The First 10 Alkanes
Alkane bond angles b/w carbons,
109.5°
Structural Formula, Octane
Different Diagrams/Forms for drawing
Hydrocarbons
Structural formula
Cycloalkane
Structural Isomers
butane
methylpropane
Naming Alkanes
Boiling/Melting Point Increases as
Alkane size increases
Uses of Alkanes
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Rules for Naming Alkenes/Alkynes
Stereoisomers
Cis and Trans Isomers
Hydrogenation
Addition Reactions
Addition reaction with halogen Halogenation
Hydrohalogenation Reaction
Hydration Reaction
Markovnikov’s Rule
2 – bromobutane is the most likely product
Markovnikov’s Rule
Michael Faraday (1791 – 1867)
Benzene
Common representation of Benzene
1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene
Toluene, methylbenzene
Substitution reactions involving
Benzene
Ethanol
Primary Alcohol (1°)
Secondary (2°) Alcohol
Tertiary (3°) Alcohol
Naming/Drawing Alcohols
Hydration of Ethene to form Ethanol
Dehydration Reaction of Propanol
Typical Ethers
Condensation Rx to form an Ether
Rules for Naming Ethers - IUPAC
Ethanethiol
Carbonyl Group
Aldehyde
Aldehyde - butanal
Ketone
Ketone - Propanone
Oxidation of a Primary Alcohol
produces an Aldehyde
Oxidation of a Secondary Alcohol
produces an Ketone
Hydrogenation Rx of Aldehydes and
Ketones
Carboxyl group
Citric Acid
Methanoic Acid (or Formic Acid)
Ethanoic Acid (or Acetic Acid –
Vinegar)
Propanoic Acid
Benzoic Acid
Melting Points of Carboxylic Acids vs.
Alkanes
Carboxylic Acid Formation
Ester
Esters
Ester
General Esterification
Esterification
Glycerol
Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Structure of a Fatty Acid
Triglyceride formation
Triglyceride
Cis vs. Trans Fatty Acids
Amine
Primary Amine - Ethanamine
Aniline
Secondary Amine –
N-methylmethanamine
Tertiary Amine –
N,N-dimethylmethanamine
Boiling point of 1°, 2 °, 3 ° amines
1° Amine Synthesis
2° amine synthesis
3° amine synthesis
Amide
Primary Amide Synthesis
Synthesis of Amides