales – He was the first known Greek
scientist. He used Chaldean observations
of stars, planets, and the moon to predict
the solar eclipse of 585 B.C.. He
developed the first two steps of the
scientific method.
Term #11
11. mythology – A branch of knowledge
dealing with myths, a legendary narrative
that presents part of their beliefs.
Term #12
12. Fable - A story meant to teach a
lesson; one in which animals speak and
act like human beings.
Term #13
13. Political Science - The study of
government.
Term #14
14. Orchestra – The space between the
stage and the audience where the chorus
performed in Greek plays.
Term #15
15. intellect – The ability to learn and
reason.
Term #16
16. Socratic Method – Form of questioning
developed by Socrates where each
question was designed to make a person
arrive step by step at a final conclusion or
truth.
Term #17
17. classify – To group together
*example – classifying plants or animals
Term #18
18. Hippocratic Oath – A list of rules that
Hippocrates constructed about how
doctors should use their skills to help their
patients.
*The Hippocratic Oath is still used all over
the world in today’s society.