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Personality:Its Basic Nature and
Role in Organizational Behavior.
Personality:The unique and relatively
stable patterns of behavior,thoughts
and emotions shown by individuals
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Work-Related Aspects of Personality
The “Big Five” Dimension of Personality
and organization behavior:
1.Conscientionusness: a dimension ranging
from careful,thorough,responsible,organized
self-disciplined and scrupulous.
2.Extraversion-Introversion: a dimension
ranging from sociable, talkative , assertive
and active.
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3.Agreeableness: a dimension ranging from
good natured, gentle, cooperative, forgiving
and hopeful.
4.Emotional Stability: a dimension ranging
from anxious, depressed, angry, emotion,
insecure and excitable.
5.Openness to Experience: a dimension
ranging from imaginative, narrow, crude and
simple at the other.
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The Type A Behavior Pattern: why
Being in a hurry can be costly to
your health
-Type A behavior pattern: pattern of
behavior involving high levels of
competitiveness, time urgency and irritability.
-Type B behavior pattern: pattern of
behavior characterized by a casual, laid-back
style the opposite of the type A behavior
pattern.
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Self-Efficacy: The “can do” facet of
personality
Self-Efficacy: Individuals beliefs concerning
their ability to perform specific tasks
successfully.
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Self-monitoring: self-Image
versus private reality
1.Self-monitoring and performanc.
2.Self-monitoring and career success.
3.Self-monitoring and impression
management.
4.Self-monitoring and mentoring.
5.The potential downside of self-monitoring.
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Machiavellianism:Using other
to Get Ahead
1.Machiavellianism and success.
2. Dealing with high machs.
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Work-Related motives:
Achievement, Power and Affiliation
-Achievement motivation: The strength of
an individuals desire to excel-to succeed at
difficult tasks and to do them better than
other persons.
-Power motivation: The strength of an
individuals desire to be in charge, to be
able to exercise control over other.
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-Affiliation motivation: The strength of
an individuals desire to have close,
friendly relations with others.
-Leadership motivation pattern (LMP):
A pattern of personality traits involving high
power motivation, low affiliation
motivation and a high degree of selfcontrol.
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Morning personal and Evening
personal
-Morning personal: Individuals who feel
most energetic and alert early in the day.
-Evening personal: Individuals who feel
most energetic and alert late in the day.
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Abilities: Having what It Takes
Abilities: mental and physical
capacities to perform various
tasks.
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Intellectual Abilities
1.The many faces of intelligence.
2. Emotional intelligence.
3. Cognitive abilities and memory.
4. Memory and aging.
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Measuring Individuals Differences
Some Basic Methods
1. Objective and Projective tests.
- Objective tests: Questionnaires and inventories
designed to measure various aspects of
personality.
- Projective tests: Methods for measuring
personality in which individuals respond to
ambiguous stimuli. Their responses provide
insights into their personality traits.
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2. Reliability and validity: Essential
requirements:
Reliability
If correlation is high,
Reliability is high
scores on
test at
time 2
Scores on
Test at
Time 1
If correlation is low,
Reliability is low
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validity
scores on test correlate
highly with criterion
validity is high.
scores on
criterion
scores on
test
scores on test do not correlate
highly with criterion
validity is low
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