Life Science Final Exam Study Guide Name: _______________________ Class: ____ Date: ________ Activity 12 What’s Happening Inside? Definitions: Organs Systems Structure Function - know the difference between them: What is the difference between an organ and a system? What is the difference between a structure and function? Activity 14 Breakdown Definitions: chemical breakdown mechanical breakdown What is the purpose of Mechanical breakdown? What is the purpose of Chemical breakdown? How does mechanical breakdown affect chemical breakdown? Explain how surface area is involved: In order for food to be absorbed by the body, What type of breakdown is necessary? Activity 15 Digestion: An absorbing tale Definitions: absorb tissue nutrients List in order the organs food pass through when you eat something and describe what happens to the food (its function): ORGAN FUNCTION List the organs that help with digestion but food does not pass through it and explain the function of each: ORGAN FUNCTION Where does mechanical breakdown occur in the digestive system? (which organs?)- explain how it occurs Where does chemical breakdown occur in the digestive system? (which organs?) Explain how it occurs What are wastes produced by the human body? STEM project What does an Engineer do?—look at the Engineer Design Process Be able to calculate the speed of something given the distance and time.—Ex. 20 feet in 10 seconds Activity 35 A License to Learn Parts of the microscope and their function Eyepiece coarse adjustment knob fine adjustment knob objective stage diaphragm Be able to calculate magnification with eyepiece and objective magnifications. What objective should you start at? Highest or lowest Microscopes are used to see objects that are (too close, far away, too big, too small??) Activity 36 Looking for Signs of Micro-life Microbe Disease Infectious What causes infectious disease? Activity 37 The history of the germ theory of disease Germ theory of disease Cell Theory- 3 parts: Cell Multicellular Give an example of something made of a cell An example of something NOT made of a cell Give two examples of multicellular organisms: What are some functions of a cell? Activity 38 Microbes, Plants, and You Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nuclear membrane Nucleus Organelles Difference between a plant and animal cell- venn diagram What do humans and plants have in common? Is a cell membrane found in all cell types? Function of: cell membrane Cell wall Chloroplasts Chromosomes Cytoplasm Mitochondria Nuclear membrane Nucleus Vacuole Activity 38B Processes and Purposes of Cell Division Asexual reproduction Chromosome Dna Sexual reproduction Purpose of cell division- 3 main reasons: Activity 40 A cell model Permeable Selectively permeable Osmosis What is the main purpose of the cell membrane? Substances pass in and out of a cell through its __________________________ Activity 41 A cell so small Why are multicellular organisms made of small cells instead of large cells? What is the advantage to having small cells? Activity 42 A Closer Look What is the purpose of: cell wall? Nucleus? Mitochondria Chloroplast? From largest to smallest, list these in order: cell, organelles, organ, tissue, organism, organ system What structures are in a plant cell but are not in an animal cell? What do chloroplasts do? What do mitochondria use to produce energy for a cell? What part of the cell contains its genetic material? Activity 44 and 45 Who’s Who- the world of Microbes Be able to use a Dichotomous key The difference between a Prokaryote and Eukaryote? What is the difference between archaea and bacteria What are four types (kingdoms) of Eukaryotes? (fungus, plants, animals, protists) Characteristics of a: Bacteria, Protist, virus- how do they differ- in structure, size, how they function? Protist Bacteria Virus o Which of these has a nucleus? o Which can you see with a 10x microscope__________________ o a 100x microscope______________ Are each of the above helpful, harmful, both or neither? What causes infectious diseases? Where can bacteria be found? What are two other words used for Germ? Activity 46 Disease Fighters Immune system- what does it do?